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1.
利用1961-2010年华东地区88个气象站逐日降水资料,采用趋势分析和突变检测等方法,研究了华东地区年、季、月雨日和降水量的时空变化特征.结果表明,华东地区年雨日和年降水量的长期趋势变化几乎相反,年雨日普遍减少(区域平均气候倾向率为-2.3d/(10a)),而年降水量除山东省外却普遍增加,反映年平均的日降水强度增加.季雨日与季降水量的长期变化较一致,秋季最相似;春季、秋季雨日和降水量都是大范围负趋势,但雨日的负趋势比降水量的范围更广、强度更大;夏季、冬季降水量在山东省呈减少趋势,在其他地区呈增加趋势,其中长三角地区夏季及江淮流域冬季的降水增加显著,而雨日在山东和福建是负趋势,其他地区为正趋势.年雨日在山东中东部、福建北部减少最多,这些地区一年四季雨日都是减少趋势,平均每10a减少3~5d.山东半岛年雨日在20世纪70年代末期发生突变,此后年雨日明显减少.  相似文献   

2.
华南暴雨的气候特征及变化   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
伍红雨  杜尧东  秦鹏 《气象》2011,37(10):1262-1269
利用华南110个测站1961—2008年逐日降水资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析、计算趋势系数等统计诊断方法,分析了华南年和前、后汛期的暴雨日数、强度、贡献率等的气候特征及变化。结果表明,近48年来,华南年平均暴雨日数的地理分布总体上呈由沿海向内陆递减的趋势,最多中心在广西东兴(14.9d),最少中心在广西隆林(3.2 d)。华南的暴雨72%发生在汛期,其中前汛期占45%,后汛期占27%。华南平均年和前、后汛期暴雨日数呈微弱上升趋势,但不明显。年和前、后汛期暴雨日数具有明显的年际、年代际变化特征。华南平均年和前汛期的暴雨强度有微弱增加趋势,特别是2005年以来升幅明显,而后汛期暴雨强度有不明显减少趋势。华南年暴雨贡献率增加明显,而前、后汛期暴雨贡献率增加并不明显。小波分析表明:2000年以来,华南年、前、后汛期暴雨日数具有2~3 a和3~4 a准周期振荡。  相似文献   

3.
江苏省雨日及降水量的气候变化研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
王颖  封国林  施能  甄淑红 《气象科学》2007,27(3):287-293
利用江苏省1960—2000年13个测站逐日降水资料,分析了41 a来江苏省年、季、月雨日的时空特征和雨日的气候变化。结果表明,江苏省的年雨日已经明显减少,平均每10 a雨日减少10.4 d。各季的雨日都呈负趋势,平均每10 a季雨日减少2.6 d。而秋季雨日减少最明显也最多。雨日长期趋势变化有明显的空间变化。江苏省的年雨日东部比西部减少的多,东部雨日每10 a减少14.6 d。月雨日也呈减少趋势,尤以4月、9月明显。雨日的长期趋势变化与降水量的长期趋势变化并不完全一致,这种不一致表现在长期趋势变化的强度上、范围上。总的来说,雨日的负趋势变化要强于降水量,负趋势的范围也要比降水量来得广一些。  相似文献   

4.
中国雨日的气候变化   总被引:60,自引:1,他引:60  
利用1954~2000年中国160站的资料,通过计算趋势系数等现代统计诊断方法,研究了中国年、季、月雨日的时、空特征和气候变化.指出,中国年雨日已经明显减少,而且雨日的减少比降水量的减少明显得多,平均每10年减少雨日3.8天.各季的雨日都是负趋势;季雨日平均每10年减少1天左右.夏季雨日减少最明显(统计检验最显著),秋季雨日减少最多(雨日减少天数多).雨日长期趋势变化有明显的空间变化,东北、华北、西南区的雨日减少是最多的,这些地区的雨日每10年减少7~10天.雨日的长期趋势变化与降水量的长期变化并不完全一致.雨日的负趋势与降水的负趋势比较,不但范围广,而且强度大(负趋势绝对值大).中国年降水量明显的负趋势仅位于华北(34°N~38°N,109°E~122°E),而雨日减少最多的地区是东北、华北、西南,范围比降水量大得多.季雨日的长期变化与季降水量的长期变化的差别很大.中国没有一个季节、一个测站的雨日有明显的正趋势变化,但是,降水量仅在秋季是大范围的负趋势,夏季降水量有些测站是明显正趋势,冬季降水量只是小范围的负趋势(冬季的降水量在增加),在冬季,东北仅是很小范围的降水量在减少,而雨日是大范围的明显减少.  相似文献   

5.
采用安徽省15站近60年来的降水资料,研究了季节和年雨日、降水量及雨强的气候变化特征.结果表明:1)空间分布上,雨日、降水量"南多北少",雨强中北部地区相当,皆小于南部地区;雨日数南北在冬春季相差较大,降水量夏季最多、冬季最少,雨强上南北在春季相差较大;雨日、降水量及雨强在年和季节上基本呈现显著正相关关系.2)时间演变上,雨日在减少,降水量、雨强在增多(大),且表现为两阶段的变化特征;小波分析显示约10 a的年代际周期变化,雨日上存在、降水量上在衰减、雨强上则不明显,约5 a、3 a的周期变化存在较多;雨日在春秋季减少明显,降水量春秋季减少,夏冬季增加但不明显,雨强尤以夏冬季增大明显;无论是年还是各季节的时间演变上,降水量与雨日、雨强均呈显著正相关,但雨日与雨强之间相关性则差些.  相似文献   

6.
分析德州1951—2010年各类降水日数和降水量等资料,计算线性变化趋势系数和相关系数,结果表明:历年降水量平均10a 减少19.5mm。大于等于0.1mm 降水日数总体呈下降趋势,平均10a 减少2.76d,且变化显著;大于等于150.0mm降水日数呈增多趋势,但变化不显著。大于等于25.0mm降水日数与年降水量变化之间的相关系数最大,为0.854,且相关显著。最长连续降水日数平均10a减少0.21d,最长连续无降水日数平均10a增加2.26d,最大连续降水量平均10a减少2.75mm,一日最大降水量平均10a减少1.80mm,1h最大降水量平均10a增加2.34mm,10min最大降水量平均10a增加0.49mm。总体上,德州降水资源呈减少趋势。150mm以上降雨日数有增多趋势,短时强降水等极端灾害性天气事件有增加趋势。  相似文献   

7.
华南地区1961-2008年暴雨事件的气候变化特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据华南地区110个气象站1961-2008年逐日降水资料,采用线性趋势法,对华南地区暴雨事件的时空变化特征进行了研究.结果表明:近48 a来,华南年暴雨降水频数呈不显著的上升趋势,上升速率为0.18次/10a,其中两广地区的东南和西部、海南省呈增加趋势,两广地区中部呈减少趋势;前汛期、后汛期暴雨降水频数均呈不显著的上...  相似文献   

8.
1960~2010年湖南雨日的时空变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用湖南省的88个地面气象站点逐日降水资料,运用经验正交分解(EOF)、线性回归、小波分析等方法分析了湖南雨日的空间变化特征和气候变化趋势,以及湖南雨日与降水量的关系。结果表明:湖南雨日空间分布大致是南多北少,平原少于山区丘陵区,呈现出2条少雨日带、4个多雨日区;过去51 a湖南大部分地区雨日呈减少趋势,对比雨日的空间分布发现,未来湖南雨日的空间分布差异可能减小;湖南雨日存在明显的年代际变化,1970年代和2000年代分别为近51 a来雨日最多和最少的10 a。湖南雨日的空间分型既有全区一致性,也存在着东南部—西北部、湘中地区与周围地区及东部—西部相反变化的差异。全区一致型雨日呈下降趋势,存在3 a、8 a和21 a周期变化。东南—西北反向型雨日东南(西北)呈下降(上升)趋势,存在3 a、6 a和18 a周期变化。湖南雨日与降水量呈正相关关系,且雨日和降水量的时空变化特征非常相似。  相似文献   

9.
近48年西南地区降水量和雨日的气候变化特征   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用1960-2007年西南地区97个观测站点的日降水量资料,研究分析了西南地区年、季节的降水量和雨日的气候变化特征。结果表明,西南地区降水量分布整体呈"东多西少"的分布形态,高值区位于四川盆地的雅安地区和滇西南区,且这两个地区也是四季中降水最多的。年雨日、春季雨日和秋季雨日呈东北—西南向的"偏少—偏多—偏少"型分布,夏季雨日呈"西多东少"型分布,冬季与夏季分布相反。近48年西南地区年降水量总体上呈弱的减少趋势,春、冬季的降水量呈增多趋势,而夏、秋季的降水量呈减少趋势,且夏季降水量存在着明显的准16年周期变化。雨日的季节变化趋势与降水量类似,夏季雨日呈明显的准17年周期变化。另外,中雨日和小雨日呈明显减少趋势,但暴雨日、大雨日均呈增加趋势,极端降水天气日益突出。  相似文献   

10.
青海省近40年雨日、雨强气候变化特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文利用青海26个代表1961~2002年逐日雨量资料和青海东部地区10个站1981~2001年降水自记资料,分析近40a来青海雨日、雨强气候变化特征。结果表明:青海近年来虽然夏半年降水量和雨日在减少,但降水强度在增大。夏半年降水量的减少主要是降水日数的减少造成的;而冬半年降水量的明显增加是由于降雪日数增多和每次降水日平均雨量的增大造成的。近20a来十分钟、一小时最大降水的强度在明显增加。同时90年代夜间出现强降水的机率多于80年代,白天则少于80年代。因此从降水的强度变化和强降水出现时间变化来看,今后防止洪涝灾害的任务将更加艰巨。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

16.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

17.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

18.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

19.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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