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1.
贵州冻雨时空分布及对应临近环流特征分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用贵州29个站冻雨日数资料和500hPa高度场资料,借助EOF展开、功率谱分析及其它诊断技术,分析贵州冻雨空间分布特征、时间演变规律以及对应临近环流分布特征。结果表明:贵州冻雨区主要集中在省之西北部;贵州冻雨年际变化主要表现为12月冻雨有准8a振荡周期,1月冻雨有准4a变化周期,整个冬季也存在准4a变化;年代际变化主要表现为从20世纪80年代中期开始,贵州冻雨强度就有减弱的趋势;其临近11月500hPa高度场异常对贵州后期冻雨强弱具有较好的指示作用,尤其是欧亚地区上空环流的异常,对贵州冻雨异常的指示作用更是突出。主要表现为当临近11月中高纬欧亚地区上空为异常低压环流所控制,而对应高纬度北极圈为异常高压环流控制时,一般预示贵州是一个弱冻雨年,反之,则为强冻雨年。 相似文献
2.
利用贵州84个国家气象观测站逐日观测资料,NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料以及英国Hadley中心全球逐月海温（HadISST）资料,对中国西南贵州地区冬季凝冻日数的气候特征及其异常成因进行了研究。结果表明：贵州地区有69个站点（占比85.2%）的单次凝冻过程最长连续日数和63个站点（占比77.8%）的冬季凝冻总日数极值出现在1976年、 1983年和2007年,其中以威宁的66 d(1976年)和39 d(2007年)为最多;贵州地区冬季凝冻日数的主模态（方差65.04%）呈全区一致型分布,大值中心位于贵州中部;在贵州地区冬季凝冻日数异常偏多年,欧亚中高纬地区的乌拉尔山阻塞高压和东亚大槽共同作用在东亚地区形成稳定的经向环流,而中亚地区低值系统活跃并引导阻塞高压和蒙古冷高压前部的冷空气南下,在贵州及其以北地区的对流层低层形成浅薄的异常冷垫。同时,来自孟加拉湾和南海的对流层低层暖湿气流在异常环流圈作用下沿着云贵准静止锋锋区附近的冷空气堆边缘爬行抬升,在贵州上空对流层中形成上暖下冷的不稳定垂直层结异常,导致贵州冬季凝冻的形成。此外,分别来自上游的北大西洋地区和低纬热带地区的波扰动能量传播... 相似文献
3.
《贵州气象》2017,(3)
利用1983—2013年12月—次年2月贵州省84站凝冻过程观测资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,采用EOF、聚类分析、Lamb-Jenkinson环流分型等方法,分析了贵州省冬季凝冻过程的空间分布特征和冬季环流分型。结果表明:贵州省中部一线的区域凝冻发生频率最高,安顺西部至黔南州西南部区域凝冻持续时间最长,贵州北部及东南部部分地区凝冻发生频率较低且持续时间短,因此受灾程度最轻。全省各站冬季凝冻日数一致偏多或偏少的情况所占比例接近80%。以贵州冬季凝冻过程中凝冻日数为研究对象,可划分为4类,即特重凝冻区、重凝冻区、中凝冻区和轻凝冻区。Lamb-Jenkinson环流分型方法适用于贵州区域,在贵州冬季凝冻过程中W型环流占98.1%。12—次年2月各月W型环流所占百分率依次为92.7%、95.5%和95.0%,Lamb-Jenkinson环流分型结果可以更准确地体现贵州区域冬季各类环流的型态特征。 相似文献
4.
贵州冬季冻雨的大尺度环流特征及海温异常的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(5)
利用1981-2013年贵州冬季冻雨资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA海温资料等,分析了影响贵州冬季冻雨日数的大尺度环流系统,讨论了海温异常对冬季冻雨日数的可能影响。基于赤道中东太平洋海温异常建立冬季冻雨日数的预测模型,并检验了模型的预测能力。研究表明:贵州冬季冻雨日数偏多(少)年,大气环流异常呈现出西伯利亚高压偏强(弱)、东亚地区海陆气压差偏大(小)的强(弱)东亚冬季风环流特征,同期印缅槽偏强(弱)、东亚副热带急流偏强(弱)。贵州冬季冻雨日数多寡与ENSO事件存在密切联系,秋、冬季赤道中东太平洋冷(暖)海温发展有利于冬季冻雨日数偏多(少)。前期秋季赤道太平洋Ni?o区海温异常是显著影响贵州冬季冻雨日数的年际预报信号,对贵州冬季冻雨日数的多寡具有较好的预测指示意义。 相似文献
5.
利用1961～2004年冬季贵州省84个测站凝冻日数资料,分析了2004年冬季(2004年12月～2005年2月)贵州省凝冻天气的时空分布特征,结果表明2004年冬季在省的中部一线有3个明显的重凝冻中心,主要出现了6次持续凝冻天气过程,其中强度最强、持续时间最长、影响范围最严重的是2004年12月23日到2005年1月2日的凝冻天气过程,6个测站达到特重级凝冻标准;与过去40a相比,省的中部一线较常年同期明显偏重,全省平均凝冻日数也是20世纪90年代以来较重的年份,凝冻集中期全省平均温度是1986年以来最冷的一年.分析这6次凝冻天气过程的天气系统,都是有偏北路径冷空气南下影响贵州,在贵州南部形成静止锋;同时高空有低槽东移影响,并且有冷空气不断补充,静止锋活跃,使凝冻天气得以持续. 相似文献
6.
贵州夏季暴雨的气候特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用贵州52个测站的1961-2006年历年夏季（6-8月）逐日降水资料,分析了贵州夏季暴雨的时空分布特征、周期振荡及其突变特征。结果表明：46 a来贵州夏季暴雨量呈增加趋势,并存在明显的年际、年代际变化特征;暴雨日数和暴雨量在1985年发生突变;暴雨日数和暴雨量均存在15 a和准10 a的周期振荡;暴雨日数和暴雨量EOF分解的第一特征向量的荷载场空间分布基本一致,表明全省呈偏多（少）的一致型同位相分布。 相似文献
7.
利用贵州52个测站的1961-2006年历年夏季（6-8月）逐日降水资料,分析了贵州夏季暴雨的时空分布特征、周期振荡及其突变特征。结果表明：46 a来贵州夏季暴雨量呈增加趋势,并存在明显的年际、年代际变化特征;暴雨日数和暴雨量在1985年发生突变;暴雨日数和暴雨量均存在15 a和准10 a的周期振荡;暴雨日数和暴雨量EOF分解的第一特征向量的荷载场空间分布基本一致,表明全省呈偏多（少）的一致型同位相分布。 相似文献
8.
掌握冻雨的时空分布特征对于电力、交通、通信、农林等部门具有较高的指导意义。前期冻雨研究多基于站点观测资料,受限于该资料长度较短、分布不均与部分缺失等因素,目前对我国冻雨时空分布特征的认识可能尚存不足。新一代ERA5再分析资料中包含了其他再分析资料所未提供的冻雨资料,为进一步认识我国冻雨时空分布特征提供了可能。本文使用ERA5冻雨资料分析了1979～2020年我国年冻雨日数和年冻雨量的时空分布特征,结果表明:我国年冻雨日数和年冻雨量集中分布在贵州、湖南等地,直接影响7条“西电东送”特高压直流输电线路,影响长度总计约4900 km;冻雨集中分布地区的年冻雨日数及年冻雨量均呈下降趋势;年冻雨日数EOF（Empirical Orthogonal Function）第一模态（方差贡献36.96%）主要分布在黑河—腾冲线以东,总体呈下降趋势,且以秦岭—淮河线为界呈南北反相分布;年冻雨日数EOF第二模态（方差贡献11.56%）反映出中国冻雨集中地区的2个局地反相分布区,位相交替周期为1~5年;年冻雨量EOF模态的时空特征同年冻雨日数类似。 相似文献
9.
该文利用1981—2010年贵州冬季的日降水资料以及冻雨资料分析了近30 a发生冻雨天气日数的统计特征。研究表明:无论是各年冻雨发生频次还是30 a总频次,开阳地区都为最多,在趋势检验中,开阳和乌当地区虽有明显的减少趋势,但并未通过95%信度检验,只有贵阳有显著增多的趋势,空间分布呈由贵阳向外发散逐渐减少趋势。根据各月的统计特征表明,各地区冻雨主要发生在1、2月,并且开阳在各月相对其他地区发生冻雨概率最大,花溪最小。总体来看,在全市冻雨发生频次无明显增多或减少趋势,冻雨发生频次的主周期为4 a,第二显著周期为12 a,各级冻雨频次的空间分布均呈由东北向西南减少的趋势。 相似文献
10.
利用1961~2019年贵阳8个地面观测站冬季（12月~次年2月）雨凇观测资料和北半球500hPa高度场、全球气温场及欧亚水平风场资料,通过EOF、M-K、小波及合成分析方法,对贵阳冬季凝冻日数的时空特征及其与北半球500hPa高度场、全球海温场及欧亚水平风场的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:近59年贵阳市冬季及各月平均凝冻日数为10.7d,由西南部向东北部逐渐增多,开阳东北部凝冻日数达到20d以上;凝冻日数变化趋势具有高度一致性,12月与冬季凝冻日数变化为显著正相关,突变多发于20世纪70~80年代末,在1980~1990年及2005~2015年出现4a的显著周期变化;强凝冻年500hPa高度距平合成场欧亚大陆的位势高度呈现“北高南低”分布,强弱年差值距平场欧亚大陆中高纬地区表现为“北正南负”,北半球高纬度地区格陵兰、北美及乌拉尔山-西伯利亚一带为正距平;强凝冻年赤道中东太平洋秋季海温距平为负,引起纬向环流加强,水汽交换增加;高层辐散低层辐合以及偏北强风带南下低空冷锋生成,利于西南水汽输送到云贵高原东北部与北方的冷空气交汇,为凝冻产生创造了条件。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献