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利用雷达进行风暴的识别,跟踪,分析和临近预报的方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了以体积扫描的天气雷达资料为基础而建立的一种对雷暴的实时自动识别、跟踪和短时预报的方法，重点介绍该方法的一些基本概念，文中“风暴”被定义为其反射率和大小超过临界值的一邻接区域，用这种方式定义的风暴可以离散的观测时间间隔的资料来识别。按照某些几何逻辑关系去处理风暴的合并与分裂，用一种最优化方案使某一时刻的风暴与以后时刻的风暴相配对，风暴位置和大小的短时预报采用了对风暴路径历史资料进行加权线性拟合 相似文献
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以中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室的区域雷达组网三维数字产品为基础,采用区域增长法实现二维风暴的识别,进而在垂直方向上进行关联以实现三维风暴的识别,并提取三维风暴的特征参数对相邻时刻的风暴进行跟踪,在此基础上对风暴未来时刻的位置及大小进行预报。个例分析结果表明:(1)用区域增长法及垂直方向的投影关联法能够实现三维风暴的自动识别,从风暴特征参数随时间的变化可以看出,体积的变化是风暴不同发展阶段的主要特征,而风暴的平均反射率因子及最大反射率因子随时间的变化特征不明显;(2)采用最优法对相邻时刻的风暴进行匹配,并考虑了合并与分裂的情况,与观测资料的对比可以看出,跟踪还是比较合理,在风暴发生合并或分裂的情况下也能够正确跟踪。对风暴历史时刻的位置通过最小二乘拟合法得到的风暴移向、移速随时间的变化曲线比较光滑,没有出现跳变的现象。(3)风暴位置的预报要好于风暴大小及VIL的预报,其主要原因是由于风暴在不断地发展变化,其合并、分裂也是经常发生的,对于未来发展趋势的预报,仅根据风暴历史时刻的发展趋势还是很难预报的。总体来说,预报误差随预报时效的增大而增加。 相似文献
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临近预报系统(SWIFT)中风暴产品的设计及应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
介绍了临近预报系统"SWIFT"(Severe Weather Integrated Forecasting Tools)中的风暴产品的设计,包括风暴识别、风暴追踪和风暴预报。在识别风暴时,采用了多反射率因子阈值、特征核抽取和相近单体处理技术,并保留远距离上的强的2D风暴,该方法在面对成串或成簇多单体时,能够分离多个单体核,并准确定位。在风暴追踪和预报算法中,对当前时刻识别出来的风暴,利用匹配方案,将其与前1时刻的风暴建立对应关系,追寻历史轨迹,匹配方案是在空间位置相关的前提下,按照相似原则进行;风暴预报采用TREC(Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation)技术获取的移动矢量场进行外推,提供未来1小时内的风暴移动位置。在北京奥运会天气预报示范项目(Forecast Demonstration Project,简称FDP)第二次测试期间,该风暴产品得到应用。分析表明:在预报时效为30分钟时,风暴产品在X轴和Y轴上的平均绝对误差为7.1和6.2 km,样本数为3891个;随着预报时效的增加,风暴产品的平均绝对误差增大,且在经向上的误差略大于纬向上;在径向上,风暴产品的预报出现了系统性的偏慢,而在纬向上,预报出现了系统性的偏快。 相似文献
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基于雷达回波拼图资料的风暴单体和中尺度对流系统识别、跟踪及预报技术 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
以中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室的区域雷达组网三维数字产品作为数据输入,在雷达基数据的SCIT(The Strom Cell Identification and Tracking)算法基础上,完成了三维格点风暴单体识别、追踪和预报,用Davis发展的客观诊断评估方法识别雷达拼图资料中的中尺度对流系统,实现了雷达数据的中尺度对流系统识别、跟踪和预报,并利用这两种方法对多个强天气过程进行风暴和中尺度对流系统识别、跟踪及预报.在单雷达区域内用原SCIT和修改后的SCIT算法做了风暴单体定量识别检验.结果表明,(1)修改后的SCIT算法能够实现三维风暴的自动识别、跟踪和预报,在单雷达区域内与原算法识别风暴数量大体相当,中尺度对流系统识别方法能够实现中尺度对流系统的自动识别,并完成跟踪和预报;(2)SCIT算法预报误差较小,中尺度对流系统算法预报误差相对较大,它们的预报误差随时间延长而增大. 相似文献
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介绍了临近预报系统“雨燕”中的风暴系列算法, 包括风暴识别、 风暴追踪、 基于TREC技术的风暴位置预报, 以及预报位置实时评分算法等。利用2008年北京奥运期间出现的多个强对流天气, 统计出该风暴产品在30 min和60 min预报时效的绝对距离误差分别约为13 km和23 km。分析了北京奥运天气预报示范项目期间该风暴产品误差较大的原因, 主要集中于TREC技术本身及其适用范围, 以及风暴预报方案中处理细节的不足, 具体为TREC技术不适用于孤立的回波单体, 雷达探测边界对TREC技术的影响, TREC矢量有时呈现出一定的空间不连续性, 以及对孤立少动单体的不当处理等。针对上述原因, 提出了一系列的改进方案, 包括对用于风暴位置预报的TREC矢量增加一致性检验, 利用风暴的历史轨迹校正不恰当的TREC矢量; 对TREC技术中象素阵列大小进行统计分析, 选择最适合北京地区的阵列大小; 风暴预报位置超出回波范围时新的处理技巧等。利用北京奥运期间的强对流资料, 对改进后的风暴算法进行评估。结果表明, 一方面, 改进后的算法能较好地控制风暴预报位置的绝对误差, 在30 min和60 min预报时效, 绝对误差分别减小了25%和26%。另一方面, 由于预报位置精度的提高, 能够提升相邻时刻风暴匹配的效率, 使得与以前算法相比有更多的风暴样本参与了各个预报时效的评分。 相似文献
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基于数学形态学的三维风暴体自动识别方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
基于雷达数据的风暴体识别、追踪及预警方法是重要的临近预报技术之一,其中准确的风暴体自动识别是进行风暴体自动追踪和预警的前提。在风暴体识别中常会碰到的两个问题是:虚假合并和从风暴簇中分离出相距较近的风暴单体。美国国家大气科学研究中心提出的TITAN(Thunderstorm Identification,Tracking,Analysis,and Nowcasting)算法使用单阈值进行识别,容易将相邻的多单体回波识别为一个风暴体。美国国家强风暴实验室提出的SCIT(Storm Cell Identification and Tracking)算法使用7个反射率因子阈值进行识别,可以较好地分离出风暴簇中的风暴单体,但它直接抛弃了低阈值的识别结果,导致风暴体内部结构信息的丢失。SCIT的这种识别策略可能会使处于初生阶段、强度较低的风暴体被错误地抛弃掉。TITAN和SCIT都无法完全识别出相邻风暴的虚假合并。为了解决这两个问题,文章提出了基于数学形态学的识别方法。该方法首先使用第1级阈值进行单阈值识别;其次,对识别得到的风暴体执行基于动态卷积模板的腐蚀操作,以消除虚假合并;然后,使用高一级阈值进行识别,并对识别得到的风暴体进行膨胀操作,当风暴体的边界在膨胀的过程中相互之间接触,或接触到了原来较低阈值识别的风暴体的边界时,则停止膨胀过程;最后,逐次使用更高级别的阈值进行识别,并在每一级阈值的识别过程中执行腐蚀和膨胀操作。试验结果表明,通过在多阈值识别的过程中综合使用膨胀和腐蚀操作,基于数学形态学的三维风暴体识别方法不仅能够成功地识别出风暴体的虚假合并,同时还能在从风暴簇中分离出相距较近的风暴单体时,尽可能多地保留风暴单体的内部结构信息。 相似文献
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VIL中心区自动识别、跟踪和临近预报 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
利用多普勒天气雷达体扫数据资料计算垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)，用逐步增大初始阈值法识别VIL中心区；利用动态预测面积比法、分类跟踪法以及中心区面积守恒原则相结合的方法对中心区进行跟踪；运用线性最小二乘法、线性集成法和线性外推法对中心区的重心位置进行临近预报。实例结果表明：所使用的方法能很好地识别、跟踪和预报VIL中心区。 相似文献
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风暴的多普勒雷达自动识别 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
3种基于雷达的风暴自动识别方法:(1)美国WSR-88D Build 7.0风暴算法,它利用多个预设阈值来检验回波的强度和连续性,以构造具有三维连续结构的风暴,该方法在风暴合并、分裂以及多个单体相距较近时误差较大。(2)为美国WSR-88D Biuld 9.0风暴算法(B9SI),它用7个反射率因子识别阈值替代此前唯一的一个反射率因子阈值,增加了特征核抽取和相近单体处理技术,并保留远距离上的强的2D分量。该方法在面对成串或成簇多单体时,能够识别出多个单体核,并准确定位。B9SI没有考虑反射率因子纹理结构和空间梯度的变化,也没有利用径向速度资料,因此无法描述风暴对流的发展状况。(3)CSI方法,它在降低B9SI反射率因子识别阈值的基础上,利用模糊逻辑技术对B9SI输出结果和雷达基资料做进一步的处理,以计算描述风暴对流发展强弱的对流指数。CSI首先提取一组最能描述风暴对流性特征的物理量,包括反射率因子纹理结构、反射率因子空间变化率、垂直积分含水量和径向速度标准方差,并分配权重;其次,利用每一个物理量的统计结果,结合其物理意义,设计出相应的隶属函数,以计算风暴与该物理量描述的对流性特征相匹配的概率;最后对多个概率值进行加权平均即得对流指数。此外,计算了2004年8月11日发生在广州的超级单体演变过程中的对流指数,分析表明:对流指数两次加大对应了超级单体的合并增长和辐合增长过程;风暴最强盛时对流指数为0.744;随后对流指数减小,雷达观测到的最大反射率因子对应高度明显降低,地面上开始出现大范围的强降水。 相似文献
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“2011.7.14”沈阳短时强降水多普勒雷达回波特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了更好的预报、预警超级风暴单体引起的短时强降水,利用沈阳棋盘山多普勒雷达、营口多普勒雷达和自动站及地面、高空等气象资料,对2011年7月14日沈阳强降水超级单体风暴进行分析。结果表明：地面辐合线和切变线提前于降水2 h产生,而且地面辐合线和切变线的位置与风暴的生成位置重合。强对流风暴具有超级单体风暴特征,风暴出现弓形回波;速度图上存在“v”型入流缺口,相应速度场上出现中气旋,营口雷达基本反射率最大值达到61 dBz,反射率因子垂直剖面出现弱回波区和回波悬垂。当雷达回波发现中气旋,并预计此中气旋能维持1 h左右或者雷达回波发现弓形回波,沈阳棋盘山雷达基本反射率强度超过45 dBz时,可发布短时暴雨或雷雨大风等强对流气象灾害预警。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献