共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
河西走廊风能资源可持续性的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用河西走廊地区风速气候资料和风塔精细资料,通过分析该区域风速演变,探讨风能资源的可持续性。研究表明,河西走廊地区的环境风速比较稳定,在气候上没有明显的减小趋势,根据对未来风速变化的预测及河西走廊独特的地理、人文环境,初步推断河西地区风能资源具有很好的持续性。 相似文献
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一、气候概况(一)气候特点1989年甘肃的气候特点是:气温绝大部分地区正常;降水大部地区偏少;日照河西三地区正常,省内其余地区偏少;灾害性天气虽多但危害较轻。按季节来说,前冬暖,后冬冷,冬季降水明显偏多;春寒、仲春多 相似文献
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春小麦是我省河西地区的主要商品粮。常年播种面积450万亩,占全省春麦总播种面积的45％左右,因此它的丰欠事关大局。本文用统计分析方法,探讨河西三种麦区气候要素变动与产量之间的关系,找出影响产量的气候原因、关键期及主导因素等。在此基础上,建立各区气候——产量模型,并进行气候种植区划。河西不同类型麦区气候差异很大。沿沙漠区幼穗分化期及灌浆期高温、干热风是影 相似文献
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甘肃春小麦产量时空分布及其气候响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用近45 a甘肃省78县区春小麦实际产量生长期(3～6月)气温、降水和日照时数等资料,主要采用REOF和小波分析等方法,分析春小麦产量时空演变及气候响应。结果表明:1)甘肃春小麦产量由西向东、由北到南产量递减;2)存在河东、河西2个特别区域,春小麦在河西走廊地区高产而稳定,河东地区明显产量低且不稳定,陇中黄土高原地区最为突出;河西走廊区域产量变化与陇中反向,及河西产量偏高年份河东反而偏低,反之亦然。河东地区相关程度很高,产量变化与河西反向;3)河西走廊地区对气温响应敏感,甘肃黄土高原地区对干湿(降水)的变化敏感;4)响应最敏感区产量1991年之前变幅较小,之后变幅加大;丰欠年份相间,存在2～3 a的准振荡周期。 相似文献
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通过对西北地区明清时期史料的系统查阅,收集到1500—1910年西北地区沙尘天气记录年份137个,最终确定沙尘天气最终数量为250次。分析发现,1500—1910年西北地区的沙尘天气呈波动之势,其中17、19世纪沙尘天气频发态势明显;季节以春季为多;空间分布以甘肃河西走廊、陇东、宁夏北部和南部、陕北、关中一带沙尘记载较多,其中以甘肃民勤为最;沙尘天气与气温的反相关明显,与气候干湿变化的关系在河西地区需要进一步研究,在陕西地区有较为明显的相关性。 相似文献
6.
一、气候概述(一)气候特征1983年我省主要气候特征是:冬季干冷;春季低温,多寒潮,河西局地轻旱,河东普遍多雨,大部地区气候适宜;夏季低温,日照偏少,河西及中部多雨,陇东伏早,局地冰雹频繁、暴洪成灾,河西无干热风影响;秋季温度偏高,河东阴雨连绵,河西秋高气爽。 相似文献
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提出了“自然干燥度”和“实际干燥度”的概念,并将两者应用于甘肃黄土高原和河西走廊绿洲的气候植被类型划分,结果表明,实际干燥度确定的上述两类地区的气候植被带,与自然景观大致相符合。 相似文献
11.
Recent progress in studies on land cover change and its regional climatic effects over China during historical times 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The recent progresses on the reconstruction of historical land cover and the studies on regional climatic effects to temperature,precipitation,and the East Asian Monsoon across China were reviewed.Findings show that the land cover in China has been significantly modified by human activities over the last several thousands years,mainly through cropland expansion and forest clearance.The cropland over traditional Chinese agricultural areas increased from 5.32×105 km2 in the mid-17th century to 8.27×105 km2 in... 相似文献
12.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2023,16(2):100297
Soil moisture drought (SMD) directly affects agricultural yield and land water resources. Understanding and predicting the occurrences and evolution of SMD are of great importance for a largely agricultural country such as China. Compared to other drought categories, SMD receives less attention due to the lack of long-term soil moisture datasets. In recent decades, SMD research has been greatly developed in China, benefiting from increased ground and satellite measurements along with state-of-the-art land surface models. Here, the authors provide a brief overview of the recent progress in SMD research in China, focus on historical drought identification and its prediction, and then raise some future perspectives. Based on historical SMD studies, drought frequency has increased overall and drought duration has been prolonged since the 1950s for China as a whole, but they both show substantial temporal variations at the regional scale. Research on SMD prediction has mainly relied on the statistical relationship between soil moisture and climate variables. Few studies based on the dynamical approach in seasonal drought prediction have highlighted the importance of initial conditions and atmospheric forcing datasets. Given the importance of SMD in agricultural practice and water resource management in China, it is necessary to emphasize the following: 1) conducting research on multiple time scales (e.g., from days to the centurial time scale) and cross-regional drought identification research; and 2) developing a SMD prediction system that takes advantage of climate prediction systems, land surface models, and multisource soil moisture datasets.摘要论文回顾了中国土壤湿度干旱 (SMD) 历史重建和季节预测研究进展, 并对未来研究进行了展望. 自1950s年代以来, 全国整体干旱频率增加, 持续时间延长, 且有明显区域特征. SMD预测多是利用土壤湿度与气候变量之间的统计关系, 而少量基于动力学方法的干旱预测研究强调了初始条件和大气强迫数据对季节尺度干旱预测的重要性. 本论文提出: 1) 加强多时间尺度, 跨区域的SMD研究; 2)联合气候预测系统, 陆面模式和多源土壤湿度数据研制SMD预测系统. 相似文献
13.
山西地处气候过渡带,气候敏感、生态脆弱,在全球气候变暖背景下其陆面物理过程受气候波动影响十分明显。本文利用NCAR CCSM IPCC AR4陆面分量模式(CLM)20世纪气候模拟(20C3M)和21世纪SRES A1B排放情景下的模拟结果,对山西省21世纪(2001~2099年)与20世纪(1901~1999年)陆面能量和水文变量进行了对比分析。结果显示:(1)模式模拟出山西地区未来地面温度的空间及时间分布特征。未来山西省地面温度呈明显上升趋势,上升速率冬季大于夏季。空间上,增温幅度冬季自北向南递减,夏季自西向东递减;(2)未来山西省陆面各分量空间上,净辐射通量西北增幅大于东南,降水率和径流率则与其相反,潜热通量与蒸发率一致,西南部增加幅度大,土壤含水率冬夏分布相反,感热通量呈下降趋势,西南下降幅度大;时间上,净辐射通量、潜热通量均表现出不同程度的上升趋势,土壤热通量冬季上升,夏季下降;地表水循环的各分量均呈增加趋势。 相似文献
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气候变暖下四川气候响应及对紫茎泽兰入侵之影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川地处中亚热带,气候温暖湿润。地形地貌复杂,是一个以山地和丘陵为主的农业大省,山地和丘陵约占全省总土地面积的70%。适宜的气候和广阔的农耕土地适宜于农耕,也为外来有害生物的入侵创造了良好的生境。在四川主要农区的川西南山地和四川盆地,于上个世纪80年代中期,一种以紫茎泽兰为代表的入侵性有毒杂草,通过大陆间外来物种的交换和迁徙,先由经云南侵入到攀西与之接壤处,继而快速扩散蔓延,在适宜的气候生态环境下,经短短的20多年时间形成了漫山遍野多处密集成片的单一优势群落,泛滥成灾。随着气候变暖波动变化的加快,紫茎泽兰在进入四川新环境的过程中,自身适应能力在增强,其强大的生长繁殖能力,几乎没有天敌和竞争对手能与之抗争构成制衡。进入21世纪以来,大举犯境四川盆地,大有横行霸道扩张之态势。关注气候变化与紫茎泽兰入侵发展危害的严峻形势,不仅是一个学术难题,更是关系到自然生态、社会经济、人类生活等国计民生安全的社会管理大事。 相似文献
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To reveal the steric sea level change in 20th century historical climate simulations and future climate change projections under the IPCC’s Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, the results of two versions of LASG/IAP’s Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model (FGOALS) are analyzed. Both models reasonably reproduce the mean dynamic sea level features, with a spatial pattern correlation coefficient of 0.97 with the observation. Characteristics of steric sea level changes in the 20th century historical climate simulations and RCP8.5 scenario projections are investigated. The results show that, in the 20th century, negative trends covered most parts of the global ocean. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, global-averaged steric sea level exhibits a pronounced rising trend throughout the 21st century and the general rising trend appears in most parts of the global ocean. The magnitude of the changes in the 21st century is much larger than that in the 20th century. By the year 2100, the global-averaged steric sea level anomaly is 18 cm and 10 cm relative to the year 1850 in the second spectral version of FGOALS (FGOALS-s2) and the second grid-point version of FGOALS (FGOALS-g2), respectively. The separate contribution of the thermosteric and halosteric components from various ocean layers is further evaluated. In the 20th century, the steric sea level changes in FGOALS-s2 (FGOALS-g2) are largely attributed to the thermosteric (halosteric) component relative to the pre-industrial control run. In contrast, in the 21st century, the thermosteric component, mainly from the upper 1000 m, dominates the steric sea level change in both models under the RCP8.5 scenario. In addition, the steric sea level change in the marginal sea of China is attributed to the thermosteric component. 相似文献
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Biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes simulated by six Earth system models of intermediate complexity 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
V. Brovkin M. Claussen E. Driesschaert T. Fichefet D. Kicklighter M. F. Loutre H. D. Matthews N. Ramankutty M. Schaeffer A. Sokolov 《Climate Dynamics》2006,26(6):587-600
Six Earth system models of intermediate complexity that are able to simulate interaction between atmosphere, ocean, and land
surface, were forced with a scenario of land cover changes during the last millennium. In response to historical deforestation
of about 18 million sq km, the models simulate a decrease in global mean annual temperature in the range of 0.13–0.25°C. The
rate of this cooling accelerated during the 19th century, reached a maximum in the first half of the 20th century, and declined
at the end of the 20th century. This trend is explained by temporal and spatial dynamics of land cover changes, as the effect
of deforestation on temperature is less pronounced for tropical than for temperate regions, and reforestation in the northern
temperate areas during the second part of the 20th century partly offset the cooling trend. In most of the models, land cover
changes lead to a decline in annual land evapotranspiration, while seasonal changes are rather equivocal because of spatial
shifts in convergence zones. In the future, reforestation might be chosen as an option for the enhancement of terrestrial
carbon sequestration. Our study indicates that biogeophysical mechanisms need to be accounted for in the assessment of land
management options for climate change mitigation. 相似文献
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Seasonal precipitation changes over the globe during the 20 th century simulated by two versions of the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System(FGOALS) model are assessed. The two model versions differ in terms of their AGCM component, but the remaining parts of the system are almost identical. Both models reasonably reproduce the mean-state features of the timings of the wet and dry seasons and related precipitation amounts, with pattern correlation coefficients of 0.65–0.84 with observations. Globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are analyzed. The results show that wet seasons get wetter and the annual range(precipitation difference between wet and dry seasons) increases during the 20 th century in the two models, with positive trends covering most parts of the globe, which is consistent with observations. However,both models show a moistening dry season, which is opposite to observations. Analysis of the globally averaged moisture budget in the historical climate simulations of the two models shows little change in the horizontal moisture advection in both the wet and dry seasons. The globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are mainly dominated by the changes in evaporation and vertical moisture advection. Evaporation and vertical moisture advection combine to make wet seasons wetter and enhance the annual range. In the dry season, the opposite change of evaporation and vertical moisture advection leads to an insignificant change in precipitation. Vertical moisture advection is the most important term that determines the changes in precipitation, wherein the thermodynamic component is dominant and the dynamic component tends to offset the effect of the thermodynamic component. 相似文献
18.
The contribution of future agricultural trends in the US Midwest to global climate change mitigation
Land use change is a complex response to changing environmental and socioeconomic systems. Historical drivers of land use change include changes in the natural resource availability of a region, changes in economic conditions for production of certain products and changing policies. Most recently, introduction of policy incentives for biofuel production have influenced land use change in the US Midwest, leading to concerns that bioenergy production systems may compete with food production and land conservation. Here we explore how land use may be impacted by future climate mitigation measures by nesting a high resolution agricultural model (EPIC – Environmental Policy Indicator Climate) for the US Midwest within a global integrated assessment model (GCAM – Global Change Assessment Model). This approach is designed to provide greater spatial resolution and detailed agricultural practice information by focusing on the climate mitigation potential of agriculture and land use in a specific region, while retaining the global economic context necessary to understand the far ranging effects of climate mitigation targets. We find that until the simulated carbon prices are very high, the US Midwest has a comparative advantage in producing traditional food and feed crops over bioenergy crops. Overall, the model responds to multiple pressures by adopting a mix of future responses. We also find that the GCAM model is capable of simulations at multiple spatial scales and agricultural technology resolution, which provides the capability to examine regional response to global policy and economic conditions in the context of climate mitigation. 相似文献
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Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Potential Mitigation in Agriculture and Forestry of Tropical and Subtropical China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Tropical and subtropical areas comprise about 23% of the total land area (960 Mha) of China. Of this, about 40% is in forests, 20% is in cropland and another 20% is wasteland. Preliminary estimates of overall sources and sinks of carbon dioxide indicate that current agricultural activities probably constitute a net sink. We estimate that improved agricultural management and wasteland reclamation have the potential to sequester an additional 1.9 Tg CO2-C y-1 or more, largely through increasing productivity and C inputs to soils and conversion of wasteland to agricultural production. We estimate that current forestry activities in the region could sequester about 7 Tg CO2-C y-1. There is also a large potential for increased C sequestration and fossil fuel offsets by conversion of wasteland to fuel wood plantations, on the order of 30-70 Tg C y-1. A number of practices for increasing mitigation of CO2 emissions in the forestry and agricultural sectors are presented. 相似文献