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1.
集合卡尔曼滤波资料同化方法,可以用集合样本统计出随天气形势变化的误差协方差,是当前资料同化领域的研究热点。主要介绍了GRAPES集合卡尔曼滤波资料同化系统的设计以及初步的试验结果。针对集合卡尔曼滤波同化实际观测资料难以实施的问题,采用成批观测同化的顺序同化方法进行多变量的集合卡尔曼滤波同化;为了滤除有限集合数造成的误差相关噪音和缓解求逆矩阵不满秩的问题,在水平和垂直方向都采用了Schur滤波;建立了与GRAPES预报模式的垂直坐标和预报变量一致的模式面集合卡尔曼滤波系统;集合样本的生成考虑了模式变量的空间相关和模式变量之间的相关,通过利用三维变分分析中的控制变量变换得到模式变量扰动场。通过比较GRAPES集合卡尔曼滤波资料同化系统和GRAPES区域三维变分资料同化系统的单点观测资料同化分析结果,对比背景误差相关系数的分布,验证了GRAPES集合卡尔曼滤波系统的正确性。此外,同化区域探空观测资料试验结果表明,GRAPES集合卡尔曼滤波资料同化系统能够得到合理的分析,并且具有实际运行能力。对分析结果进行12h预报表明,GRAPES集合卡尔曼滤波资料同化系统的分析协调性不如三维变分资料同化系统。  相似文献   

2.
在集合卡尔曼滤波方法中,根据预报集合的统计特性提供的预报误差协方差矩阵对资料同化起决定性作用。但协方差矩阵低估会引起资料同化滤波发散问题。通过将集合转换卡尔曼滤波方法和时间局地化的H_∞滤波方法相结合,提出一种基于鲁棒集合滤波思想的资料同化方法,放大转移矩阵的特征值,改善估计效果。主要思路是在集合滤波的框架下,按照鲁棒滤波的最小最大准则,实现同化系统性能的改进。利用非线性Lorenz-96混沌系统,考察集合时间局地化的H_∞滤波在系统参数变化时,对同化系统鲁棒性的影响。结果表明:集合时间局地化的H_∞滤波对系统参数变化具有很好的鲁棒性;与传统的滤波方法相比,鲁棒滤波方法提高了同化的效果。  相似文献   

3.
为有效引入“流依赖”的背景场误差协方差,同时降低集合预报带来的计算量,尝试通过优选与同化时刻天气形势更相似的历史预报样本,并结合预报过程中的时间滞后样本,将两种样本引入集合-变分混合同化系统中,构建基于优选历史预报样本和时间滞后样本的集合-变分混合同化方案。单点观测理想试验表明,优选历史预报样本结合时间滞后样本,既能够缓解样本不足所导致的采样误差,又能够为同化系统提供“流依赖”的背景场误差协方差。连续一周的循环同化及预报试验结果显示,相较于ERA5资料和探空资料,三维变分方案整体表现稍差,样本组合混合同化方案分析场和预报场的均方根误差最小,且比仅用时间滞后样本的混合同化方案有所改进;降水评分整体也表现最优,尤其对中雨和暴雨的模拟改进较明显,较好地模拟出了强降水中心的强度和位置,且改善了降水过报的问题。   相似文献   

4.
GRAPES集合卡尔曼滤波资料同化方法能够分批同化常规观测资料,GRAPES集合卡尔曼滤波同化系统的设计及其与GRAPES三维变分同化系统的对比试验结果表明,GRAPES集合卡尔曼滤波系统能够得到合理的分析,并且具有实际运行能力。在此基础上,进行集合卡尔曼滤波区域同化分析及集合预报试验,对比区域模式面三维变分同化分析预报结果,研究表明,集合卡尔曼滤波分析比三维变分分析具有一定优势,降水预报更接近实况。考察了预报误差特征随天气形势的变化情况,表明预报误差相关场和均方差的分布随着天气形式不同而变化。  相似文献   

5.
混合误差协方差用于集合平方根滤波同化的试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
邱晓滨  邱崇践 《高原气象》2009,28(6):1399-1407
在集合卡尔曼滤波方法中, 根据预报集合统计提供的依流型而变的预报误差协方差对同化起到决定性的作用。但在集合样本容量不足及模式存在系统误差时, 由预报集合估计的预报误差协方差会出现明显偏差。既要减小这种估计偏差对同化产生的影响而又不增加计算量, 一种可供选择的方法是将定常或准定常的高斯型预报误差协方差和由预报集合估计的预报误差协方差加权平均用于集合卡尔曼滤波同化。利用浅水方程模式, 通过观测系统模拟试验检验在不同的模式误差、 集合成员数以及观测密度条件下, 将这种混合预报误差协方差矩阵用于在集合平方根滤波的效果。试验结果表明, 当预报集合成员数较多而模式又无误差时, 不必采用混合的预报误差协方差矩阵, 否则, 采用混合的预报误差协方差矩阵都有可能改进分析和预报。混合预报误差协方差的最优的权重系数与模式误差关系密切, 模式误差越大, 定常预报误差协方差的权重越大。最优的权重系数与集合成员数及观测密度也有一定关系。  相似文献   

6.
针对中国气象局T213全球集合预报系统历史样本较短、极端降水天气预报指数数学模型中气候累积概率分布样本不足的问题,选取气候背景和地理地貌特征较为相似的长江中下游地区,利用扩展时间序列和空间范围的方法,增加T213全球集合预报系统的降水预报气候分布样本数,改进模式降水预报气候累积概率分布,利用2011年6月10—20日集合预报资料进行极端降水天气预报指数预报试验,分析气候累积概率分布敏感性。结果显示:扩展时间序列和空间范围增加模式T213集合预报气候样本数的方法,生成的模式气候累积概率分布较单一格点方法更具代表性,能提高极端降水天气预报指数的识别技巧,并提前8 d发出长江中下游地区极端强降水预报信号。  相似文献   

7.
基于集合和奇异值分解的四维变分同化方法(SVD-En4DVar)的同化效果对采用的预报样本容量有很强的依赖性,其中一个重要原因是在SVD-En4DVar中分析变量被表示为按照扰动预报集合提取的奇异向量作线性展开的形式,这种展开存在截断误差,过少的样本数会造成过大的截断误差。为了在不增加计算量的情况下增加用于同化的样本,从而改善同化效果,本文提出了流依赖的预报样本与定常样本相混合的方法。定常样本有两种生成方法:第一种是按照给定的统计结构给出伪随机扰动场直接叠加到四维背景场上而完全不经过模式积分;第二种是在第一个同化循环时将伪随机扰动场叠加到初始背景场,然后在分析时间窗内积分模式得到扰动预报样本,最后将其中一部分保留不动作为后面同化循环的定常样本。利用浅水方程模式和80个变量的Lorenz-96模式及模拟资料进行数值试验,比较不同样本结构的同化效果。结果表明,在浅水方程模式的同化中,完全采用大容量的定常样本仍然可以得到较好的结果,但对Lorenz-96模式效果不好。采用混合样本后,这两类模式的同化都可以得到较好的结果,在相同的计算时间下,混合样本方法可以明显提高同化精度,其中第二种产生定常样本的方法要好于第一种。  相似文献   

8.
集合Kalman滤波同化理论及其数值试验   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
集合Kalman滤波用于数值试验有着坚实的理论基础.本文介绍了集合Kalman滤波理论及其技术实现, 在此基础上搭建了集合Kalman滤波同化系统, 用MM5模式同化了实测探空资料并作了48 h的预报试验, 并将预报结果与实测值及4D VAR同化的结果作了比较.试验结果表明: 集合Kalman滤波同化探空资料可以改进MM5模式的预报效果, 且集合Kalman滤波同化后模式的预报效果明显优于4D VAR同化后模式的预报效果.  相似文献   

9.
高分辨率中尺度模式集合卡尔曼滤波实际应用的困难是集合预报会耗费大量的时间。而双分辨率集合卡尔曼滤波是由一组低分辨率样本提供同化所需的背景误差协方差矩阵,这种方法可以减少集合预报的时间。为了检验其有效性,文中利用模拟资料,与标准高分辨率集合卡尔曼滤波方法比较。结果表明:在第一个同化时次,两者对500 hPa水平风场和扰动位温场的分析增量场均与真实增量场的高低值中心位置一致,且结构与真实增量场接近,前者(高分辨率集合卡尔曼滤波)的增量值比后者(双分辨率集合卡尔曼滤波)的增量值更接近真实情况;在连续的预报-同化循环试验中,随着同化次数的增加,两种方法分析变量的均方根误差总体上都是下降的,均表现了很好的同化能力,但后者与前者相比仍存在一定的差距;在相同的运行环境下,后者的运行时间仅是前者的1/6。  相似文献   

10.
集合卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波是大气海洋领域两种先进的数据同化方法。理论上讲,粒子滤波克服了集合卡尔曼滤波中先验分布的高斯假定。但现有的关于两种方法的比较研究不够全面和系统,基于简单的洛伦兹63模式,重点对基于确定性集合卡尔曼滤波和均权重粒子滤波的数据同化方法开展对比分析,通过对观测误差和模式误差的不同配置,设计了四组试验着重研究两种方法相同试验条件下的同化效果。试验结果表明:与采用最优膨胀系数的集合卡尔曼滤波的同化方法相比,均权重粒子滤波的均方根误差更加依赖于观测信息的质量,但最优膨胀因子的集合卡尔曼滤波的均方根误差低于粒子滤波同化方法。   相似文献   

11.
In the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation-prediction system, most of the computation time is spent on the prediction runs of ensemble members. A limited or small ensemble size does reduce the computational cost, but an excessively small ensemble size usually leads to filter divergence, especially when there are model errors. In order to improve the efficiency of the EnKF data assimilation-prediction system and prevent it against filter divergence, a time-expanded sampling approach for EnKF based on the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model is used to assimilate simulated sounding data. The approach samples a series of perturbed state vectors from N b member prediction runs not only at the analysis time (as the conventional approach does) but also at equally separated time levels (time interval is Δt) before and after the analysis time with M times. All the above sampled state vectors are used to construct the ensemble and compute the background covariance for the analysis, so the ensemble size is increased from N b to N b+2M×N b=(1+2MN b) without increasing the number of prediction runs (it is still N b). This reduces the computational cost. A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the impact of Δt (the time interval of time-expanded sampling) and M (the maximum sampling times) on the analysis. The results show that if Δt and M are properly selected, the time-expanded sampling approach achieves the similar effect to that from the conventional approach with an ensemble size of (1+2MN b, but the number of prediction runs is greatly reduced.  相似文献   

12.
By sampling perturbed state vectors from each ensemble prediction run at properly selected time levels in the vicinity of the analysis time, the recently proposed time-expanded sampling approach can enlarge the ensemble size without increasing the number of prediction runs and, hence, can reduce the computational cost of an ensemble-based filter. In this study, this approach is tested for the first time with real radar data from a tornadic thunderstorm. In particular, four assimilation experiments were performed to test the time-expanded sampling method against the conventional ensemble sampling method used by ensemble- based filters. In these experiments, the ensemble square-root filter (EnSRF) was used with 45 ensemble members generated by the time-expanded sampling and conventional sampling from 15 and 45 prediction runs, respectively, and quality-controlled radar data were compressed into super-observations with properly reduced spatial resolutions to improve the EnSRF performances. The results show that the time-expanded sampling approach not only can reduce the computational cost but also can improve the accuracy of the analysis, especially when the ensemble size is severely limited due to computational constraints for real-radar data assimilation. These potential merits are consistent with those previously demonstrated by assimilation experiments with simulated data.  相似文献   

13.
This study examines the performance of coupling the deterministic four-dimensional variational assimilation system (4DVAR) with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to produce a superior hybrid approach for data assimilation. The coupled assimilation scheme (E4DVAR) benefits from using the state-dependent uncertainty provided by EnKF while taking advantage of 4DVAR in preventing filter divergence: the 4DVAR analysis produces posterior maximum likelihood solutions through minimization of a cost function about which the ensemble perturbations are transformed, and the resulting ensemble analysis can be propagated forward both for the next assimilation cycle and as a basis for ensemble forecasting. The feasibility and effectiveness of this coupled approach are demonstrated in an idealized model with simulated observations. It is found that the E4DVAR is capable of outperforming both 4DVAR and the EnKF under both perfect- and imperfect-model scenarios. The performance of the coupled scheme is also less sensitive to either the ensemble size or the assimilation window length than those for standard EnKF or 4DVAR implementations.  相似文献   

14.
The computational cost required by the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is much larger than that of some simpler assimilation schemes, such as Optimal Interpolation (OI) or three-dimension variational assimilation (3DVAR). Ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI), a crudely simplified implementation of EnKF, is sometimes used as a substitute in some oceanic applications and requires much less computational time than EnKF. In this paper, to compromise between computational cost and dynamic covariance, we use the idea of ``dressing' a small size dynamical ensemble with a larger number of static ensembles in order to form an approximate dynamic covariance. The term ``dressing' means that a dynamical ensemble seed from model runs is perturbed by adding the anomalies of some static ensembles. This dressing EnKF (DrEnKF for short) scheme is tested in assimilation of real altimetry data in the Pacific using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) over a four-year period. Ten dynamical ensemble seeds are each dressed by 10 static ensemble members selected from a 100-member static ensemble. Results are compared to two EnKF assimilation runs that use 10 and 100 dynamical ensemble members. Both temperature and salinity fields from the DrEnKF and the EnKF are compared to observations from Argo floats and an OI SST dataset. The results show that the DrEnKF and the 100-member EnKF yield similar root mean square errors (RMSE) at every model level. Error covariance matrices from the DrEnKF and the 100-member EnKF are also compared and show good agreement.  相似文献   

15.
Land surface models are often highly nonlinear with model physics that contain parameterized discontinuities. These model attributes severely limit the application of advanced variational data assimilation methods into land data assimilation. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been widely employed for land data assimilation because of its simple conceptual formulation and relative ease of implementation. An updated ensemble-based three-dimensional variational assimilation (En3-DVar) method is proposed for land data assimilation This new method incorporates Monte Carlo sampling strategies into the 3-D variational data assimilation framework. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique is used to efficiently approximate a forecast ensemble produced by the Monte Carlo method in a 3-D space that uses a set of base vectors that span the ensemble. The data assimilation process is thus significantly simplified. Our assimilation experiments indicate that this new En3-DVar method considerably outperforms the EnKF method by increasing assimilation precision. Furthermore, computational costs for the new En3-DVar method are much lower than for the EnKF method.  相似文献   

16.
基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋路径集合预报研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
构建了一个基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋集合预报系统,通过积云参数化方案和边界层参数化方案的9个不同组合,采用MM5模式进行了不同时间的短时预报。对预报结果使用“镜像法”得到18个初始成员,为同化提供初始背景集合。将人造台风作为观测场,同化后的结果作为集合预报的初值,通过不同参数组合的MM5模式进行集合预报。对2003~2004年16个台风个例的分析表明,初始成员产生方法能够对热带气旋的要素场、中心强度和位置进行合理扰动。同化结果使台风强度得到加强,结构更接近实际。基于同化的集合路径预报结果要优于未同化的集合预报。使用“镜像法”增加集合成员提高了预报准确度,路径预报误差在48小时和72小时分别低于200 km和250 km。  相似文献   

17.
集合卡尔曼滤波同化多普勒雷达资料的数值试验   总被引:25,自引:10,他引:25  
利用集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)在云数值模式中同化模拟多普勒雷达资料,并考察了不同条件下EnKF同化方法的性能.结果显示,经过几个同化周期后,EnKF分析结果非常接近真值.单多普勒雷达资料EnKF同化对雷达位置不太敏感,双雷达资料同化结果在同化的初期阶段比单雷达资料同化结果准确.同化由反射率导出的雨水比直接同化反射率资料更有效,联合同化径向速度和雨水有利于提高同化分析效果.协方差对EnKF同化效果起着非常重要的作用,考虑模式全部预报变量与径向速度协方差的同化效果比仅考虑速度场与径向速度协方差的同化效果好.雷达资料缺值降低了同化效果,此时增加地面常规观测资料的同化可以明显提高同化分析效果.EnKF同化技术对雷达观测资料误差不太敏感.初始集合对同化分析有较大影响.EnKF同化受集合大小和观测资料影响半径.同化对模式误差较敏感.利用EnKF同化双多普勒雷达资料,分析了一次梅雨锋暴雨过程的中尺度结构.结果表明,EnKF同化技术能够从双多普勒雷达资料反演暴雨中尺度系统的动力场、热力场和微物理场,反演的风场是较准确的,反演的热力场和微物理场分布也是基本合理的.中低层切变线是此次暴雨的主要动力特征,对流云表现为低层辐合、高层辐散并有垂直上升运动伴随,其热力特征表现为低层是低压区,高层为高压区,中部为暖区而上、下部为冷区,水汽、云水和雨水分别集中在对流云体内、上升气流区和强回波区.  相似文献   

18.
In a limited number of ensembles, some samples do not adequately reflect the true atmospheric state and can in turn affect forecast performance. This study explored the feasibility of sample optimization using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for a simulation of the 2014 Super Typhoon Rammasun, which made landfall in southern China in July 2014. Under the premise of sufficient ensemble spread, keeping samples with a good fit to observations and eliminating those with poor fit can affect the performance of EnKF. In the sample optimization, states were selected based on the sample spatial correlation between the ensemble state and observations. The method discarded ensemble states that were less representative and, to maintain the overall ensemble size, generated new ensemble states by reproducing them from ensemble states with a good fit by adding random noise. Sample selection was performed based on radar echo data. Results showed that applying EnKF with optimized samples improved the estimated track, intensity, precipitation distribution, and inner-core structure of Typhoon Rammasun. Therefore, the authors proposed that distinguishing between samples with good and poor fits is vital for ensemble prediction, suggesting that sample optimization is necessary to the effective use of EnKF.  相似文献   

19.
Using the Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS) implemented at the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), the effect of doubling the ensemble size on the performance of ensemble prediction in the warm season was evaluated. Because a finite ensemble size causes sampling error in the full forecast probability distribution function (PDF), ensemble size is closely related to the efficiency of the ensemble prediction system. Prediction capability according to doubling the ensemble size was evaluated by increasing the number of ensembles from 24 to 48 in MOGREPS implemented at the KMA. The initial analysis perturbations generated by the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) were integrated for 10 days from 22 May to 23 June 2009. Several statistical verification scores were used to measure the accuracy, reliability, and resolution of ensemble probabilistic forecasts for 24 and 48 ensemble member forecasts. Even though the results were not significant, the accuracy of ensemble prediction improved slightly as ensemble size increased, especially for longer forecast times in the Northern Hemisphere. While increasing the number of ensemble members resulted in a slight improvement in resolution as forecast time increased, inconsistent results were obtained for the scores assessing the reliability of ensemble prediction. The overall performance of ensemble prediction in terms of accuracy, resolution, and reliability increased slightly with ensemble size, especially for longer forecast times.  相似文献   

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