共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(5)
由于钓口流路行水时期普遍缺乏对河口和近海的系统观测,基于1976年黄河三角洲实测水深数据和汛期水沙数据,采用EFDC三维数值模式对钓口河口泥沙沉积动力过程进行了数值模拟研究。模型结果表明,钓口河口的羽状流和异重流的时空分布具有显著的潮周期变化特征。受与岸线平行的涨落潮流作用,表层羽状流的侧向摆动幅度较大,河口羽状流输沙主要平行于岸线方向,跨等深线的泥沙输运受到限制。汛期黄河入海的高浓度泥沙在钓口河口形成潜没的异重流,在底层沿河口轴线向北输运泥沙至三角洲前缘区域,泥沙输运通量比表层羽状流的输送通量高出一个数量级,且随着离岸距离的增大而呈指数形式快速衰减。随着水深增大,单宽泥沙通量的衰减速率逐渐减小。计算结果显示,由于汛期高浓度泥沙入海,钓口河口的异重流稳定存在,导致约75%的入海泥沙沉积在10m水深以浅的区域,25%的入海泥沙淤积在三角洲前缘外侧,异重流过程对汛期钓口河口泥沙向深水区输运和沉积具有控制作用。数值模拟结果与前人根据水深变化揭示的三角洲冲淤分布格局一致,与钻孔的沉积记录基本吻合。 相似文献
2.
黄河三角洲海岸及滨海区演变与河口流路、入海水沙的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黄河自1855年夺大清河道入渤海的140多年来，除1938年以前部分时段在河口段以上改道使现三角洲河竭和1938～1947年花园口人为决口夺淮入海外，其余100多年均在现三角洲上行河入海。由于黄河每年都携带巨量泥沙进入河口地区，并且在三角洲面上决口、分汊、改道频繁，使三角洲演变剧烈，海岸变化复杂。黄河输往河口地区的泥沙除一部分淤积在河口附近河道外，其余部分进入河口滨海区，其中大部分快速落淤在河口附近的近岸海域．还有一部分被海洋动力输往较远的海域。因此．黄河三角洲海岸演变与河口流路的变化和入海水沙的变化关系密切。 相似文献
3.
现代黄河三角洲表层沉积物的空间分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(2)
基于近期在黄河三角洲附近海域采集的97个表层沉积物样品的粒度测试结果,研究了黄河三角洲海域表层沉积物的类型和空间分布特征,探讨了沉积物粒度分布特征与物源和沉积动力环境之间的关系。研究结果表明,研究区表层沉积物类型以砂质粉砂和粉砂为主,在绝大部分海域,表层沉积物的偏态表现为正偏和极正偏,分选程度较差,峰态表现为宽和很宽。现行河口三角洲叶瓣周围的表层沉积物以砂质粉砂为主,粒度较粗;而在远离河口的区域表层沉积物以粉砂为主,粒度较细。与20世纪80年代的观测结果相比,受物源供应和沉积环境的共同影响,近期黄河三角洲沿岸的表层沉积物有粗化的趋势,且河口口门区域表层沉积物粗化趋势最为明显。表层沉积物粒度粗化的主要原因是黄河入海泥沙供应不足,导致三角洲沿岸侵蚀加剧;黄河调水调沙以来入海泥沙的粒度变粗,粗颗粒组分在河口口门附近快速堆积。黄河水下三角洲现代沉积速率的分布特征表明,黄河入海沉积物主要在现行河口及三角洲的近岸区域沉积,在15m以深的区域沉积速率较低。同时,还可看出入海泥沙有向北和东北向的运移趋势,与渤海中部泥质沉积以及通过莱州湾向渤海海峡的泥沙输运相对应。粗颗粒沉积物在现行河口三角洲叶瓣的堆积范围与潮流切变锋的位置基本一致,反映了物源供应和沉积动力环境对研究区表层沉积物分布特征的控制性影响。 相似文献
4.
黄河调水调沙期间黄河入海水沙的扩散与通量 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以2007年夏季黄河调水调沙期间黄河三角洲海域3断面连续站及渤海南部24个大面站观测的流场、温度、盐度及含沙量资料为依据,分析了调查区水沙扩散特征,计算了各连续站的拉格朗日余流及泥沙输送单宽通量。结果表明,黄河入海泥沙扩散范围非常有限,主要分布在南至莱州湾西南部、北至北纬38°附近离岸约20km以内的带状沿岸区域;但黄河冲淡水出现大面积扩散,覆盖了整个莱州湾的北部和中部,最远可至龙口附近,黄河入海水沙扩散不同步。在现行河口和钓口流路废弃河口存在两个高浓度泥沙中心,分别对应于黄河入海泥沙和废弃钓口流路海域底质再悬浮产生的两个泥沙来源。河口及三角洲近岸切变锋的阻隔及辐聚作用,是大部分黄河入海泥沙沉积在河口及沿岸13m水深以内的主要动力因素。受余流方向及水体垂向湍动较弱的影响,两个高浓度泥沙中心很少有泥沙交换。冲淡水的大面积扩散主要受表层余环流的影响。余流及悬浮泥沙通量计算显示,夏季黄河入海水沙在近岸主要向东北方向扩散。 相似文献
5.
基于DSAS和FA的1959—2002年黄河三角洲海岸线演变规律及影响因素研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用数字岸线分析系统(DSAS)和岸线分形分析(FA),以不同年份测量的9期历史地图为数据源,对1959—2002年黄河三角洲海岸线长度、形态及变化过程进行了定量分析。结果表明,从1959—1984年黄河三角洲海岸线长度减小,岸线平面轮廓形态变得平滑、简单;从1984—2002年三角洲海岸线长度增加,岸线平面轮廓形态变得曲折、复杂。与此同时,整个三角洲海岸中前进、后退及进退平衡岸线的比例构成变化也具有显著的阶段性。从总体上看,前进岸线所占比例变化呈不断减小趋势,但1980—1984年、1996—2000年曾有两次短暂的突然增大。从岸线变化速率及其空间分布看,三角洲海岸线进退变化于1968—1974年、1992—1996年两度达到或接近平衡状态。根据初步分析,1959—2002年黄河三角洲岸线演变是在黄河入海泥沙总体减少的背景下发生的,受到河口地貌变迁、海岸沉积动力系统的深刻影响。 相似文献
6.
随着我国经济的快速发展，黄河三角洲已经成为重要的石油工业基地和重要的农业开发区，兴建了许多港口和养殖基地。历史证明，由人工控制的黄河尾闾段河道已处于相对稳定状态，在三角洲区的经济发展过程中起了重要的作用。1976年黄河改道由清水沟流路入海以来，该流路已行水20多年，为了保障该区的发展，有关部门提出了稳定流路多年不变的方针，并经专家论证，可以继续使用50-70年。黄河是一条多沙性河流，30多年平均输沙量10.1×108t(1959-1992年)。菜州湾是一个极浅的小海湾，水域面积仅6000km2，平均水深8.6m，水深小于10m的极浅水域约占其总面积的60%。巨量泥沙入海导致河口及其近海区海岸地貌发生重大变化。1977-1992年清水沟流路河口沙嘴向海延伸了约35km，年均延伸速率为2.3km，使原河口区海岸线呈鸟嘴状向海突出，沙嘴南岸形成了一个凹入陆地的次级海湾(图1)。至1990年底，0m线以上造陆面积为453km2(郭永盛等，1992)，沙嘴向海延伸不但改变了该区海岸的走向轮廓，而且引起了沿岸泥沙运动的变化，影响了邻近港口的建设和发展。 相似文献
7.
自1855年黄河入海位置由黄海改为渤海以来,尾闾经历了十余次大的改道,最近的两次大的人工改道分别发生于1976年和1996年。研究了取自黄河水下三角洲的两个沉积物岩心,系统开展了沉积物粒度、210 Pb放射性同位素分析。研究表明:两个沉积物岩心垂向上粒度组成出现突变,它们记录了1976、1996年两次黄河入海口的变迁。其中A19站下段(14.0~24.0cm)属于三角洲沉积,上段(0~14.0cm)属于海岸沉积,记录了1996年黄河从清水沟改道清8汊入海的河口变迁;A25站下段(15.5~24.0cm)属于正常海岸环境沉积,上段(0~15.5cm)属于三角洲沉积,记录了1976年黄河从刁口改道清水沟入海的变动。黄河入海口的变动导致该处沉积物岩心中210Pb曲线复杂化,出现了阶段式、倒置式等形态,该曲线形态与黄河入海口的波动相一致。 相似文献
8.
黄河三角洲海岸剖面类型与演变规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据1976-2002年黄河三角洲滨海区36个断面的地形实测资料以及利津水文站的水沙资料,运用动力地貌学的方法,对黄河三角洲海岸剖面形态及冲淤演变进行了研究。结果表明,黄河三角洲海岸剖面可分为建设型、破坏型和稳定型三种基本类型。建设型海岸分布于行水河口,等深线向海推进的距离取决于入海泥沙的堆积过程与海洋动力对泥沙的侵蚀过程两者之间的对比;破坏型海岸主要分布于停止行河不久的废弃河口附近,剖面侵蚀深度与海洋动力条件尤其是潮流流速大小密切相关;而稳定型海岸主要分布于长时间不行河的湾湾沟口附近和广利河以南岸段,前者受河海动力因素影响较小,而后者主要与莱州湾潮流流场有关。 相似文献
9.
现行黄河三角洲地貌演化已使河口动力环境发生了显著变化,但黄河改道清8汊后,现行河口以及废弃河道清水沟河口动力环境如何变化尚不清楚。基于1976、1995和2002年黄河三角洲实测水深数据,应用Delft3D模型对清水沟流路不同时期冬夏季河口动力环境进行了数值模拟,定量研究了黄河三角洲地貌演化对动力环境的影响。模拟结果表明,黄河现行三角洲地貌演化导致河口动力环境发生了显著变化,1976年河口动力环境弱,随着河嘴向海突出,1995年河口处涨、落潮最大流速较1976年增长了约60%~90%,潮致剪切力增大约2倍,冬季大风条件下浪致剪切力较1976年增加1个数量级,2002年黄河改道清8汊入海后,现行河口处涨、落潮最大流速较1995年减小约20%,潮致剪切力减小1/3,冬季大风条件下浪致剪切力是1995年的1~2倍,而废弃河道河口处涨、落潮最大流速较1995年减小约20%~40%,潮致剪切力减小约20%。黄河三角洲动力环境变化也显著影响了入海泥沙的搬运与沉积,造成清水沟河口呈"南肥北瘦"形态,且废弃后侵蚀速率不断降低。同时,地貌形态与动力环境之间的耦合关系对黄河三角洲冲淤模式的转变有重要影响。 相似文献
10.
河口基面问题的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以黄河河口资料为基础,探讨了影响入海河口相对侵蚀基面的因素问题,主要有四个方面: 1.河口三角洲附近海域的潮汐状况; 2.三角洲上尾闾河段的长度变化; 3.河口尾闾河段的河槽形态; 4.河道入海流量的大小。从短时段看,这些因素对河口演变和三角洲以上河段的冲淤影响十分显著,在探讨短时段演变和冲淤问题时需以此为基础。唯有三角洲岸线全面延伸产生的河口相对基面和堆积性河段逐步升高的趋势,对长时段的演变具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
12.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
13.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
14.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
15.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
16.
Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
17.
N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
18.
Extreme sea levels associated with severe cyclonic storms are common occurrences along the east coast of India. The coastal districts of Orissa have experienced major surges in the past. The recent Paradip super cyclone is one of the most severe cyclones, causing extensive damage to property and loss of lives. Extreme sea levels are major causes for coastal flooding in this region. Damages can be minimized if the extreme sea levels are forecast well in advance. In the present study, we develop a location specific, fine resolution model for the Orissa coast on the lines similar to that of IIT-D storm surge model (Dube et al. 1994). The model runs on a personal computer. The bathymetry for the model is extracted from very fine resolution naval hydrographic charts for the region extending from the south of Orissa to south of West Bengal. A simple drying scheme has also been included in the model in order to avoid the exposure of land near the coast due to strong negative sea surface elevations. An attempt was made in this study to simulate extreme sea levels along the Orissa coast using the data of past severe cyclones. The model results reported in the present study are in good agreement with available observations or estimates. 相似文献
19.
An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(3):145-166
Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data. 相似文献
20.
J. N. Pattan Ch. M. Rao A. A. Migdisov S. Colley N. C. Higgs L. Demidenko 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):155-165
The rare earth element (REE) distribution in nine deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their associated siliceous sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been studied to elucidate the REE relationship among them. Total REE concentration varies from 398-928 ppm in the nodules and 137-235 ppm in the associated sediments, suggesting two- to four-fold enrichment in the nodules compared to associated sediments. REE of nodules and their associated sediments show a positive correlation, suggesting REE are supplied from a common source such as seawater. The positive correlation between REE of nodules and sediments from the CIOB is contrary to the competitive scavenging of REE between nodules and sediment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. REEs in the nodules are carried by Fe, P, and Ti, whereas in the sediment they are carried by P and Mn phases. A similar REE fractionation pattern with middle REE enrichment over heavy and light REE in both the nodules and their associated sediment suggest fractionation is independent of REE abundance and their carrier phases. 相似文献