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1.
对日照市海岸带土壤和表层沉积物中的重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg)进行分析,研究了重金属的分布特征和污染状况。结果表明,日照市海岸带土壤重金属高值区主要分布在城镇居民地和工矿用地,与工业污染物密切相关,海域重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni和Hg高值区主要分布在石臼港和岚山港区附近,明显受粒径制约,但元素Cd、Pb和As在东南海域的富集可能与铁锰氧化物的吸附有关。同时,As元素含量高可能与海域As元素本身背景高有关。城镇地区重金属污染和生态风险分别表现为较高和很高,而郊区农田以及海域分别表现为中等和较低。  相似文献   

2.
为了解三门湾海域表层沉积物重金属的含量和分布特征,本研究对三门湾海域2019年82个站位海域表层沉积物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As及Hg共7种重金属元素的含量进行测定,并对比10年前的数据,分析了元素含量的变化情况,追溯了其主要物质来源。结果表明,三门湾海域表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的平均质量浓度分别是31.33、96.46、29.86、0.116、91.54、13.09、0.06 mg/kg,Cu、Cr的含量相对较高。与2009年相比,2019年三门湾海域表层沉积物Cu、Zn与Cd的含量大体上保持一致,Pb、Cr与As的含量有所上升,Hg的含量显著降低。沉积物重金属含量由近岸向外海依次降低,高值区主要集中在蛇蟠水道口、力洋港与健跳镇附近。运用主成分分析与因子分析对重金属物质来源进行解析的结果表明,重金属物质的来源与人类活动的影响密切相关。  相似文献   

3.
根据日照近海13个站位表层沉积物粒度和重金属含量测试结果,分析了研究区表层沉积物粒度和重金属含量分布特征,采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估了研究区重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险,探讨了重金属的来源和控制因素。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可分为粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂等3种类型,沉积物类型主要呈大致平行岸线的条带状分布,由岸向海依次为粉砂 砂质粉砂 粉砂质砂。研究区表层沉积物中Cr、Zn、Pb、As、Cu、Cd、Hg等重金属的平均含量由高到低依次为45.5、21.8、16.4、8.5、4.8、0.113、0.11 μg/g。从空间分布特征来看,Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb高值区主要出现在付疃河口近岸和研究区中西部海域,Cd和As高值区位于研究区中东部海域。污染状况评估显示,Cr、Cu、Zn、As未出现污染;Cd轻度污染,个别站位达到中度污染,Hg、Pb部分站位呈轻度污染。潜在生态风险等级依次为:Cd>Hg>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn,其中Cd和Hg表现为中生态风险,个别站位Cd为高风险危害。表层沉积物中Cu、Cr、Zn、Hg和Pb元素主要来源于陆源细粒物质的输入,Cd和As元素可能来源于钢铁冶炼、煤炭燃烧、农药、化肥以及海水养殖等。研究区表层沉积物中重金属空间分布主要受物源控制。  相似文献   

4.
分析了山东省荣成市东部桑沟湾及邻近海域200个站位的表层沉积物样品重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn)含量分布特征,采用不同的评价方法,研究了重金属元素对环境的污染情况。结果表明,桑沟湾及邻近海域表层沉积物中多数重金属元素含量由湾内向周围降低,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn平均含量分别为6.51、0.11、64.86、18.05、0.015、27.74、75.21μg/g。海底表层沉积物整体质量较好,重金属污染程度低,潜在生态风险程度低。  相似文献   

5.
分析研究了兴化湾中部表层海水Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量发现,表层海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量均符合海水水质一类标准,对表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、As等6种重金属含量分析表明,6种重金属含量均符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准.表层海水中重金属与环境因子相关性分析表明,6种重金属与环境的相关性在不同季节中存在差异;而表层沉积物中重金属与环境因子的分析表明,重金属具有相近的来源,有机质对沉积物中重金属的含量分布具有重要影响.主成分分析结果表明,兴化湾中部表层沉积物7种重金属主要来源为有机质的降解、沉积环境本身及工业排污的影响,其贡献率分别为59.48%、15.30%、10.98%,3个主成分的贡献率合计达到85.76%.潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As均属轻微生态危害.  相似文献   

6.
基于2017年11月珠江口外陆架海域表层沉积物中Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr等7种重金属元素的调查结果,应用单因子标准指数和地累积指数法评价了研究海域表层沉积物环境质量,采用H?kanson潜在生态风险指数评价法定量评估沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险,并利用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析初步探究了研究海域沉积物中重金属的主要来源。结果表明:研究海域表层沉积物中7种重金属污染物含量均达到海洋沉积物质量一类标准,地累积指数显示研究海域表层沉积物环境整体处于清洁状态,部分站位中的As和Cd属轻度污染。总体来说,研究海域沉积物环境属于低潜在生态风险(综合潜在生态风险系数RI 150)。单项因子潜在生态风险由高到低为Cd Hg As Pb Cu Cr Zn,研究海域西部表层沉积物重金属Cd的潜在生态风险系数均值达到中等潜在生态风险水平。Cr、Cu和Zn元素具有相近来源,主要为工业产生的陆源污染物; Pb、As和Cd元素来源相似,来源于陆源工业和农业污染经大气沉降及海上交通污染;而Hg与其他重金属元素无明显相关。  相似文献   

7.
灌河是苏北地区最大、航运条件最好的入海河流。重金属元素分析显示,灌河口表层沉积物中Hg、As和Cu的含量高于背景值;Pb和Zn的含量接近背景值;Cd的含量低于背景值。其中Hg元素出现了中等程度的生态危害性,而Cr、As、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd等元素的生态危害系数均极低,整个灌河口潮滩地区并没有出现较为严重的重金属生态危害。  相似文献   

8.
基于2019年珠江口海域表层沉积物Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr的分析结果对沉积物重金属污染现状及潜在生态风险进行评价,结合总有机碳TOC、粒度等探讨海域重金属的污染特征及来源,并评估各项重金属元素在底栖生物体内的富集程度。结果表明,所有站点表层沉积物中Hg和Cr含量均符合一类海洋沉积物质量标准,As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn满足二类以上标准。Hg和Cd为主要生态风险贡献因子,均有部分站点属较高和中等潜在生态风险范畴,综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)均值属中等潜在生态风险范畴,近岸海域尤其北部、西部RI值较高。7项重金属含量两两间呈极显著正相关,显示重金属污染具有相近来源,且重金属含量均与TOC含量呈极显著正相关,而与粒度无明显相关性。7项重金属元素在甲壳类和鱼类体内均没有富集,Cd在双壳类体内出现较强富集。  相似文献   

9.
海水养殖池沉积物中重金属形态和生物酶活性的关系研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以连云港市对虾养殖池表层沉积物为研究对象,采用Tessier连续萃取法,研究了表层沉积物中重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Mn)的赋存形态和酶(脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶)活性的相关性。结果表明,重金属Cu和Zn以有机-硫化物结合态为主要的赋存形态,Pb以铁锰氧化物态为主要的赋存形态,Cd以可交换态(平均33.47%)和碳酸盐结合态(平均31.16%)为主要存在形态,Cr和As主要以残渣态存在,Mn的铁锰氧化物态比例最高。脲酶的活性范围为0.45—8.96mg/(g·24h),碱性磷酸酶活性范围为2.45—6.69mg/(g·24h),过氧化氢酶活性范围为0.14—2.36m L/(g·min),转化酶活性范围为0.45—10.45mg/(g·24h)。脲酶活性与Cd、As的可交换态、Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cu、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫化物态之间显著相关;碱性磷酸酶活性与Zn、Cd的铁锰氧化物态显著相关;过氧化氢酶活性与Cd的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态及残渣态、Cu、Cd、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫结合态之间显著相关;转化酶活性与Cu、Cd、As的可交换态、Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cu、Cd、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫化物态、Cd、As的残渣态之间显著相关。酶活性可以用来指示海水养殖池沉积物中重金属的形态转化过程。  相似文献   

10.
通过对丁字湾海域126个表层沉积物重金属(Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Ni)含量的测定及分析,采用潜在生态危害指数法、内梅罗指数法、地质累计指数法等多种评价方法,对研究区海域环境进行评价。结果表明,丁字湾海域表层沉积物中重金属含量主要集中在丁字湾湾口周边海域,Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn平均含量分别为0.02、0.08、8.38、15.31、11.49、60.96、46.42μg/g。利用不同的评价方法,可以看出丁字湾海域表层沉积物重金属元素总体呈未污染—轻微污染的现状,这与区内砂质沉积物广泛分布以及不活跃的人类活动密不可分。  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

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18.
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

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20.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

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