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1.
利用近70a来19个不同年份的水深地形资料,基于GIS技术进行数字化冲淤分析,结合实测水文泥沙资料和人类活动,探讨椒江山溪性强潮河口河床冲淤调整过程。研究表明,近70a来无论是在河床纵横剖面还是在平面上,冲淤调整经历了较明显的四个阶段,可是平面上比纵横剖面上的平均冲淤速率更趋于整体性:(1)以自然作用为主,处于缓慢冲刷状态,冲刷区占65.4%,全区年均冲刷速率为2.3cm/a,年均冲刷量为53.7×104m3;(2)受支流永宁江上游建库蓄水影响,从缓慢冲刷转为较明显的淤积状态,淤积区占66.2%,全区年均淤积速率为2.2cm/a,年均淤积量为50.4×104m3;(3)受航道整治完成的部分工程作用,由淤积又转为轻微冲刷状态,冲刷区占62.6%,全区年均冲刷速率为1.8cm/a,年均冲刷量为41.4×104m3;(4)受航道和支流永宁江的综合整治作用,从轻微冲刷朝加速冲刷方向发展,冲刷区占71.5%,全区年均冲刷速率为5.6cm/a,年均冲刷量为130.8×104m3。这在某种程度上意味着椒江山溪性强潮河口河床冲淤调整受人为影响比受自然影响大。 相似文献
2.
基于DEM的南黄海辐射沙脊群冲淤演变初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1968年(实测时间为1963-1968年)和1979年南黄海辐射沙脊群三丫子港至川腰港1∶200 000海图以及2006年大丰港及其附近1∶50 000海图资料,用Mapinfo进行数字化处理,得到水深点和等深线数据,在Surfer8.0中进行Kriging插值,分别建立水下数字高程模型 (DEM) ,并定量计算1968年至1979年三丫子港至川腰港的冲淤变化,以及西洋潮流通道1968年、1979年和2006年之间的冲淤变化.结果表明:①辐射沙脊群三丫子港至川腰港1968年至1979年全区处于冲淤动态平衡,冲刷量为8.98×109 m3,淤积量为11.38×109 m3.全区平均淤高13 cm/a,年均淤积速率为1 cm,其中以沿岸和东北部淤积为主,沙脊群中心枢纽部位冲淤变化较为频繁,外海大部分区域较为稳定.②西洋潮流通道1968年至1979年以冲刷为主,全区平均冲刷1.05 m,年均冲刷速率为8.0 cm/a;1979年至2006年仍以冲刷为主,全区平均冲刷1.59 m,但年均冲刷速率小于1968年至1979年,为5.9 cm/a. 相似文献
3.
30a来伶仃洋海岸线变迁及海底冲淤变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用Kriging网格化等方法,构建了伶仃洋1990年和2008年2期海底地形四维时空模型,结合210Pb测年,分虎门区、淇澳岛区、伶仃洋浅滩区、伶仃航道区和铜鼓航道周边区等5个亚区定量分析了1975年以来伶仃洋海岸线变迁和海底冲淤时空变化。30a来,全区陆地面积增加216.0km2,水域面积减少84.6km2,滩涂面积减少131.4km2,水域容积减少19 783.7×104 m3,年均淤积量达到477.4×104 m3,河口整体处于不断淤浅萎缩中。5个亚区的年冲淤量分别为-236.6×104,135.3×104,663.7×104,-452.7×104和367.7×104 m3;平均冲淤速率分别为-4.46,0.93,1.27,-5.49和2.93cm/a。虎门区和伶仃航道区总体水深加深,其他区域水深变浅,铜鼓航道周边淤积最为严重。虎门区水深加深主因是自然冲刷和人工采砂,伶仃航道水深加深是人工清淤的结果,铜鼓航道为新开挖的人工航道。受人工疏浚抛泥影响,各航道两侧水深明显变浅,其他区域水深变化系三角洲自然演变结果。随着伶仃洋两岸经济的迅猛发展,人类活动已成为该区海底地形地貌演变的重要因素。 相似文献
4.
利用 1935年、1962年、2005年和 2010年 4个年份的水深地形资料,基于 GI S 技术采用数字化定量冲淤计算和
10m 特征等深线叠加分析,结合实测水文泥沙资料,探讨了象山港口门浅滩冲淤动态趋势。结果表明： 1935-2010年的 75
年间,象山港口门浅滩经历了略微冲刷或冲淤接近平衡、轻微淤积和缓慢淤积的动态调整过程,年均淤积速率 1. 41 cm/ a;东
北和西南两翼边界 10 m 特征等深线分别以年均速率 2. 0 m/ a外移和 0. 2 m/ a内移。近几年来,受所在陆域和梅山岛局部岸段
较大规模围涂造地岸线外移影响,该浅滩淤积速率较明显增加。 相似文献
5.
近岸海床冲淤变化直接反映海区地貌稳定状态,由此影响海区物质迁移及水运资源可持续利用。基于此,本研究通过选择苍南海域不同时期的海图资料,基于ArcGIS平台探讨该海域多尺度海床冲淤过程,为研究区海岸港工建筑规划与评估提供理论指导。主要研究结果包括：苍南海域海床冲淤变化大致分为四个阶段,即1931—1970年大幅淤积,海床净淤积量达到169.47×106m3,淤积强度为5.18 cm/a;1971—2005年海床淤积幅度减弱,海床净淤积量为12.24×106m3,淤积强度为0.41 cm/a;2006—2009年海床由淤转冲,海床净冲刷量为14.70×106m3,冲刷强度为3.60 cm/a;2010—2017年海床持续冲刷,海床净冲刷量为10.17×106m3,冲刷强度为1.33 cm/a。除1931—1970年10 m等深线向海大幅扩张以及1971—2005年10 m等深线有部分向海扩张外,1971—2017年5 m与10 m等深线普遍向陆后退。2006—2017年,位于北关港内的2 m等深线也向陆后退。冲淤结果显示,苍南海域海床未来可能呈现弱侵蚀态势。其中,风暴潮频发导致海床经常性失稳加之长江入海泥沙的减少导致该区域泥沙补给不足,二者共同作用可能是该区域海床由淤积逐渐转为侵蚀的主导因素。 相似文献
6.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(5)
通过分析黄河口利津水文站1950—2006年水文、泥沙资料和1976—2006年利津至清7河段固定断面资料,结果表明:清水沟流路行水以来,进入河口区水沙通量总体偏低,来水来沙更集中于汛期,尤以泥沙量为甚,水沙搭配也较以前畸高;河口河道主槽淤积明显,且绝大部分淤积在CS7-清7河段,全河口段共淤积泥沙量为3.15亿m3,其中汛期淤积1.12亿m3,非汛期淤积2.03亿m3;河口河道主槽冲淤过程可分为4个阶段,即汛期强烈淤积、非汛期适度调整(1976—1979年),汛期强烈冲刷、非汛期强烈淤积(1981—1985年),汛期与非汛期持续淤积(1986—1996年),以及汛期冲刷、非汛期淤积(1996—2006年),并有2年期的"记忆"效应;河口河道主槽冲淤量与径流量、输沙量和来沙系数存在部分线性或秩相关,但来水来沙数量和水沙搭配参数并非为影响主槽冲淤的主要决定性因素,水沙过程、河床边界条件和人类活动干预等因素在主槽冲淤变化过程中起着更为重要的作用。 相似文献
7.
珠江三角洲河道近期冲淤特征初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近20多年,在人为因素影响下,珠江三角洲网河区和口门区的水沙分配发生了 重大变化．水沙东输,加速了伶仃洋的淤积,其年均淤积量、水域缩减面积、滩涂的年 均增长率,分别为磨刀门的2．4倍、1．7倍、6.4倍．网河区河道由淤转冲,过水断面面 积扩大13．9％～31．9％;冲刷速率12～21cm／a． 相似文献
8.
基于瓯江口外潮汐通道区的历史水深地形资料,利用地理信息系统技术,建立不同年份的数字高程模型(DEM),利用DEM进行数字化冲淤定量计算,分析特征地貌冲淤演变过程,并结合水文泥沙条件,对其演变和调整机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明:(1)1933—2005年的72 a间,瓯江口外潮汐通道区底床总体表现为微量冲刷,平均冲刷厚度为27 cm,冲刷速率为0.375 cm/a。(2)特征地貌单元经历了较大幅度的冲淤演变和形态调整,深槽处于较稳定的冲刷拓展过程;温州浅滩持续淤积,近年来人类活动的影响加快其淤积;中沙浅滩和重山沙嘴受冲刷移动最终合二为一。(3)在自然的潮流动力作用下,浅滩与深槽之间进行泥沙交换运移,是研究区滩槽冲淤演变的主要调整机制。 相似文献
9.
近50 a来杭州湾冲淤变化规律与机制研究 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
使用杭州湾1959-2010年的水下地形图, 结合过去数十年来长江入海水沙量和钱塘江河口段冲淤变化状况, 分析了近50 a来杭州湾在长江入海泥沙量锐减和治江围涂等人类活动作用下的冲淤变化规律及其物理机理。结果表明, 乍浦以上区域近50 a来处于较显著的淤积状态, 且有自上向下发展的趋势, 这种淤积主要是由于钱塘江河口治江缩窄工程所引起的;湾内地形发生了局部调整, 部分小型潮流槽脊系统趋于消亡, 地形趋于平坦化, 湾口北部2003年以后有转淤为冲的趋势, 这与长江入海泥沙量锐减和该区域围垦工程等因素有关;1959-2003和2003-2010年两个时段, 湾内泥沙淤积的年平均值分别为0.91×108和1.66×108 m3。对于整个钱塘江河口系统而言, 即自杭州湾湾口至钱塘江河口段的闸口断面, 长江入海泥沙量减少所产生的影响尚不明显, 2003年以后泥沙淤积速率甚至有所上升。杭州湾近50 a的冲淤变化是人为强烈干预下的大流域-河口系统响应与中小流域-河口系统响应的调整结果。 相似文献
10.
基于近年来射阳港区水下地形数据和定点全潮水文观测资料,分析了双导堤建设前后冲淤变化特征,并对其成因进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,研究区近6年来总体上以淤积为主,净淤积量约为65.23×106m3,年均净淤积速率约为7.9 cm/a;淤积区域主要分布于导堤两侧浅水区,侵蚀区域主要分布于导堤口附近。2008-2013年间研究区冲刷、淤积和相对稳定区域面积分别占15%、55%和30%。堤口东侧的SSW02站实测最大流速为1.54 m/s,北堤北部的SSW01站为1.4 m/s,无论是涨潮还是落潮,堤口均大于导堤北侧;导堤产生了沿堤水流和口门回流,改变了导堤两侧附近海域潮流方向并增大了口门处的沉积动力。研究区泥沙运动方式主要表现为波浪掀沙、潮流输沙;区域海流泥沙的沿程落淤和导堤挡流效应导致导堤两侧出现淤积,导堤产生的回流促使堤口冲刷和堤内泥沙回淤。导堤引起的局部流场变化是海底冲淤格局重新分布的主因。 相似文献
11.
2009年作者对中国黄东海海域夏季(7月20日至9月1日)与冬季(12月23日至2月5日)的两个季度月的颗石藻群落与分布进行调查研究。2009年夏季,中国黄东海海域调查区共发现21种颗石藻,其优势物种分别为赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)、纤细伞球藻(Umbellosphaera tenuis)和深水花球藻(Florisphaera profunda)。颗石藻细胞丰度为0.23×103~17.62×103个/L,平均值为2.84×103个/L。2009年冬季,中国黄东海海域调查区共发现20种颗石藻,其优势物种分别为赫氏艾密里藻(E.huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(G.oceanica)、深水花球藻(F.profunda)和纤细伞球藻(U.tenuis)。颗石藻的细胞丰度为0.12×103~35.35×103个/L,平均值为3.84×103个/L。本文系统地研究了颗石藻在我国黄、东海陆架海域的分布(特别是垂直分布),并对其作出了描述与分析,以期为关于中国海颗石藻群落分布等基础性研究提供可靠资料。 相似文献
12.
Based on the wind and hydrographic data obtained by R/V Xiangyanghong 14 duringJune of 1999, the currents in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea are computed by the three dimen-sional non-linear diagnostic, semidiagnostic models and prognostic in the σ coordinate. The computed re-sults show that the density and velocity fields and so on have been adjusted when time is about 3 days,namely the solution of semidiagnostic calculation is obtained. In the northwest part of the computed re-gion, the Huanghai coastal current flows southeastward, and then it flows out the computed region southof Cheju Island. In the west side of the southern part of the computed region, there is other current,which is mainly inshore branch of Taiwan Warm Current, and it flows cyclonically and turns to thenortheast. In the region north of the above two currents, there is a cyclonic eddy southwest of Cheju Is-land, and it has characteristics of high density and low temperature. There is an offshore branch of Tai-wan Warm Current in the west side of the Kuroshio, and it makes a cyclonic meander, then flows north-eastward. The Kuroshio in the East China Sea is stronger, and flows northeastward. Its maximum hori-zontal velocity is 108.5 cm/s at the sea surface, which is located at the northern boundary, and it is106.1 cm/s at 30 m level, 102.2 cm/s at 75 m level and 85.1 cm/s at 200 m level, respectively, whichare all located at the southern boundary. Comparing the results of diagnostic calculation with those ofsemidiagnostic and prognostic calculations indicates that the horizontal velocity field agrees qualitatively,and there is a little difference between them in quantity. The comparison between the computed veloci-ties and the obeered velocities at the mooring station show that they agree each other. 相似文献
13.
The pattern and magnitude of the global ocean overturning circulation is believed to be strongly controlled by the distribution
of diapycnal diffusivity below 1000 m depth. Although wind stress fluctuation is a candidate for the major energy sources
of diapycnal mixing processes, the global distribution of wind-induced diapycnal diffusivity is still uncertain. It has been
believed that internal waves generated by wind stress fluctuations at middle and high latitudes propagate equatorward until
their frequency is twice the local inertial frequency and break down via parametric subharmonic instabilities, causing diapycnal
mixing. In order to check the proposed scenario, we use a vertically two-dimensional primitive equation model to examine the
spatial distribution of “mixing hotspots” caused by wind stress fluctuations. It is shown that most of the wind-induced energy
fed into the ocean interior is dissipated within the top 1000 m depth in the wind-forced area and the energy dissipation rate
at low latitudes is very small. Consequently, the energy supplied to diapycnal mixing processes below 1000 m depth falls short
of the level required to sustain the global ocean overturning circulation. 相似文献
14.
根据2014年1月及2017年2月杭州湾大、小潮水沙资料,计算了流速、含沙量、单宽潮量、单宽输沙量,进而分析了潮周期断面净潮量、净输沙量和区域冲淤分布。研究发现杭州湾涨、落潮平均流速比值整体较20世纪八九十年代增大,绝大部分区域大于1.0,涨潮流相对增强,澉浦南岸和金山北岸尤为显著。含沙量平面上分布澉浦、杭州湾南岸两个高值区(大潮大于3 kg/m3,小潮大于1.3 kg/m3)以及北岸湾口至乍浦之间的低值区(大潮小于2 kg/m3,小潮小于0.9 kg/m3),随潮汛变化显著,最大含沙量浓度通常滞后于急流时刻。各测站涨、落潮量和输沙量呈现“大涨大落”和“大进大出”的特征,造成杭州湾短时间尺度内的“大冲大淤”。大潮两涨两落金山与乍浦、乍浦与澉浦之间区域净输沙量可达几千万吨,净冲淤则在几百万吨。 相似文献
15.
《Marine Policy》2015
This article aims to assess the feasibility of applying the Polluter-Pays Principle (PPP) to its fullest measure in counteracting ship-source pollution in Hong Kong (HK). Ship-source pollution is of chief concern for HK׳s marine environmental protection. A comprehensive legal and policy framework has already been established to control and remedy ship-source pollution; nevertheless, the costs of implementing measures under this framework are largely undertaken by the government or through the public avenue, leading to an inconsistency with PPP, which is a principle rooted in HK environmental policy. Through an intensive literature review and questionnaire survey, the results of this study have revealed that the adequacy and/or effectiveness of the existing legal and policy framework for controlling and remedying ship-source pollution are questionable. In addition, despite varied understandings of PPP, the industry also supports the adoption of innovative legal and policy measures to apply PPP to its fullest measure in order to better control and remedy ship-source pollution. These findings provide useful evidence, and enable meaningful reflection on the existing legal and policy framework covering ship-source pollution. 相似文献
16.
Yimi Zhang Wanyin Wang Linzhi Li Xingang Luo Dingding Wang Tao He Feifei Zhang Jing Ma 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(3):167-188
Owing to the strategic significance of national oil and gas resources, their exploration and production must be prioritized in China. Oil and gas resources are closely related to deep crustal structures, and Moho characteristics influence oil and gas distribution. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between the variation of the Moho surface depth undulation and hydrocarbon basins for the future prediction of their locations. The Moho depth in the study area can be inverted using the Moho depth control information, the Moho gravity anomaly, and the variable density distribution calculated by the infinite plate. Based on these results, the influences of Moho characteristics on petroleum basins were studied. We found that the Moho surface depth undulation deviation and crustal thickness undulation deviation in the hydrocarbon-rich basins are large, and the horizontal gradient deviation of the Moho surface shows a positive linear relationship with oil and gas resources in the basin. The oil-bearing mechanism of the Moho basin is further discussed herein. The Moho uplift area and the slope zone correspond to the distribution of oil and gas fields. The tensile stress produced by the Moho uplift can form tensile fractures or cause tensile fractures on the surface, further developing into a fault or depression basin that receives deposits. The organic matter can become oil and natural gas under suitable chemical and structural conditions. Under the action of groundwater or other dynamic forces, oil and natural gas are gradually transported to the uplift or the buried hill in the depression zone, and oil and gas fields are formed under the condition of good caprock. The research results can provide new insights into the relationship between deep structures and oil and gas basins as well as assist in the strategic planning of oil and gas exploration activities. 相似文献
17.
M. Hourston I.C. Potter R.M. Warwick F.J. Valesini K.R. Clarke 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
This study has determined the ways in which the density, number of species, species composition and trophic structure of free-living nematode assemblages in the subtidal waters of a large southern hemisphere microtidal estuary change spatially and seasonally, and has explored whether those four biotic characteristics are related to certain environmental factors. Based on data derived from samples collected seasonally at 12 sites throughout the estuary, the densities and number of species of nematodes decreased progressively with distance from estuary mouth, to reach a minimum at sites where salinities were most variable, and then increased slightly in the uppermost part of the estuary where salinities were least. Densities were also generally greatest in spring, due largely to increases in the abundance of epistrate-grazing species at this time and thus when the amount of primary food (microphytobenthos) peaked. The spatial distribution of the composition of the nematode assemblages was closely correlated with salinity and, to a lesser extent, grain-size composition and amount of particulate organic material (%POM) in the sediment. Although species composition changed sequentially along the estuary, the change was particularly pronounced between sites above and below the area where salinities started to decline markedly and become more variable and %POM increased markedly. This reflected, in particular, far greater abundances of Spirinia parasitifera at the six downstream sites and of Theristus sp. 1 at the six sites further upstream. Species composition underwent pronounced seasonal cyclical changes at all sites, presumably reflecting interspecific differences in the timing of peak reproduction and thus of recruitment. The trophic structure of the nematode assemblages changed both spatially and temporally in relation to the relative abundance of different food sources. Thus, for example, non-selective deposit feeders, such as Theristus sp. 1, dominated samples in the upper estuary, where %POM was by far the greatest, and was rare or absent at downstream sites. Conversely, epistrate grazers, such as species of the Chromadoridae, were most abundant at downstream sites in spring, when the density of the microphytobenthos reached its maximum. 相似文献
18.
为了对无居民海岛的环境与自然资源进行更好的保护,作者通过对国家政策和学界相关文献的浏览和分析,发现将军民融合战略融入到无居民海岛的环保工作中,将有效弥补《海岛保护法》的缺陷,在促进军民融合发展战略的落实的同时,可以兼顾环境保护效的质量和经济发展的效益,更好地维护国家主权和国家生态安全。 相似文献
19.
1986年秋日本以南和以东海域仔稚鱼的分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９８６年１０～１１月在日本以南和以东海域的４１个测站进行了鱼卵、仔鱼的调查，共采集到９９６尾仔稚鱼，它们隶属于３８科６７种，经济鱼类仔鱼稀少，而大洋性发光鱼类仔鱼十分丰富，其中钻光鱼科和灯笼鱼科分别占仔鱼总数的５０．５０％和３２．３３％。优势种为细钻光鱼、串灯鱼和西明灯鱼，它们分别占仔鱼总数的２５．３０％，１６．４７％和７．５３％。仔鱼的丰度在黑潮流轴外侧边缘及其邻近的大洋域最高，在日本以南的沿岸水域占第二位，而在日本以东的混合水域最低。仔鱼丰度与温、盐度之间有显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
20.
根据 1 959- 1 996年 4- 6月水温资料 ,按 30′× 30′方区统计计算了南黄海 ( 34°～ 37°30′N ,1 2 2°～ 1 2 4°30′E)中层冷水的 8个示性特征值 ,并绘制了平面分布图。分析结果表明 ,南黄海西部中层冷水于 4月形成 ,5月达到盛期 ,6月开始消衰 ,生消规律具有明显的季节性 ;出现的海区为 34°～ 37°30′N ,1 2 4°0 0′E以西 (即黄海暖流向西北伸展路径 )海域 ,具有明显的地域性。同时 ,示性特征的时 -空分布变化还反映出 :在形成期其下方黄海暖流对它的重要影响。这将对于探讨海洋热、动力因子对研究海区中层冷水生消机制奠定了实验基础。 相似文献