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《中国海湾志》是在国家海洋局直接领导下，由国家海洋局一所牵头，经国家海洋局内外300多位专家，历经十年编纂完成的一部分反映我国海湾自然环境要素为主的科学志书。该书获国家海洋局科技进步一等奖，经国家海洋局海洋信息中心检索最新报告：“在世界上还没有类似或相同的著作问世，中国虽有上万卷志书，但以海湾为对象的专门志书还没有发现”。“海湾之有志却自这部著作开始，它填补了中国志书在这方面的空白，确是一个创举”（陈吉余，《中国海湾志》序）。《中国海湾志》共分十四个分册：第一分册辽东半岛海湾；第H分册辽东半岛西部… 相似文献
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浙江5个海湾鱼类分类多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于2014年11月(秋季)和2015年5月(春季)在三门湾开展的渔业资源调查,结合杭州湾、象山湾、台州湾与乐清湾等4个相似的海湾的相关资料作为对照,依据《中国海洋生物名录》分别构建5个海湾的鱼种名录。以分类多样性指数、分类阶元包含指数、G-F多样性指数等进行多维度析。结果表明:平均分类差异指数(Δ+)象山湾最高(56.01),三门湾最低(48.79)。分类变异差异指数(Λ+)亦为象山湾最高(553.83),三门湾最低(313.63),由此可见象山湾鱼类在各分类阶元分布最不均匀,三门湾最均匀。关于分类阶元包含指数,三门湾鱼类的科、属、种的分类阶元包含指数值均较高;在目级水平上,杭州湾鱼类分类阶元包含指数最低,其余分类阶元上象山湾鱼类最低。G-F指数分析结果显示则显示:象山湾G-F指数最高(0.62),杭州湾最低(0.43)。由此得出,在目级水平上台州湾与乐清湾之间相似性最高(0.84),相似性最低的是三门湾与象山湾(0.5);在科级水平上台州湾与乐清湾之间相似性最高(0.71),相似性最低的是象山湾与台州湾(0.54)。综上,象山湾鱼类分类多样性最高,三门湾最低。本文通过揭示5个海湾鱼类多样性特征及差异,以期为鱼类资源的开发、利用、保护和管理等应用研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
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华南岬间砂质海岸稳定性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岬间海湾平衡平面形态规律在海岸长期侵蚀演变预测方面有着广泛的应用,已成为国外研究砂质海岸演变与稳定的重要课题。首先回顾了三种比较典型的经验岬湾形态方程,然后运用当前确定岬间海湾静态平衡形态最广泛使用的经验关系—抛物线关系,对华南31个岬间海湾的稳定状况进行了预测、分类。同时,采用数字岸线分析系统,计算了1990~2000年前后华南岬湾海滩的岸线进退速率,进一步分析、探讨了华南岬间海湾岸滩的稳定状况。 相似文献
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文章从海南岛海湾的数量、分布、海岸地貌类型和成因分类等方面阐述了海南岛海湾的特征。海南岛拥有大小海湾68个,分布在沿海12个市、县,重要海湾有28个;琼北、琼东、琼南及琼西海湾的地貌特征有明显差异;依海湾成因类型,海南海湾分为两个大类,5个亚类,其中原生海湾52个,占76.5%,次生海湾16个,占23.5%;按照海湾的开敞度进行分类,海南岛开敞、半开敞型海湾有55个,占80.9%;封闭、半封闭型海湾13个,占19.1%。在分析海南岛海湾特征基础上对海南岛海湾合理开发利用和保护进行了探讨。 相似文献
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本文根据旅顺地区地质构造特征及其控制的岩性差异,对该区海岸分类如下: 一、开阔海湾岸,包括大潮口湾和羊头湾; 二、泻湖海湾岸,包括双岛湾和旅顺港; 三、岬角海岸,它们是长咀至老铁山西角、黄金山至龙王庙; 四、平直海岸,老铁山岸。 相似文献
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东山湾海水养殖布局变化的遥感研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用Landsat卫星序列遥感数据的监督分类方法,识别与分析了东山湾网箱养殖和延绳式养殖两种海水养殖类型的时空变化。1999—2012年间东山湾海水养殖面积扩大了10倍,大型海藻养殖为主的延绳式养殖面积约为以鱼类与贝类养殖为主的网箱养殖面积的5.6倍。东山湾的养殖布局为适应海湾水质特点而逐年调整,网箱养殖区主要集中在水交换能力较强的湾口,延绳式养殖主要集中在营养盐高、水交换能力略弱的湾内。以大型海藻养殖为主的海水养殖大规模扩展,对海湾富营养化趋势起到缓解作用,但规模过大的海水养殖介入可能诱发主要表现在氮循环上的海湾生态系统不稳定。 相似文献
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以中国海湾扇(Argopecten irradians)贝养殖群体为亲本分别构建了5个配对混交的海湾扇贝混交系,通过5对微卫星分子标记为手段对海湾扇贝卵子在同一个体和不同个体精子间的优先受精问题和不同生命阶段的海湾扇贝混交系杂合子比例的变化进行了研究。结果发现在受精后6 h的担轮幼虫期3个混交系中有2个混交系杂合子显著过剩。5个混交系的1d D形幼虫、20d稚贝、40d稚贝、3个月稚贝以及成贝在自然选择压力下杂合子比例逐渐上升,以壳长计算的杂交优势率也呈逐渐上升趋势,并且各个阶段的杂合子比例同杂交优势率的变化成显著正相关。 相似文献
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山东半岛南岸潮汐汊道式海湾海洋环境特征及开发功能探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文以靖海湾、乳山湾、丁字湾为例,论述了潮汐汉道式海湾的自然形态、水文气象、地质地貌之特性,提出要开发利用海湾,首先必须保护海湾,并提出了海湾开发的四项准则:经济效益;促进经济发展的程度;开发项目对国家和地区的重要程度;对环境的影响。据此,靖海湾、乳山湾、丁字湾开发应以港口运输为主,辅以水产生产。 相似文献
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Shallow bays with soft sediment bottoms are common habitats along the Swedish and Finnish Baltic Sea coastline. These bays undergo a process of geomorphometric evolution with the natural isostatic land-uplift process, whereby open bays and sounds decrease in depth and are gradually isolated from the sea, forming bays with narrow openings. This study tested the relationship between the morphometric isolation of the bays from the sea and the macroinvertebrate fauna community of these bays. Additionally, we tested the specific role of the submerged vegetation as an indicator of the macroinvertebrate fauna community. We chose two environmental factors for the analyses, water exchange of the bays and the taxon richness of the macroflora in the bays. We found a hierarchical relationship between water exchange, flora taxon richness, and fauna biomass and taxon richness using structural equation modelling: decreased biomass and taxon richness of fauna were related to decreased flora taxon richness, which in turn was related to decreased water exchange. Using multivariate redundancy analysis, the two environmental factors included in the model were found to explain 47.7% of the variation in the fauna taxon composition and 57.5% of the variation in the functional feeding groups of the fauna. Along the morphometric isolation gradient of the bays, the fauna assemblages changed from a community dominated by gastropods, bivalves, and crustaceans, to a community mainly consisting of a few insect taxa. Moreover, the proportion of predators, gathering collectors, and shredders increased while that of filtering collectors and scrapers decreased. Our results indicate that the density and taxon richness of macroinvertebrate fauna are higher in less morphometrically isolated bays than in more isolated bays in the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, we suggest that the taxon richness of macroflora can serve as an indicator of the fauna community. 相似文献
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Tag‐recapture studies revealed differences in the growth rate of Haliotis iris between headlands and bays separated by as little as 200 m. Individuals off headlands had a significantly higher incremental growth and reached a higher maximum size than those in bays. These results were consistent with observations of the size composition of H. iris which showed that few individuals of harvestable size (> 125 mm shell length) were found in bays. Differences in the growth rate of H. iris may account for the apparent differences in the size at onset of maturity: individuals off headlands, and from a fast‐growing population off Wellington, reached reproductive maturity at a smaller size compared with those in bays. Yield‐per‐recruit modelling showed greater yields from headlands than bays, but egg‐per‐recruit modelling revealed more egg production was conserved in bays than off headlands. Yields could be increased from bays by decreasing the minimum size to 110 mm. Egg‐ and yield‐per‐recruit models were sensitive to the natural mortality rate (M = 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 compared). The results show that parameters important in the management of commercial fisheries for abalone can vary over small distances: such variation should be incorporated in management strategies for abalone fisheries. 相似文献
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Headland-bay beach equilibrium planform has been a crucial problem abroad to long-term sandy beach evolution and stabilization,extensively applied to forecast long-term coastal erosion evolvement and the influences of coastal engineering as well as long-term coastal management and protection.However,little concern focuses on this in China.The parabolic relationship is the most widely used empirical relationship for determining the static equilibrium shape of headland-bay beaches.This paper utilizes the relation to predict and classify 31 headland-bay beaches and concludes that these bays cannot achieve the ultimate static equilibrium planform in South China.The empirical bay equation can morphologically estimate beach stabilization state,but it is just a referential predictable means and is difficult to evaluate headland-bay shoreline movements in years and decades.By using Digital Shoreline Analysis System suggested by USGS,the rates of shoreline recession and accretion of these different headland-bay beaches are quantitatively calculated from 1990 to 2000.The conclusions of this paper include that (a) most of these 31 bays maintain relatively stable and the rates of erosion and accretion are relatively large with the impact of man-made constructions on estuarine within these bays from 1990 to 2000;(b) two bays,Haimen Bay and Hailingshan Bay,originally in the quasi-static equilibrium planform determined by the parabolic bay shape equation,have been unstable by the influence of coastal engineering;and (c) these 31 bays have different recession and accretion characters occurring in some bays and some segments.On the one hand,some bays totally exhibit accretion,but some bays show erosion on the whole.Shanwei Bay,Houmen Bay,Pinghai Bay and Yazhou Bay have the similar planforms,characterized by less accretion on the sheltering segment and bigger accretion on the transitional and tangential segments.On the other hand,different segments of some bays have two dissimilar evolvement characters.Dacheng Bay,Shenquan Bay,Hudong Bay,Wukan Bay,Fengjia Bay,Wuchang Bay,Lingshui Bay and Tufu Bay produce accretion on the tangential segment,erosion on the transitional segment and accretion on the sheltering segment.However,Guang’ao Bay,Haimen Bay,Jinghai Bay,Sanya Bay(a),Dajiao Bay,Hailingshan Bay,Hebei Bay,Fuhu Bay,Shuidong Bay,Wangcun Bay and Bomao Bay generate erosion on the tangential part,accretion on the transitional part and accretion on the sheltering part.It seems to imply some relations between headland-bay beach evolvement and controls on headland-bay beaches,which may possibly to classify headland-bay beach types and should be further studied. 相似文献
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The seiches occurring in two adjacent bays, Koaziro Bay and Moroiso Bay, situated in Miura Peninsula at the mouth of Tokyo Bay, are very regular, and the phenomenon of beat appears in their amplitudes of oscillation. Nakano once presented a theoretical explanation of this phenomenon, considering two rectangular bays of the same size and form as well as of uniform depth, by assuming that a kind of coupling takes place between the two bays through a portion of water flowing across the mouth of each bay. In the present paper, the validity of the theory has been proved in a series of hydraulic model experiments. The experiments have shown that, in the case of the two adjacent rectangular bays mentioned above, there are two distinct modes of oscillation viz. (i) the co-phasic oscillation and (ii) the contra-phasic oscillation, and since the frequencies of these oscillations are close to each other, when they come to interfere, the beat phenomenon occurs.It has also been found that, when a tsunami wave enters the two bays, the mode of oscillation of the seiches occurring in them changes in the following manner: the co-phasic oscillation the oscillation accompanied with the beat phenomenon the contra-phasic oscillation. As regards this phenomenon, the authors have presented a possible explanation by considering the dissipation of energy due to wave scattering. 相似文献
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基于时空矩阵方法对福建省海湾水质变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于2005—2011年8月和2012—2015年5月、8月的水质监测数据，应用水质指标的主成分分析结果，对福建省海湾划分环境单元，通过时空矩阵方法对福建省海湾水质指标变化特征进行了分析。结果显示:（1）通过主成分分析，4个水质指标聚成两类成分，磷酸盐和叶绿素a聚为一类主成分，硝酸盐和溶解氧聚为另一类主成分；（2）以主成分权重值为坐标，划分福建省海湾表层水体为6个环境单元，以此建立水质指标相对含量的时间序列组合矩阵，对福建省海湾水质指标变化分析；（3）水质指标时空矩阵表现出一定的周期性变化趋势，环境单元的指标变化模式具有同步性，指标含量变化的绝对值从叶绿素a到营养盐再到溶解氧呈轻微增长；（4）两类主成分具有一定相关性，营养水平高低影响营养-浮游植物动态关系，当磷酸盐含量高于0.03 mg/L、硝酸盐含量高于0.25 mg/L，且营养盐时间周期变化显著时，叶绿素a时间周期变化与营养盐发生同步联动效应；（5）夏季福建省海湾水体生产力较低，大量陆源有机物输入、降解耗氧，表层溶解氧含量降低明显；（6）福建省海湾主要受两种性质差异很大的水体影响，富含高营养盐径流水团影响了河口及邻近海域的环境单元，而福建省南部海湾主要受台湾暖流及上升流影响，台湾暖流是东海海域磷酸盐的重要来源。 相似文献
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Krupskaya V. V. Miroshnikov A. Yu. Dorzhieva O. V. Zakusin S. V. Semenkov I. N. Usacheva A. A. 《Oceanology》2017,57(1):215-221
We have analyzed the specific features of the mineralogical composition of bottom sediments of Blagopoluchiya, Tsivol’ki, and Abrosimov bays and soils on Cape Zhelaniya and the coasts of Abrosimov and Stepovoi bays. The data were obtained during two scientific expeditions of the R/V Professor Shtokman in 2014 (cruise 128) and R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2015 (cruise 63). These investigations revealed patterns in the transportation of terrigenous material in the coastal zone of the bays: a decrease in the share of nonclay minerals and an increase in that of clay minerals with distance from shore. The increase in kaolinite and smectite content in soil horizons is related to biochemical weathering, while illite is mainly formed as a result of physical weathering.
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The chemical and biological characteristics of surface waters in Jinhae Bay were investigated over four seasons to understand water quality in light of the growing industrialisation occurring within this area. Jinhae Bay includes four smaller bays: Masan; Hangam; Jindong; and Gohyun. The water quality in Jinhae Bay varied spatially and seasonally. The water quality of both Hangam Bay and Masan Bay was highly degraded, demonstrating high concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon. Contamination from sewage was the dominant cause of the water quality deterioration in these bays. Conversely, the water quality in Jindong Bay and Gohyun Bay was not as severely affected as that of the above two bays. Water quality in Jinhae Bay was particularly poor in summer when nutrient loading was highest due to the run-off associated with high precipitation. Principal component analysis indicated that nitrogen contamination was a major factor influencing the water quality of Jinhae Bay. The effective reduction in high-nitrogen discharges is essential to improve water quality in Jinghae Bay. 相似文献