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1.
东海异养细菌生产力的时空分布 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
1997年 2— 3月和 1 998年 7月 ,在东海海区乘“科学一号”考察船进行两个航次的调查 ,利用异养细菌特异示踪物 [甲基 - 3H]胸腺嘧啶核苷 (3H -Tdr)并入DNA的速率测定东海 (2 7°— 32°N ,1 2 2°— 1 30°E)异养细菌生产力 (BP)。结果表明 ,1 997年 2— 3月 (冬季 )异养细菌生产力较低 [0 46— 2 62 μgC/(L·h) ],1 998年 7月 (夏季 )异养细菌生产力较高 [3 50—1 5 70 μgC/(L·h) ]。冬季和夏季在长江口和 41 0站附近都有一个异养细菌生产力的高值区。通过两个连续站的昼夜观测发现冬季异养细菌生产力变化是底层 >中层 >表层 ,夏季是中层>底层 >表层。异养细菌生产力与初级生产力 (PP)之比 ,即BP PP ,冬季的均值为 0 1 7(0 0 4— 0 30 ) ,夏季的均值为 0 32 (0 2 1— 0 43)。BP PP冬季的高值区在长江口附近 ,夏季的高值区在 1 1 1站附近 ,这与长江冲淡水有密切相关。 相似文献
2.
根据2008年夏季(7月)在大亚湾进行的现场综合调查资料,分析表层海水浮游细菌生物量的水平分布特征,探讨细菌生物量与环境变量的关系。大亚湾夏季浮游细菌生物量变化范围为14.00～118.80μg·L~(-1),海区平均值为55.23±29.43μg·L~(-1)。大亚湾夏季细菌生物量水平分布大体上呈现南部高于北部的趋势,在北纬22°35′以北和以南的海区均各自表现为东南部高于西北部的趋势。水深、硝酸盐、铵盐、亚硝酸盐和总碱度等5个参数与浮游细菌生物量之间存在着中等水平的相关性(0.15P=0.05),表明这些参数能够对浮游细菌生物量分布产生不同重要程度的影响。大亚湾夏季表层浮游细菌生物量和浮游植物生物量的比值变化范围为0.29～3.10,该比值反映了该海区初级生产与细菌二次生产之间的数量大小关系。气候条件、水体交换和人类活动造成大亚湾不同海区复杂多样化的环境条件,从而能够影响大亚湾浮游细菌生物量的水平分布格局。 相似文献
3.
《应用海洋学学报》2010,(1)
从物理过程和营养输送方面讨论了2006～2007年台湾海峡及其邻近海域表层水叶绿素a含量的时空变化特征及其调控因素.结果表明,台湾海峡表层水体从南至北叶绿素a含量的季节变化存在着明显差异.在北部海区叶绿素a含量平均值以春季居高,冬季最低;中部海区以秋季最高,夏季最低;南部较反常,以冬季最高,夏季最低.浙闽沿岸流、海峡暖流及上升流所造成的营养盐输入方式的差异可能是决定海峡叶绿素a含量季节分布南北差异的关键因素.分析结果还表明,春、夏季叶绿素a含量的分布在南部和北部海域均主要受营养盐限制,秋季叶绿素a含量在南部和北部海域分别主要受到磷酸盐含量和水温的影响,冬季叶绿素a含量在南部和北部海域分别主要受到硝酸盐含量和水温的影响. 相似文献
4.
从物理过程和营养输送方面讨论了2006～2007年台湾海峡及其邻近海域表层水叶绿素口含量的时空变化特征及其调控因素．结果表明，台湾海峡表层水体从南至北叶绿素。含量的季节变化存在着明显差异．在北部海区叶绿素口含量平均值以春季居高，冬季最低；中部海区以秋季最高，夏季最低；南部较反常，以冬季最高，夏季最低．浙闽沿岸流、海峡暖流及上升流所造成的营养盐输入方式的差异可能是决定海峡叶绿素口含量季节分布南北差异的关键因素．分析结果还表明，春、夏季叶绿素口含量的分布在南部和北部海域均主要受营养盐限制，秋季叶绿素口含量在南部和北部海域分别主要受到磷酸盐含量和水温的影响，冬季叶绿素α含量在南部和北部海域分别主要受到硝酸盐含量和水温的影响． 相似文献
5.
2004年2~3月和2004年8~9月两个航次中对珠江口及南海北部海域的异养浮游细菌生物量、生产力及其调控机制进行了观测研究.结果表明,营养物质的供应对调查区域真光层水体内的细菌生物量和生产力起着主要控制作用,从而导致冬季航次珠江口-陆架-外海调查断面表层细菌生物量和生产力呈现沿盐度梯度向外海逐渐降低的特征.就南海北部调查区域而言,冬季真光层异养细菌生物量(C)平均为(712±290)mg/m2,夏季平均为(937±397)mg/m2;真光层细菌生产力(C)冬季平均为(65.1±42.8)mg/(m2·d),夏季平均(52.5±28.6)mg/(m2·d).本调查中,南海北部海区IBP和IPP比值范围是4%~96%,平均为26%,IBP和IPP比值与初级生产力呈负相关,其分布特征与新生产力f比的分布趋势相反,显示了异养细菌在真光层物质循环过程中所发挥的作用在南海近岸富营养海域和外海寡营养海域之间的差异. 相似文献
6.
长江冲淡水区细菌生产力研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
为了解细菌在长江口冲淡水区生态系营养动力学过程中的重要作用,笔者于1997年10月10日至20日,1998年5月14日至6月1日在观测海区以及在绿华山海域设置大水体围隔生态系实验装置进行细菌生产力的现场观测研究.结果表明,秋季观测海区平均细菌生产力(C)为(1.44±1.30)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3,B3和C3站.春季测区表层细菌生产力(2.43±1.22)μg/(dm3·h)高于底层(1.01±0.43)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3和B断面诸站.秋、春季平均细菌生产力相当于浮游植物初级生产力的23%.秋季和春季表层细菌数量分别为(5.22×108±0.88×108)个/dm3和(1.97×108±1.10×108)个/dm3.1998年5月18日至6月1日在围隔实验点的自然海区中细菌生产力变幅范围为0.13～5.79μg/(dm3·h),平均值为(2.47±1.60)μg/(dm3·h).围隔装置内加可溶性磷(PO43-)实验,春季细菌生产力由1.28μg/(dm3·h)增长至32.20μg/(dm3·h),其增长幅度低于秋季1.43～43.47μg/(dm3·h).油污染实验中细菌生产力由6.61μg/(dm3·h)增长至37.97μg/(dm3·h),呈逐日上升趋势. 相似文献
7.
用改进的荧光标记技术测定具沟急游虫的摄食速率 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
于1997年10月在厦门西海域采集纤毛虫常见种－具沟急游虫，采用改进的荧光标记法的实验室条件下进行纤毛虫的摄食速度研究，结果表明，改进的荧光标记法具有操作简便，节省昂贵的荧光梁料，固定液浓度易掌握等优点，用该方法在常温下（22℃）测得纤毛虫对细菌和微藻的摄食速率分别为4.224pgC/(cell.h)和5.0pgC/(cell.h)，将此实验结果外推至自然海区，可得台湾海峡南部夏季纤毛虫对细菌，微藻的同化率分别为0.0176mgC/(m^3.d)和0.0201mgC/(m^3.d),北部冬季分别是0.0238mgC/(m^3.d)和0.0272mgC/(m^3.d).在实验条件下，温度较低时（14－26℃）对纤毛虫的摄食速度影响较大，但在较高温度（26－34℃）时差异不明显。 相似文献
8.
春季季风间期巽他陆架和马六甲海峡表层海水浮游植物群落结构研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
于2013年3-5月通过走航取样分别对巽他陆架和马六甲海峡表层海水浮游植物叶绿素a生物量和群落结构进行了观测和研究。结果表明:巽他陆架生物量较低,叶绿素a浓度平均值为(0.083±0.043)μg/L,爪哇海的SS4站位生物量最低,仅为0.014μg/L,浮游植物粒级组成上主要以Pico-级为优势,占80%以上;马六甲海峡自西北至东南存在明显的盐度梯度,在盐度最低的SM5站,叶绿素a生物量最高,达到1.080μg/L;马六甲海峡站位叶绿素a浓度平均值为(0.433±0.315)μg/L,同时浮游植物群落结构变动较大。在海峡西北的SM1-SM4站与巽他海峡类似,主要以聚球藻为优势类群,Pico-级浮游植物占60%~80%;在生物量最高的SM5站,同样以聚球藻为优势类群,而在海峡东南段的SM6和SM7站,虽然叶绿素a浓度相对于SM5略有降低,但仍明显高于其他马六甲海峡站位和巽他陆架站位,此两个站位硅藻比例明显升高,均可达20%以上。从优势类群生物量与环境因子和营养浓度的相关性可以看出,研究海区叶绿素a生物量与水体盐度呈现显著负相关(p0.050),说明陆源输入对研究海区生物量具有明显的影响。另外,硅藻生物量也与磷酸盐浓度(p0.050)和硅酸盐(p0.010)浓度均呈现显著正相关;聚球藻在浮游植物群落中的优势度会受到陆源营养盐输入的影响而降低,但仍然是整个研究区域最优势的浮游植物类群。 相似文献
9.
《海洋预报》2017,(1)
基于1988—2011年CCMP卫星资料对中国海域的风能资源进行分析评估,研究中国海域风能资源的空间格局及气候变化特征,并进行风能资源区划。研究结果表明:(1)中国海域年风功率密度各海域分布在79.2(琼州海峡)~465.8(巴士海峡)W/m~2,其中东海南部、南海东北部和巴士海峡的年平均风功率密度大于400 W/m~2,其次为南海中东部、东海北部、台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面(300~400 W/m~2),渤海海峡、黄海北部、北部湾、渤海和琼州海峡的风功率密度在200 W/m~2以下;(2)DJF期间,中国海区风功率密度平均值最大(412.5 W/m2),大值区的风功率密度达800~1000W/m~2;JJA期间,中国海域风功率密度平均值最小(159.4 W/m~2);(3)1988—2011年中国各海区风功能密度上升趋势为20.8(琼州海峡)~124.7(台湾海峡)W/(m~2?10 a),除南海西南部和南海东南部海区外,其他海区的变化趋势均通过了0.05的显著性检验;(4)中国海域风能资源分区结果表明,中国海区超过80%的海区适合并网风力发电,其中非常适合的海域占海区面积的62.3%。在风电开发技术可控范围内(水深5~50 m),台湾海峡、南海东北近海海区(水深0~50 m)风能资源最丰富,最高处达490 W/m~2,其次是东海北部近海海区(水深20~50 m),风功率密度达300~350 W/m~2。 相似文献
10.
11.
Koji Hamasaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(6):793-799
Recently, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) has been successfully applied to the measurement of bacterial productivity as an alternative
to tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR), which is widely used but often restricted by regulations, particularly in field settings. Here, I report improvements
to existing BrdU methods to simplify procedures and increase sensitivity. The feasibility of the method was tested measuring
bacterial production in low-productive waters. The method provided radioisotope-free measurements of bacterial production
rates at shorter (∼1 h) on-board processing time of samples than previously reported procedures. It was applicable to the
detection of rates ranging from 0.021 to 2.7 pmol BrdU l−1h−1. BrdU incorporation rates measured by immunoassay showed a statistically significant correlation with 3H-TdR incorporation rates measured by radioassay (r = 0.74, n = 24, p < 0.001). The linear regression obtained (BrdU = 0.80[3H-TdR] − 0.016) showed a similar relationship to previously reported regressions (BrdU = 0.65[3H-TdR] + 0.12, [3H-BrdU] = 0.69[3H-TdR] − 0.81). There were no statistically significant differences among these regression lines. These results suggest that
the method described here provides a non-radioisotopic productivity measurement of bacteria in oceanic epipelagic waters,
while retaining continuity of the data with other existing 3H-TdR and BrdU methods. 相似文献
12.
Euphotic zone gross primary production, community respiration and net community production were determined from in vitro changes of dissolved oxygen, and from in vivo INT reduction capacity fractionated into two size classes, in offshore waters along a latitudinal transect crossing the North, Norwegian and Greenland Seas between the UK and Svalbard. Rates of gross primary production were higher and more variable than community respiration, so net autotrophy prevailed in the euphotic zone with an average net community production of 164±64 mmol O2 m−2 d−1. Respiration seemed to be mainly attributed to large eukaryotic cells (>0.8 µm) with smaller cells, mainly bacteria, accounting for a mean of 25% (range 5–48%) of community respiration. Estimates of bacterial growth efficiency were very variable (range 7–69%) due to uncoupling between bacterial respiration and production. Larger cells tended to contribute more towards total respiration in communities with high gross primary production and low community respiration, while bacteria contributed more towards total respiration in communities with lower gross primary production, typical of microbial-dominated systems. This suggests that community respiration is related to the size structure of the plankton community. 相似文献
13.
新一代喹诺酮药物——6—F—喹啉—3—羧酸(商品名齐复康Ⅱ号)对中国对虾幼体的毒性,蚤状幼体、糠虾幼体、仔虾24hLC_(50)分别为16.3、21.3、45.8(×10~(-6));48hLC_(50)分别为8.1、12.5、30.0(×10~(-6));安全浓度(SC)分别为0.6、1.3、3.8(×10~(-6))。试验表明此药对防治对虾幼体细菌性疾病效果明显。0.5×10~(-6)。每天施药一次,连续三天,育苗池水中细菌总数由30750ind./ml减少到6850ind./ml,其中在TCBS培养基上能生长的细菌由22400ind./ml减少到1090ind./ml。 相似文献
14.
海洋微藻除菌及除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点比较 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
于1995年4—12月在中国科学院海洋研究所进行微藻除菌及比较除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点的研究。经平板培养排除霉菌后,利用组合抗生素(青霉素+卡那霉素+链霉素+庆大霉素)获得除菌球等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及小球藻,对抗生素处理前后的微藻生长特点进行比较研究。结果表明,与未除菌时相比,除菌后的球等鞭金藻及小球藻不易老化(可保持良好悬浮30d以上);回加细菌于除菌藻,藻细胞下沉附底,说明细菌可促使微藻细胞老化。无维生素时,除菌后的球等鞭金藻生长更差,暗示未除菌的球等鞭金藻培养液内可能存在产(类)维生素细菌。除菌后三角褐指藻细胞形态发生一定变化,回加细菌后藻细胞形态有部分恢复。与未除菌时相比,除菌后三角褐指藻更能耐受高温(如30℃)。另外,某些抗生素能够刺激球等鞭金藻的生长。 相似文献
15.
Sulfide oxidizing bacterial mats are common in regions of the continental shelves characterized by high primary production and the resultant oxygen minimum zone. These mats are made up of several species of Beggiatoa and/or Thioploca, which oxidize sulfide that is generated in the sediment. Thioploca spp. inhabit a large polysaccharide sheath that encompasses bundles of 1–20 filaments (trichomes), each ranging from 3 to 60 μm in diameter. This sheath has been shown to be a critical component of the autecology of Thioploca. Analysis of Thioploca from cold seeps in Monterey Bay using light and transmission electron microscopy identified new and diverse microbial assemblages associated with interstitial spaces between trichomes, inside the sheath. Small diameter, non‐vacuolate, filamentous prokaryotes were numerous. Amoebae, euglenozoa, ciliates and other protists of unknown affiliation were observed in sheaths. Most of the protists possessed food vacuoles and some protists showed ultrastructural evidence of endosymbionts. These observations suggest that Thioploca sheaths may serve as oases on the sea floor, providing nutritional and detoxification services to previously unrecognized microbial partners. 相似文献
16.
扇贝的养殖环境及其体内的细菌学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自1992年9月～1994年11月，对青岛胶州湾养殖的扇贝及环境中的细菌组成和某些生态学特性进行了调查。养殖区表层海水中异养菌和弧菌平均数各波动于（21．2～39．7）×102／cm3和（7．3～19．2）×102／cm3之间。其中1号和4号站位的菌数比其它越位都高，这和它们靠近码头，受到附近的排水污染有关。在扇贝的消化盲囊和性腺内也分离到异养菌和弧菌，分别为103～105个g和103～105个／g。这些细菌可能因扇贝遇到环境改变防御能力下降时，扩散到其它器官并大量繁殖，因而造成感染而死亡。从对分离菌的药物敏感试验结果看，近年一些菌株对原来敏感的药物产生了抗药性，如四环索和链霉素，今后在育苗过程中避免滥用抗菌药物是十分重要的。 相似文献
17.
In the Austrian Molasse Basin bacterial methane gas accumulations occur in Upper Oligocene to early Miocene deepwater clastic sediments. Gas is produced from the Upper Puchkirchen Formation (Aquitanian) in the Atzbach-Schwanenstadt gas field. 相似文献
18.
R. Danovaro N. Della Croce A. Dell&#x;Anno A. Pusceddu 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(12):1411-1420
The Atacama trench, the deepest ecosystem of the southern Pacific Ocean (ca. 8000 m depth) was investigated during the Atacama Trench International Expedition. Sediments, collected at three bathyal stations (1040–1355 m depth) and at a hadal site (7800 m) were analyzed for organic matter quantity and biochemical composition (in terms of phytopigments, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids), bacterial abundance, biomass and carbon production and extracellular enzymatic activities. Functional chlorophyll-a (18.0±0.10 mg m−2), phytodetritus (322.2 mg m−2) and labile organic carbon (16.9±4.3 g C m−2) deposited on surface sediments at hadal depth (7800 m) reached concentrations similar to those encountered in highly productive shallow coastal areas. High values of bacterial C production and aminopeptidase activity were also measured (at in situ temperature and 1 atm). The chemical analyses of the Atacama hadal sediments indicate that this trench behaves as a deep oceanic trap for organic material. We hypothesize that, despite the extreme physical conditions, benthic microbial processes might be accelerated as a result of the organic enrichment. 相似文献
19.
Isolation and diversity analysis of heterotrophic bacteria associated with sea anemones 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A study was undertaken to investigate the heterotrophic bacterial flora associated with the sea anemones. Samples of the sea anemones Anthopleura midori were collected from the coast of Weihai and bacteria were isolated from these samples. Additionally, high numbers of viable bacteria were obtained from the celom wall and surface of anemone, the community of cultivable bacteria was very diverse. As a result of this isolation, 60 strains were obtained, 56 of them were selected for identification and characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and limited phenotypic testing. Among these isolates, 16 strains were phylogenetically related to members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas and neighboring taxa. Other isolates included members of the genera Colwellia, Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Endozoicomonas, Roseovarius, Paracoccus, Loktanella, Leisingera, Sulfitobacter, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Plantibacter, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Joostella, Psychroserpens, Cellulophaga, Krokinobacter, Polaribacter and Psychrobacter. Seven potential novel species were found. Among 60 strains, 17 of them can produce proteolytic exoenzyme, 20 can produce lipolytic exoenzyme. Strain NQ8 has strong antagonistic effects on some Vibrio strains. This study demonstrates that the culturable fraction of bacteria from the sea anemones Anthopleura midori is diverse and appears to possess much potential as a source for the discovery of novel bioactive materials. 相似文献