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中国近海海面地形机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了求得中国近海海面地形的几何水准法、球函数模型法、海洋水准法,重点介绍了海洋水准法,并指出用水文资料计算中国近海海面地形时,必须考虑气压的均衡效应和气压的非均衡效应。定量分析了水文因素的影响,气压因素的影响,及太平洋北赤道流(黑潮)对中国近海海面地形的影响,得出了一些有益的结论。 相似文献
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应用水文资料计算中国近海海面地形 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文根据中国近海存在着海水密度变化与海面地形相关的规律,以及华南沿海(包括厦门)由于大气扰动使沿岸平均海面升高的现象,研究了多年水文资料计算海面地形、日水文资料计算海面地形、一次水文资料计算海面地形的有关计算方法,并给出了计算结果,得出了一些有益的结论。 相似文献
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利用T/P卫星测高资料构造中国近海及邻域平均海平面和海面地形 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
在对T／P卫星4年1992年10月-1996年10月测高数据的编辑及预处理基础上,采用stacking处理技术构造出中国近海及邻域（0°—40°N,105°—135°E）相对于GRS80参考椭球的30’×30’年平均海平面,其总体精度达到±83cm（均方根）水平。验证了中国近海及邻域的平均海平面在总体上呈东南高、西北低的趋势。利用JGM-3和OSU91A混合模型的重力大地水准面,直接从平均海平面中扣除大地水准面起伏的影响,并采用“剪切”法得到中国近海及邻域完整到20阶次的海面地形模型的球谐函数表达式,验证了中国近海及邻域海面地形在总体上为正的格局,并对其构造特征作了初步探讨。 相似文献
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利用T/P卫星测高资料构造中国近海及邻域平均海平面和海面地形 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对T/P卫星4年1992年10月–1996年10月测高数据的编辑及预处理基础上,采用stacking处理技术构造出中国近海及邻域（0°–40°N,105°–135°E）相对于GRS80参考椭球的30'×30'年平均海平面,其总体精度达到±8.3cm（均方根）水平。验证了中国近海及邻域的平均海平面在总体上呈东南高、西北低的趋势。利用JGM-3和OSU91A混合模型的重力大地水准面,直接从平均海平面中扣除大地水准面起伏的影响,并采用“剪切”法得到中国近海及邻域完整到20阶次的海面地形模型的球谐函数表达式,验证了中国近海及邻域海面地形在总体上为正的格局,并对其构造特征作了初步探讨。 相似文献
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为了获取海洋连续稳定的气象和水文数据,作者设计了基于Linux的气象水文浮标采集系统,多线程同时测量海面的气象参数（温度、湿度、气压和风速、风向）和海下的水文参数（不同深度的水温和盐度）,监控浮标的电压、漏水和开舱状态,测量和监控原始数据自动备份到系统的数据库,通过CDMA/GPRS或卫星与岸站接收系统通信,实现采集数据实时回传、自动备份和数据补发功能。目前已经在近海和远海各布放2套,气象数据和水文数据采集与接收正常。实验结果表明,该方案解决了近海和远海的海洋气象数据和水文数据的同时采集与传输,具有高度的可扩展性,获取的海洋气象和水文数据连续稳定可靠。 相似文献
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关于黄海的潮混合和浅水锋现象,中国和韩国的学者已有一些报道(赵保仁,1987a，b;赵保仁等,1992;Lie,H-J.，1989)。卫星图片和有关水文观测资料表明,夏季,黄海的浅水锋主要分布在苏北浅滩外侧、山东半岛的成山角一石岛近海、渤海海峡、西朝鲜湾和江华湾湾口附近及朝鲜半岛西南部近海。
为了深入了解黄海苏北浅滩外侧浅水锋的分布和水文结构,我们于1990年7月29日至8月1日对该区域进行了一次水文和水化学的专项调査。本文根据这次调查所得的水文资料,对苏北浅滩外侧的海面冷水和浅水锋的分布特征以及锋区的环流结构进行简要论述。
苏北近海的浅水锋常出现在苏北浅滩外侧的陡坡附近(赵保仁,1987a)。本次调查在这一区域设了5个断面,32个大面站和1个连续站。锋区附近的最小站距约4海里(5′经距)左右。调査区域的水深分布和站位如图1所示。这一海区的地形分布特点是海底坡度较大,34°10′N以北海底陡坡在30-40m等深线之间,34°10′N线以南海底陡坡在20-30m等深线之间,陡坡处坡度达4×10-3左右。此外,在122°10''E线附近,还有一向北伸展的沙脊。观测结果表明,苏北浅滩外侧浅水锋现象与地形特征关系密切。 相似文献
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东海黑潮锋作为中国近海的一类特殊海洋学现象,对水声传播产生的复杂影响已受到关注,但对其影响机制的认识还较为欠缺.应用BELLHOP水声学数值模型分析了典型东海黑潮锋环境下的声场特性,结果表明:穿过锋面时声线干涉伴随的声能强弱空间分布出现明显偏移,同时波导中泄漏的声能对锋面非均匀环境引起的传播损失进行了补偿,使波导区域之外的声能变化小于5dB(声波频率为1 kHz).相比之下,从外海暖水混合层向近海传播时表面声道的瓦解可使传播损失突然增大10 ～ 15 dB(声波频率为1 kHz).东海黑潮锋环境下的声场能量异常分布体现了海底地形和水文环境的共同影响,地形条件对声场样式起支配性作用,而锋面引起的非均匀水文环境则是使声能空间分布出现异常变化的关键调制性因素. 相似文献
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Richard D. Brodeur Dena M. Gadomski William G. Pearcy Harold P. Batchelder Charles B. Miller 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(3):365-378
The abundance and distribution patterns of nearshore ichthyoplankton were investigated during a year of anomalously high sea temperatures off Oregon. Samples collected from 2 to 18 km offshore from April through September of 1983 showed increased occurrences and higher abundances of taxa usually found at distances offshore of 37 km in other years. The dominant species collected, comprising more than half of the total larval fish abundance, was the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax). Larval anchovy have rarely been collected inshore in previous studies. Many of the dominant taxa normally found inshore, especially osmerids, were present in reduced numbers in 1983. Changes in the hydrographic conditions associated with onshore surface drift and reduced summer upwelling during the 1983 El Niño could explain the distributional patterns observed. The warm inshore waters apparently provided a substantial spatial and temporal expansion of the spawning habitat for E. mordax. 相似文献
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Surface velocities determined from trajectory of a drifting buoy from March through November 1987 are compared with surface geostrophic velocities determined from sea surface dynamic topography (SSDT) obtained from altimetry data with the aid of long-term hydrographic observation data. In general, these velocities show similar temporal variations in both zonal and meridional components, except in a period when obvious error is found in the altimetric SSDT field. When the buoy was trapped by several mid-ocean meso-scale eddies, the comparison is especially good. Systematic discrepancy is found, however, when the buoy was in the Kuroshio region, because of using both temporally and spatially smoothed mean SSDT estimated from hydrographic data; instead, surface geostrophic velocities determined from the altimetric SSDT referred to the improved geoid model result in better comparison. 相似文献
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Optimal interpolation method is applied to Geosat altimetry data both to remove orbit error and to separate temporal mean sea surface dynamic topography (SSDT) from temporal fluctuations around the mean. Loss of long-wavelength oceanic signals at orbit error reduction procedure is smaller in this method than that in conventional collinear methods, but the areal average height over the study domain is still removed as the orbit error. The fluctuation SSDT is quantitatively evaluated by sea level data from tide gauge stations at Japanese islands. The correlation coefficient of the two sea-level variations is 0.83 when the loss of the areal average is compensated by the seasonal variation of the areal average height determined from the climatological monthly-mean SSDT. In addition, the improvement of the geoid model by combined use of Seasat altimetry data and hydrographic data is validated through the estimated temporal mean SSDT. In a local area where hydrographic data contemporary with the Seasat mission exist, the geoid model has been significantly improved so that the absolute SSDT can be determined from combination of the altimetry data and geoid model; the absolute SSDT describes the onset event of a quasi-stationary large meander of the Kuroshio south of Japan very well. Outside this local area, however, errors of several tens of centimeters still remain in the improved geoid model. 相似文献
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The sea surface dynamic topography (the sea surface height relative to the geoid; hereafter abbreviated SSDT) can be divided into the temporal mean SSDT and the fluctuation SSDT around the mean. We use the optimal interpolation method to reduce the satellite radial orbit error and estimate the fluctuation SSDT southeast of Japan from Seasat altimetry data during the 17-day near-repeat mission. The fluctuation SSDT is further combined with the mean geopotential anomalies estimated from hydrographic data during the Seasat mission in order to give the approximated total SSDT, called here the composite SSDT (the approximated mean plus fluctuation SSDT's). The fluctuation SSDT is in accord with the low-frequency sea-level fluctuation recorded at tide gauge stations in the Japanese islands. The composite SSDT describes thoroughly variations of the location of the Kuroshio axis south of Japan determined on the basis of the GEK (Geomagnetic Electro-Kinematograph) surface velocities and the horizontal temperature distribution. The composite SSDT also agrees with oceanic variations east of Japan found in the temperature distribution at the depth of 200 m. These results confirm that the SSDT derived from altimetry data can provide fairly precise synoptic views of low-frequency oceanic phenomena. 相似文献
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为了明确黄河水下三角洲北部区域海洋动力对海底地形变化的影响,采用2009年黄河水下三角洲北部区域高精度水深地形资料,与2004年水深地形资料进行对比分析。同时,利用2009年对表层沉积物的粒度分析,结合该区域的水文潮流特征,对该海区悬移质泥砂引起的冲淤变化进行了预测。研究结果表明该区域经过多年的冲淤调整正逐渐达到冲淤平衡,形成稳定的粉砂淤泥质海岸,但在大风大浪引起的恶劣海洋作用下,本区仍然经历着缓慢的冲刷过程。埕北海域在CB151平台附近形成一个冲刷中心,冲刷深度超过1 m;孤东海堤外侧海域,自陆地向等深线12 m区域均发生轻微冲刷作用,尤其是海堤根部,由于波浪的累加作用,冲刷最为明显,最大冲刷深度可达1.5 m以上。 相似文献
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The Seasat altimeter data has been completely adjusted by a crossing arc technique to reduce the crossover discrepancies to
approximately ±30 cm in five regional adjustments. This data was then used to create sea surface heights at 1° intersections
in the ocean areas with respect to the GRS80 ellipsoid. These heights excluded the direct tidal effects but included the induced
permanent deformation.
A geoid corresponding to these sea surface heights was computed, based on the potential coefficients of the GEML2 gravity
field up to degree 6, augmented by Rapp's coefficients up to degree 180. The differences between sea surface heights and the
geoid were computed to give approximate estimates of sea surface topography. These estimates are dominated by errors in both
sea surface heights and geoid undulations. To optimally determine sea surface topography a spherical harmonic analysis of
raw estimates was carried out and the series was further truncated at degree 6, giving estimates with minimum wavelengths
on the order of 6000 km.
The direction of current flow can be computed on a global basis using the spherical harmonic expansion of the sea surface
topography. Ths has been done, not only for Seasat/GEML2 estimates, but also using the recent dynamic topography estimates
of Levitus. The results of the two solutions are very similar and agree well with the major circulation features of the oceans. 相似文献
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文中首先介绍了DOT2008A模型建立的原理和方法,利用我国48个长期验潮站19 a连续观测数据验证DOT2008A模型的精度,其均方差为0.118 m,残差的标准偏差为0.086 m;联合多源测高卫星建立的海面地形模型数据验证DOT2008A的精度,均方差为0.106 m,残差的标准偏差为0.099 5 m,且其残差分布图基本符合正态分布。从实验结果来看,DOT2008A模型在我国周边海域精度较高,其建立方法较为合理,转化应用价值较高;同时与多源测高卫星建立的海面地形比较结果来看,验证了自主建立的海面地形模型的正确性,对建立我国高精度海面地形模型具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献