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针对东营市2016—2017 年出现的27 个低能见度天气过程,利用 MP -3000A 型地基微波辐射计二级数据,计算过程影响期间逐10 min 的逆温层温差、逆温层厚度和低层相对湿度等物理量。 结合空气质量和能见度变化情况,按照雾和霾、雾、降水三类天气对 27 次过程进行分类研究,总结地基微波辐射计观测的温湿度量对低能见度天气的指示意义和参考指标。结果表明:(1)雾和霾共同影响导致的低能见度天气出现在冬半年,PM2. 5浓度越大通常对应的能见度越低;逆温层温差和逆温层厚度与能见度的相关系数分别为-0. 39 和-0. 45,逆温层温差增大指示能见度降低,逆温层厚度减小指示能见度升高。低层相对湿度在 90%以上时,能见度受雾影响通常小于 2 km;低层相对湿度在80%以下时,能见度受霾影响仍然维持在5 km 以下。(2)雾影响导致的低能见度天气多出现在冬半年,与 PM2. 5浓度无关;逆温层温差和逆温层厚度与能见度的相关系数分别为-0. 54和-0. 45。在逆温层生成和破坏阶段,逆温层温差变化幅度大,对能见度的指示性更强,而逆温层厚度变化幅度相对较小,多维持在 300 ~ 400 m 之间。低层相对湿度 90%以上时能见度通常小于5 km,当低层湿层消失后能见度升高至 5 km 以上。(3)降水影响导致的低能见度天气出现在夏季,多伴随短时强降水出现,强降水时段逆温层温差达到8 ℃ 以上,逆温层厚度为 500 m;强降水结束后,逆温消失,能见度转好。 相似文献
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近年来气候变化使得局地大气特征发生明显变化,为了更好的研究南海海域气候特征,文章利用多年的南海区域站点观探测资料,采用统计分析的方法分析南海沿岸近海地区的温度、湿度等常规大气参数以及云、能见度等天气特征的时空分布特征,并统计了航空危险天气条件(低云量≥5成,云底高≤300 m且能见度1 km)出现的频率分布,为科研和海洋天气预报提供有力的数据支持。 相似文献
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川西盆地雾和能见度的气候特征及其对飞行的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用川西盆地广汉机场气象台1986年1月~1995年12月共10 a地面观测资料,对广汉机场低能见度的生消时间、持续时间和能见度的年季节变化及其日变化做了统计分析,研究广汉机场全年能见度的飞行气候特征,特别是低能见度气候特征对飞行的影响。结果表明,能见度日变化特征表现为:白天早、晚时段能见度较低,午后能见度达到最高。能见度的季节变化特征表现为:冬(12,1,2月)、春季(3,4,5月)能见度较低,而夏(6,7,8月)、秋季(9,10,11月)能见度较高。冬季能见度的变化主要受辐射雾影响,夏季能见度的变化主要受降水的影响,随着降水强度的变化而变化,低能见度时间短暂。各标准低能见度逐时频率的日变化特征在各季基本相似,低能见度高频率区均出现在早晨到上午,低频率区均出现在下午。 相似文献
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由于能见度具有局地性和复杂的非线性变化特征,一直是精细化预报的难点。人工神经网络对复杂变化过程的模拟能力较高,为解决这一难题提供了可能性。本文采用循环神经网络,利用福州气象观测站地面观测数据,建立了福州单站能见度短临预报模型,并就预报能力进行了评估。随机检验结果表明,在1 h、3 h、6 h时效上,循环神经网络的预报与观测的变化趋势一致性较好;均方根误差比基于实况的预报分别减小15. 75%、31. 66%、41. 26%,说明具备较好的预报能力;平均绝对值误差比传统BP神经网络分别减小12. 90%、24. 45%、38. 99%,表明循环神经网络对能见度预报具有优势,为能见度的精细化短临预报提供了新途径。 相似文献
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基于MODIS数据的海上气象能见度遥感光谱分析与统计反演 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
重点分析了不同等级能见度过程在MODIS 36通道中的谱特征及与能见度的相关性,并对能见度进行了光谱统计分析.经去云处理后,对多点测站的相关分析发现能见度因子和ch1,3,4,8,16,24,25,29～36的辐射和反射率存在很好的相关性(置信度达90 %以上,相关系数≥0.8),进一步的通道筛选和压缩对能见度的反演有重要意义.典型个例分析发现低能见度与高能见度天气过程存在较明显的光谱辐射和反射差异,可用于低能见度的识别. 相似文献
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青岛近海夏季海雾年际变化的低空气象水文条件分析——关于水汽来源的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用1971-2009年月雾日数资料、1970-2007每日4次能见度观测资料、MICAPS系统提供的每日3h/1次的地面观测资料、JRA-25再分析资料,对青岛近海夏季(6～7月)海雾年际变化的低空气象水文条件进行了合成分析,发现长江口以东的东海海域是影响青岛近海海雾多寡的水汽来源关键区域(122°E～130°E,28°N～32°N),黄海局地海表面蒸发增湿所提供的水汽贡献不大.海表面温度(SST)对海雾的形成在黄、东海起着不同的重要作用.多雾年,东海SST偏高,海面蒸发较大,为低空气流提供了热量和水汽,黄海SST偏低,海面蒸发较小,有利于低空气流的降温增湿,从长江口以东海域向黄海输送的低空暖湿平流是海雾形成的主要物质基础.去掉月平均合成中降水、沙尘等因素对能见度的影响,针对2005-2007年6、7月42个雾日的统计分析,进一步证明了长江口以东海域水汽输送对黄海海雾形成有重要影响;对其中5个雾日的水汽源地追踪,表明在天气时间尺度下,水汽路径是从东海在低空南风的引导下向北到达青岛近海. 相似文献
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The Atlantic inflow in the Fram Strait(78°50′N) has synoptic scale variability based on an array of moorings over the period of 1998–2010. The synoptic scale variability of Atlantic inflow, whose significant cycle is 3–16 d, occurs mainly in winter and spring(from January to April) and is related with polar lows in the Barents Sea. On the synoptic scale, the enhancement(weakening) of Atlantic inflow in the Fram Strait is accompanied by less(more)polar lows in the Barents Sea. Wind stress curl induced by polar lows in the Barents Sea causes Ekman-transport,leads to decrease of sea surface height in the Barents Sea, due to geostrophic adjustment, further induces a cyclonic circulation anomaly around the Barents Sea, and causes the weakening of the Atlantic inflow in the Fram Strait. Our results highlight the importance of polar lows in forcing the Atlantic inflow in the Fram Strait and can help us to further understand the effect of Atlantic warm water on the change of the Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
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北极海冰密集度预报对大气强迫敏感性的个例研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
YANG Qinghu LIU Jiping ZHANG Zhanhai SUI Cuijuan XING Jianyong LI Ming LI Chunhu ZHAO Jiechen ZHANG Lin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(12):15-23
A regional Arctic configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model （MIT-gcm） is used as the coupled ice-ocean model for forecasting sea ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean at the Na-tional Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China （NMEFC）, and the numerical weather prediction from the National Center for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System （NCEP GFS） is used as the atmospheric forcing. To improve the sea ice forecasting, a recently developed Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model （Polar WRF） model prediction is also tested as the atmospheric forcing. Their forecasting performances are evaluated with two different satellite-derived sea ice concentration products as initializa-tions： （1） the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder （SSMIS） and （2） the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS （AMSR-E）. Three synoptic cases, which represent the typical atmospheric circulations over the Arctic Ocean in summer 2010, are selected to carry out the Arctic sea ice numerical forecasting experiments. The evaluations suggest that the forecasts of sea ice concentrations using the Polar WRF atmo-spheric forcing show some improvements as compared with that of the NCEP GFS. 相似文献
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The currents in the central part of the Drake Passage are investigated by analyzing the CTD and SADCP data over the section
across the Drake Passage occupied in November 2010 and satellite altimetry data. All eight of the jets of the Antarctic Circumpolar
Current, which are currently identidifed, were resolved by the section. The velocities and water transports of these jets
are estimated. Three synoptic scale eddies with different vertical structures were revealed; hypotheses on the physical nature
of these eddies are discussed. 相似文献
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We performed investigations of synoptic variability of bottom and surface currents, the flow rate of the Mzymta River, and the wind speed measured with high resolution (10 min periodicity) in the coastal zone of the city of Sochi in May 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. Based on the measurements, a Fourier spectral analysis and harmonic analysis were carried out for both low-frequency and high-frequency components of the variability of the current velocities and wind speed. The analysis revealed a similarity of the structures of the main oscillation periods for the currents in the low-frequency spectrum and significant fluctuation periods for the currents in the high-frequency range. In addition, we studied the internal waves generated by the river plume. 相似文献
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赤潮的爆发是生物、化学、物理等多因素综合作用的结果。温度、风力、风向、气压等气象条件,海况、潮汐、海流及海水的理化特征,如海水温度、盐度、营养盐、微量元素等都是赤潮爆发的重要因子或诱导因素。当前由于海洋生态领域的数值预报仍不成熟,国内的赤潮预测主要还是依靠经验和统计方法为主,如气象条件预报法、水文条件预报法、化学条件预报法、生物条件预报法、卫星遥感预报法或是综合预报法等。本文根据2001年～2005年《沿海海洋赤潮专报》中广东省阳江到汕尾沿海(112°～116°E)即珠江口地区发生赤潮的记录,使用NCEP再分析数据,从气象条件诱发赤潮的角度分析得出最易引发珠江口赤潮的5种天气形势,并用相关性分析方法得出其中两种天气形势的典型场,对预测珠江口沿海的赤潮发生具有一定的指导意义,可在实践中加以应用。 相似文献
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Richard D. Hedger Tim J. Malthus Andrew M. Folkard Peter M. Atkinson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):608-615
This paper examines the applicability of airborne remote sensing to the characterization and quantification of the spatial dynamics of water surface temperature (WST) within estuaries. For this, a series of successive airborne Thematic Mapper thermal images was acquired of Kirkcudbright Bay, an estuary in the United Kingdom, on two dates. Spatial dynamics were determined by two techniques: (1) qualitatively, which involved interpreting features ‘by eye’; and (2) by the velocimetric technique of maximum cross correlation (MCC). Qualitatively, complex spatial dynamics were identified over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, associated with the creation and dissipation of eddies, and the convergence and divergence of fronts, all of which were superimposed on the synoptic tidal flow. MCC was effective for producing synoptic velocity fields, but the minimum cell size was constrained by image noise, limiting the ability to analyze small-scale spatial dynamics. The effectiveness of MCC was related to the ratio of spatially correlated variance to spatially independent variance, as estimated from the variogram. Suggestions for optimizing the application of airborne remote sensing to estuarine spatial dynamics are presented. 相似文献
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V. B. Titov 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(2):131-139
Statistical characteristics and the parameters of the temporal variability of currents are analysed using data on current measurements conducted by five moored autonomous buoy stations over Bulgaria's shelf. Estimates of the specific contribution to the variability of synoptic (60%) and mesoscale (40%) oscillations are derived. The qualitative spectrum of the currents is defined, constituted by synoptic oscillations, short-period synoptic oscillations, inertial oscillations, and internal waves. Estimates of periods and oscillation amplitudes are also derived. The kinetic energy of the currents is calculated and the specific contribution of the energy of different-scale oscillations and their interrelations are determined.Translated by V. Puchkin. 相似文献
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V. B. Titov 《Physical Oceanography》1993,4(1):63-69
Average and extreme values of the current velocity, seawater temperature, and their standard deviations are considered on the basis of measurements carried out at three moorings deployed in the Florida Strait. The contributions of the low-frequency (synoptic) and mesoscale variations of currents and the seawater temperature to their temporal variability are estimated. The kinetic energy values of the averaged current and the synoptic and mesoscale variations are given. Their contributions to the general (total) kinetic energy of currents are determined. It is shown that the pulsations of the north-east trade wind can be one of the reasons for the synoptic variations in the field of currents and seawater temperature.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献