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1.
本文利用2010—2019年东印度洋海洋学综合科学考察基金委共享航次数据、Argo(array for real-time geostrophic oceanography)和简单海洋再分析数据(simple ocean data assimilation,SODA),研究了赤道东印度洋次表层高盐水(subsurface high salinity water,SHSW)的年际变化,并探讨了其形成机制。仅限于春季的观测资料显示,来自阿拉伯海的高盐水位于东印度洋赤道断面次表层70～130m深度处,且具有显著的年际变化。基于月平均SODA资料的研究结果表明,不同时期SHSW盐度异常的变化趋势存在显著差异,2010—2015年趋势比较稳定,而2016—2019年则呈现出显著的上升趋势。通过对SHSW的回归分析表明,风场和次表层纬向流是控制该高盐水年际变化的主要因子。进一步的分析表明,赤道印度洋的东风异常导致水体向西堆积,产生东向压强梯度力,进而激发出次表层异常东向流,最终引起SHSW盐度异常升高。此动力关联在印度洋偶极子事件中尤为显著,这进一步反映了赤道东印度洋SHSW的年际变化受到印度洋偶... 相似文献
2.
印度洋上层海气相互作用对印度洋和太平洋气候系统有重要影响。目前针对印度洋气候态环流特征已有较为全面的研究,但针对印度洋环流的年际变化及其季节性差异的特征分析和具体作用机制,仍缺乏深入的研究。本文利用1979—2007年Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)再分析资料研究了赤道印度洋表层辐合辐散的年际变异及其季节依赖性。结果表明,以赤道为中心,印度洋上层异常海流,在经向上形成显著的辐合(辐散)现象,究其原因主要是赤道纬向风异常形成的Ekman流所导致。进一步分析表明,热带印度洋异常纬向风的成因与太平洋-印度洋的热力强迫过程作用有关,并且不同的热力强迫过程呈现出显著的季节差异性。此热力强迫过程,具体可分为3种类型:第一类是太平洋纬向海表热力差异的遥强迫作用,主要发生在冬末春初,热带太平洋的纬向热力差异通过调节Walker环流,在印度洋激发出一个异常的次级环流,对应的大气低层形成纬向风异常;第二类是东-西印度洋海表热力差异的局地强迫作用导致的局地环流,使赤道印度洋上空形成纬向风异常,此过程在春末夏初较为显著;第三类是太平洋-印度洋热力差协同作用的结果,使赤道印度洋盛行异常的纬向风,此过程在秋季起主导作用。 相似文献
3.
利用小波分析方法,对2003-2008年周平均的Argo(地转海洋学实时观测阵)海温资料进行了分析,给出了全球上层海温年周期和半年周期振荡的空间分布特征.结果表明,南北半球中高纬地区以表层海温的年周期变化为主,在低纬度地区,表层海温以半年周期为主,而温跃层附近海温既有年周期也有半年周期(赤道太平洋、东南印度洋和赤道西大西洋以年周期为主;赤道东、西印度洋以半年周期为主).南北半球中高纬的年周期海温和北半球中纬度的半年周期海温在表层范围最大,显著性最高,强度最强,位相最前.随深度的增加,范围减小,显著性降低,强度减弱,位相滞后.信号主要集中在水深50 m以上,影响深度在150m以浅;赤道附近的太平洋和热带东南印度洋的年周期海温以及赤道东、西印度洋的半年周期海温在水深100m范围最大,显著性最高,强度最强,位相最前,信号主要集中在温跃层附近,影响深度均可达500m. 相似文献
4.
基于SODA再分析资料和TAO资料,利用EOF和统计分析等方法,分别研究了赤道太平洋海面纬向风应力异常和赤道太平洋上层纬向流异常的时空特征及其对西太平洋暖池纬向运移的影响。结果显示,赤道太平洋海面纬向风应力距平场第一模态具有2—5年的年际变化特征,其时空分布呈东、西向的反位相变化;而赤道太平洋上层纬向流距平场的第一模态则为1—2年的年和年际变化,且整个研究区域位相统一。纬向风应力和纬向流异常变化最显著的区域都在赤道中太平洋。相关分析显示,赤道中太平洋海面纬向风应力异常和赤道西太平洋上层纬向流异常分别对西太平洋暖池纬向运移有约2个月和4—6个月的超前影响,是暖池纬向运移的两个重要动力因素。回归分析表明,赤道中太平洋海面纬向风应力异常和赤道西太平洋上层纬向流异常对西太平洋暖池纬向运移有很好的预报意义。 相似文献
5.
利用热带海洋和全球大气试验(TOGA)期间(1980～1996年)热带大气海洋观测阵(TAO)的长期浮标资料,分析了赤道行星波对西赤道太平洋暖池热传播的作用。结果表明,西赤道太平洋暖池纬向热传播主要出现在次表层水体中,并沿温跃层向东传播;而向西传播的季节热结构变化主要出现在中、西赤道太平洋的混合层中;驻波型传播在西赤道太平洋主要出现于温跃层,在中赤道太平洋主要出现于混合层和温跃层,在东赤道太平洋主要出现于混合层。在平均条件下,赤道太平洋上层水温纬向热传播信号以驻波型和东传型较强,西传型较弱。赤道Kelvin波压力分量贯穿西、东赤道太平洋并向东输送暖池热能,纬向流分量的热输送主要出现在西赤道太平洋;Rossby波压力分量的热输送主要出现在东、中赤道太平洋;混合Rossby重力波激发纬向流的热输送作用比相应温跃层扰动强。在平均条件下,赤道太平洋上层水温的驻波型变化制约了西赤道太平洋暖池热量的持续向东输送,因此形成了赤道太平洋水温的正常季节变化形态。当水温的驻波型变化减弱而东传型变化加强时,随后将形成厄尔尼诺现象。 相似文献
6.
太平洋低纬地区垂直环流圈与海温的季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对西太平洋低纬地区科罗尔等五个测站200百帕与850百帕高度风场资料作了分析。结果表明,西太平洋低纬地区经向垂直环流圈的季节变化与所在经度范围内的南北向海温梯度的季节变化一致。而纬向垂直环流圈的季节变化则与印度洋——太平洋低纬地区东西向海温梯度的季节变化一致,并且落后于海温梯度一个月。这一现象表明,赤道太平洋东部与热带印度洋西部的海温变化均与太平洋低纬地区纬向环流的变化有密切的关系。单单强调赤道太平洋东部海温的热力作用是不够的。 相似文献
7.
赤道印度洋中部断面东西水交换的季节变化及其区域差异 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用海洋再分析资料和实测资料研究了热带印度洋中部东西水交换特征。结果表明存在两个相互独立的过程,即北印度洋过程(4°~6°N)和赤道过程(2°S-2°N)。北印度洋过程受季风影响显著,11月至翌年3月冬季风期间表现出很强的低盐水向西输送,5-9月夏季风期间则为高盐水向东输送;由于冬季风期间的输送较强,年平均表现为低盐水向西输送。赤道过程分为表层过程和次表层过程。表层赤道过程受局地风场驱动,有明显的半年周期;4-5月和10-11月的东向流将赤道西印度洋的高盐水向东输送,其余月份相反;向东的输送较强,年平均表现为净高盐水向东输送。在次表层赤道过程没有明显的季节变化,海流全年一致向东,将海盆西部的高盐水向东输送。 相似文献
8.
热带太平洋-印度洋上层海温、热含量和混合层深度的年变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
根据1955~2003年次表层海温、海洋上层400m热含量和混合层深度资料,采用EOF分析方法,研究热带太平洋-印度洋上层海温、热含量和混合层深度的年变化特征及其与厄尔尼诺、印度洋偶极子、热带辐合带分布和活动的关系。结果表明:海表温度SST的分布和变化不能代表海洋上层热含量的分布和变化,热含量HST的分布与混合层MLD分布比较相似,尤其在热带印度洋和东太平洋,MLD季节变化比HST和SST提前2~3个月左右。太平洋10°N附近HST带状强扰动区和赤道地区HST反相变化是热带太平洋上层海水温度扰动最主要特征。HST的强扰动区主要由60~300m次表层海温距平的扰动引起,80m左右扰动最强,这种扰动沿着斜温层由上向下,自东向西传递,上半年增温,下半年降温,具有明显的年周期变化。这种变化对ENSO循环期间热含量异常信号传播的影响值得关注。热带太平洋HST的扰动变化和太平洋的ITCZ和SPCZ的移动和变化也有一定的关联。印度洋的西北部和东南部次表层海温距平呈年周期的反相振荡,但这种固有振荡和印度洋偶极子DMI振荡反相,这可能是导致印度洋大部分偶极子生命史都很短的原因之一。 相似文献
9.
《热带海洋学报》2017,(4)
利用Argo浮标的轨迹资料估算热带太平洋中层纬向流场的条带状结构以及其变化特征。相较于传统温盐地转流算法,基于Argo轨迹资料的反演算法的优势在于不受零参考面的选取以及赤道地转平衡失效的局限。结果表明:在赤道太平洋海域,中层(1000dbar)纬向流场在南北半球都具有条带状分布,强流分布在赤道附近海域;在远离赤道海域,北半球(9°N、13°N、18°N)有相对赤道较弱的东向流动,而南半球东向流动相对更弱,没有同北半球一样明显的东向急流。此外,热带太平洋中层流场的时间变化特征较为复杂:近赤道流的变化以季节尺度为主,而远离赤道的流则逐渐演变为多时间尺度下的变化,海洋Rossby波的调整起到主导作用。 相似文献
10.
利用2002—2015年ARGO网格化的温度、盐度数据, 结合卫星资料揭示了赤道东印度洋和孟加拉湾障碍层厚度的季节内和准半年变化特征, 探讨了其变化机制。结果表明, 障碍层厚度变化的两个高值区域出现在赤道东印度洋和孟加拉湾北部。在赤道区域, 障碍层同时受到等温层和混合层变化的影响, 5—7月和11—1月受西风驱动, Wyrtki急流携带阿拉伯海的高盐水与表层的淡水形成盐度层结, 同时西风驱动的下沉Kelvin波加深了等温层, 混合层与等温层分离, 障碍层形成。在湾内, 充沛的降雨和径流带来的大量淡水产生很强的盐度层结, 混合层全年都非常浅, 障碍层季节内变化和准半年变化主要受等温层深度变化的影响。上述两个区域障碍层变化存在关联, 季节内和准半年周期的赤道纬向风驱动的波动过程是它们存在联系的根本原因。赤道东印度洋地区的西风(东风)强迫出向东传的下沉(上升)的Kelvin波, 在苏门答腊岛西岸转变为沿岸Kelvin波向北传到孟加拉湾的东边界和北边界, 并且在缅甸的伊洛瓦底江三角洲顶部(95°E, 16°N)激发出向西的Rossby波, 造成湾内等温层深度的正(负)异常, 波动传播的速度决定了湾内的变化过程滞后于赤道区域1~2个月。 相似文献
11.
In this paper, effort is made to demonstrate the quality of high-resolution regional ocean circulation model in realistically simulating the circulation and variability properties of the northern Indian Ocean(10°S–25°N,45°–100°E) covering the Arabian Sea(AS) and Bay of Bengal(BoB). The model run using the open boundary conditions is carried out at 10 km horizontal resolution and highest vertical resolution of 2 m in the upper ocean.The surface and sub-surface structure of hydrographic variables(temperature and salinity) and currents is compared against the observations during 1998–2014(17 years). In particular, the seasonal variability of the sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface currents over the model domain is studied. The highresolution model's ability in correct estimation of the spatio-temporal mixed layer depth(MLD) variability of the AS and BoB is also shown. The lowest MLD values are observed during spring(March-April-May) and highest during winter(December-January-February) seasons. The maximum MLD in the AS(BoB) during December to February reaches 150 m (67 m). On the other hand, the minimum MLD in these regions during March-April-May becomes as low as 11–12 m. The influence of wind stress, net heat flux and freshwater flux on the seasonal variability of the MLD is discussed. The physical processes controlling the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature are investigated by carrying out mixed layer heat budget analysis. It is found that air-sea fluxes play a dominant role in the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the contribution of horizontal advection, vertical entrainment and diffusion processes is small. The upper ocean zonal and meridional volume transport across different sections in the AS and BoB is also computed. The seasonal variability of the transports is studied in the context of monsoonal currents. 相似文献
12.
Hydrographic data show that the meridional deep current at 47°N is weak and southward in northeastern North Pacific; the strong
northward current expected for an upwelling in a flat-bottom ocean is absent. This may imply that the eastward-rising bottom
slope in the Northeast Pacific Basin contributes to the overturning circulation. After analysis of observational data, we
examine the bottom-slope effect using models in which deep water enters the lower deep layer, upwells to the upper deep layer,
and exits laterally. The analytical model is based on geostrophic hydrostatic balance, Sverdrup relation, and vertical advection–diffusion
balance of density, and incorporates a small bottom slope and an eastward-increasing upwelling. Due to the sloping bottom,
current in the lower deep layer intensifies bottomward, and the intensification is weaker for larger vertical eddy diffusivity
(K
V), weaker stratification, and smaller eastward increase in upwelling. Varying the value of K
V changes the vertical structure and direction of the current; the current is more barotropic and flows further eastward as
K
V increases. The eastward current is reproduced with the numerical model that incorporates the realistic bottom-slope gradient
and includes boundary currents. The interior current flows eastward primarily, runs up the bottom slope, and produces an upwelling.
The eastward current has a realistic volume transport that is similar to the net inflow, unlike the large northward current
for a flat bottom. The upwelling water in the upper deep layer flows southward and then westward in the southern region, although
it may partly upwell further into the intermediate layer. 相似文献
13.
利用Hadley中心逐月海表温度、欧洲中心ERA-40的10 m风场及CMAP降水资料探讨了年循环对热带太平洋El Niño海气相互作用过程的影响。尽管El Niño对应的海表温度异常主要出现在赤道东太平洋,经向上呈南北对称分布,然而其对应的大气响应在El Niño年衰减阶段却有着强的向南移动特征。在El Niño发展年的11月之前,强的西风和降水异常主要出现在赤道中太平洋;在12月份之后,赤道上的西风和降水异常迅速南移至5°S,随后西风一直维持在该位置直至衰亡。同时,西太平洋负降水和反气旋异常向北移动。这种SST异常与其大气响应的经向移动不一致,主要是由热带中太平洋气候态SST的季节性南移导致的。由于对流与海温之间存在非线性关系,即当总SST超过一定的阈值,对流降水才会迅速增强;因此相应的对流响应也随着总海温的南移而南移,风场响应也同时南移。此外,南半球增强的对流会通过经向环流进一步抑制北半球的降水,从而使西太平洋负降水和反气旋异常增强并北移。通过分析有/无年循环的两组数值试验结果验证了上述结论,即有年循环的试验较真实地模拟出了观测中异常西风南移和西北太平洋反气旋异常的出现;无年循环试验尽管能模拟出El Niño年赤道中太平洋的西风异常,但其却没有南北向的移动,西北太平洋的反气旋也没有出现。因此,热带中太平洋气候态暖海温的季节循环对El Niño事件大气响应有着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
14.
The structure of the annual-mean shallow meridional overturning circulation(SMOC) in the South China Sea(SCS) and the related water movement are investigated,using simple ocean data assimilation(SODA) outputs.The distinct clockwise SMOC is present above 400 m in the SCS on the climatologically annual-mean scale,which consists of downwelling in the northern SCS,a southward subsurface branch supplying upwelling at around 10°N and a northward surface flow,with a strength of about 1×10~6 m~3/s.The formation mechanisms of its branches are studied separately.The zonal component of the annual-mean wind stress is predominantly westward and causes northward Ekman transport above 50 m.The annual-mean Ekman transport across 18°N is about 1.2×10~6 m~3/s.An annual-mean subduction rate is calculated by estimating the net volume flux entering the thermocline from the mixed layer in a Lagrangian framework.An annual subduction rate of about 0.66×10~6m~3/s is obtained between 17° and 20°N,of which 87% is due to vertical pumping and 13% is due to lateral induction.The subduction rate implies that the subdution contributes significantly to the downwelling branch.The pathways of traced parcels released at the base of the February mixed layer show that after subduction water moves southward to as far as 11°N within the western boundary current before returning northward.The velocity field at the base of mixed layer and a meridional velocity section in winter also confirm that the southward flow in the subsurface layer is mainly by strong western boundary currents.Significant upwelling mainly occurs off the Vietnam coast in the southern SCS.An upper bound for the annual-mean net upwelling rate between 10° and 15°N is 0.7×10~6m~3/s,of which a large portion is contributed by summer upwelling,with both the alongshore component of the southwest wind and its offshore increase causing great upwelling. 相似文献
15.
Altimeter and in situ data are used to estimate the mean surface zonal geostrophic current in the section along 115°E in the southern Indian Ocean,and the variation of strong currents in relation to the major fronts is studied.The results show that,in average,the flow in the core of Antarctic Circumpolar Current(ACC) along the section is composed of two parts,one corresponds to the jet of Subantarctic Front(SAF) and the other is the flow in the Polar Front Zone(PFZ),with a westward flow between them.The mean surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to the SAF is up to 49 cm · s-1 at 46°S,which is the maximal velocity in the section.The eastward flow in the PFZ has a width of about 4.3 degrees in latitudes.The mean surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front(SACCF) is located at 59.7 °S with velocity less than 20 cm · s-1.The location of zonal geostrophic jet corresponding to the SAF is quite stable during the study period.In contrast,the eastward jets in the PFZ exhibit various patterns,i.e.,the primary Polar Front(PF1) shows its strong meridional shift and the secondary Polar Front(PF2) does not always coincide with jet.The surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to SAF has the significant periods of annual,semi-annual and four-month.The geostrophic current of the PFZ also shows significant periods of semi-annual and four-month,but is out of phase with the periods of the SAF,which results in no notable semi-annual and fourmonth periods in the surface zonal geostrophic current in the core of the ACC.In terms of annual cycle,the mean surface zonal geostrophic current in the core of the ACC shows its maximal velocity in June. 相似文献
16.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(1-2):279-303
The mean horizontal flow field of the tropical Atlantic Ocean is described between 20°N and 20°S from observations and literature results for three layers of the upper ocean, Tropical Surface Water, Central Water, and Antarctic Intermediate Water. Compared to the subtropical gyres the tropical circulation shows several zonal current and countercurrent bands of smaller meridional and vertical extent. The wind-driven Ekman layer in the upper tens of meters of the ocean masks at some places the flow structure of the Tropical Surface Water layer as is the case for the Angola Gyre in the eastern tropical South Atlantic. Although there are regions with a strong seasonal cycle of the Tropical Surface Water circulation, such as the North Equatorial Countercurrent, large regions of the tropics do not show a significant seasonal cycle. In the Central Water layer below, the eastward North and South Equatorial undercurrents appear imbedded in the westward-flowing South Equatorial Current. The Antarcic Intermediate Water layer contains several zonal current bands south of 3°N, but only weak flow exists north of 3°N. The sparse available data suggest that the Equatorial Intermediate Current as well as the Southern and Northern Intermediate Countercurrents extend zonally across the entire equatorial basin. Due to the convergence of northern and southern water masses, the western tropical Atlantic north of the equator is an important site for the mixture of water masses, but more work is needed to better understand the role of the various zonal under- and countercurrents in cross-equatorial water mass transfer. 相似文献
17.
Oceanic current data in the warm pool region of the western equatorial Pacific measured by upward-looking moored Acoustic
Doppler Current Profilers at two equatorial sites (147°E and 154°E) and two off-equatorial sites (2°N and 2°S, 156°E) during
TOGA/COARE Intensive Observing Period (IOP) from November 1992 to February 1993 are used to examine short-term variabilities
in the upper layer above 160–240 m. In time series of the zonal and meridional currents in many layers, spectral peaks are
found at periods around 2 days and 4 days in addition to high energies in a period range longer than 10 days. The signal with
the period of about 2 days has significantly high energies at all sites, and its magnitude is higher for the meridional current
than for the zonal one. This signal is especially active in the first half of IOP from November to December in 1992. In this
period, the quasi-2-day signal in the current field is coherent between northern (2°N) and southern (2°S) stations, but it
has no evident relationship with that in the surface wind field around the stations. The quasi-4-day signal with the period
of about 4 days has highest energies in layers above 160 m at the southern station, and is coherent between northern and southern
stations. Besides, the signal at the station of 2°S has a significantly high coherence with that in the wind at the southern
station, suggesting that it is a local phenomenon. 相似文献
18.
Guillaume Dencausse Michel Arhan Sabrina Speich 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(11):1392-1405
A 12.7-year series of weekly absolute sea surface height (SSH) data in the region south of Africa is used for a statistical characterization of the location of the Agulhas Current retroflection and its variations at periods up to 2 years. The highest probability of presence of the retroflection point is at ～39.5°S/18–20°E. The longitudinal probability density is negatively skewed. A sharp eastward decrease at 22°E is related to detachments of the Agulhas Current from the continental slope at this longitude. The asymmetry in the central part of the distribution might reflect a westward increase of the zonal velocity of the retroflection point during its east–west pulsations. The western tail of the distribution reveals larger residence times of the retroflection at 14°E–15°E, possibly related to a slowing down of its westward motion by seamounts. While the averaged zonal velocity component of the retroflection point increases westward, its modulus exhibits an opposite trend, the result of southward velocity components more intense in the northeastern Agulhas Basin than farther west. These meridional motions likely reflect influences by cyclones adjacent to the Agulhas Current south of the Agulhas Bank, and farther west in the Cape Basin. In the latter area, variations of the meridional motions result in different positions of the westernmost retroflection patterns relative to the neighbouring seamounts, likely influencing the future behaviour of Agulhas rings shed at these locations. Agulhas ring formation at an average yearly rate of 5.8, similar to previous findings, was observed to occur west of ～19°E, in the western half of the retroflection probability domain. A well-defined seasonal signal of the retroflection longitude was found throughout the first 5 years of the time series, characterized by amplitudes of 1–1.3° of longitude, and western (eastern) extremes during austral summer (winter). This annual cycle was strongly phase shifted during and after the upstream retroflection event of 2000–2001. 相似文献
19.
On the basis of the climatic array of hydrological annual and monthly average data on temperature and the data of satellite
observations of the surface temperature of the ocean, we refine the annual average structure of the temperature fronts and
study their seasonal variability in the east part of the Tropical Atlantic in the meridional sections made along 30, 20, and
10°W, 0°, and 10°E. It is shown that the maximum intensity and seasonal variations are typical of the North Subequatorial
and South Tropical Fronts varying with predominant annual period. We revealed a delay of 2–3 months in the attainment of the
maximum intensity of the South Tropical and South Subequatorial Fronts in the west-east direction. Various mechanisms specifying
the seasonal variability of the surface and subsurface North and South Subequatorial Fronts are discussed. There exists good
agreement between the specific features of the seasonal variability of characteristics of the fronts established according
to the hydrological and satellite data.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 46–59, March–April, 2005. 相似文献
20.
The three-dimensional structure and the seasonal variation of the North Pacific meridional overturning circulation (NPMOC) are analyzed based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation data and Argo profiling float data.The NPMOC displays a multi-cell structure with four cells in the North Pacific altogether.The TC and the STC are a strong clockwise meridional cell in the low latitude ocean and a weaker clockwise meridional cell between 7°N and 18°N,respectively, while the DTC and the subpolar cell are a weaker ... 相似文献