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1.
海岸带景观是沿海地区社会经济可持续发展的基础,研究人类活动影响下的海岸带景观生态风险演变对海岸带景观规划与景观资源的合理开发具有重要意义。本文基于1990—2010年间3期的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感数据源,结合野外实地调查,研究了象山港海岸带景观生态风险及其变化趋势。结果表明:(1)20a间,象山港海岸带景观格局发生显著变化,耕地、海域和林地等景观类型面积呈下降趋势,而建设用地、未利用地和养殖用地不断增加;(2)1990年以来,象山港海岸带景观生态风险等级有不断增高趋势,部分低、较低等级生态风险区演变为中等级以及较高等级;(3)从不同等级生态风险区的空间分布上看,1990年以来海岸带景观低和较低等级生态风险区空间分布在沿海地区减少,而中等、较高和高生态风险区在沿海地区不断形成并向陆侧扩张。从演化速率上看,近10a的较高和高生态风险区面积增加速率较前10a显著加快。 相似文献
2.
为了了解长岛南部岛群在经济发展背景下的景观格局及未来变化趋势,利用1990~2015年6景Landsat TM5、TM7和OLI8影像数据源,基于地理信息系统(GIS)平台采用决策树分类的方法对长岛南部岛群的景观类型进行了分类,并结合Frag-stats软件提取7种不同的景观格局指数,对长岛南部岛群的景观格局演化特征进行了系统分析。结果显示,人为活动是近年来长岛南部岛群景观格局演化的主要驱动力,该岛群景观类型变化以建设用地、水产养殖用地增加和林地减少为特征,建设用地斑块聚集度指数较高,斑块的聚集度指数逐年增加,整体上斑块的聚集度和连通性很好。不同景观指数(SHDI(景观斑块多样性)、PAFRAC(周长面积分维数)、PD(斑块密度指数)、LSI(斑块形状指数)、CA(斑块面积指数)、AI(景观聚集度指数)、COHESION(斑块结合度指数))对人为扰动因子均具有良好的表征。相关研究结论可为长岛南部岛群综合管理和生态红线划定提供有效依据。 相似文献
3.
基于3S技术的朝阳港潟湖湿地景观格局演变研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在朝阳港潟湖湿地景观分类体系基础上,利用3S技术对多时相的潟湖湿地景观格局进行了定量分析,结果表明,从1954年到2002年人工景观面积增加了532 hm2,景观格局指数呈现出景观多样性和均匀度增加、优势度下降的趋势;潟湖总体斑块密度从0.017 4个/hm2增加到0.034 6个/hm2,廊道密度从0.69 54 m/hm2增加到22.05 640m/hm2,景观破碎化程度逐渐增强. 潟湖湿地景观格局变化与人类的干扰活动密切相关,因此在潟湖湿地资源保护中合理调控人类的干扰活动尤为重要. 相似文献
4.
受自然过程和人类活动的影响,海岛景观生态风险处于不断演变之中。以浙江舟山朱家尖岛为例,基于1988-2014年间3期Landsat TM/ETM+遥感数据,进行土地利用/景观分类,计算景观格局指数,并引入生态风险指数,分析景观生态风险及其演变。结果表明:(1)26年间朱家尖岛景观格局发生了显著变化,林地和农田景观类型面积呈下降趋势,而建设用地、养殖区及未利用地等景观类型面积呈上升趋势;(2)1988年朱家尖岛以低和较低生态风险等级为主,至2014年中等和较高生态风险区面积持续上升,沿海出现高生态风险区;(3)从景观生态风险的空间演化趋势和速率看,低和较低生态风险区不断向岛内退缩,而中等和较高生态风险区不断向岛内扩张,朱家尖海峡大桥建成通车后的13年间景观生态风险等级的演化速率较前13年快。并初步探讨了降低以人类活动为主要风险源的海岛景观生态风险的方法。 相似文献
5.
分析评估海岸区域的生态景观和生态风险,对维持海岸带资源环境的可持续发展有重要意义。以1985、1995、2005及2014年4个时期的TM遥感影像为象山港流域景观格局分析的主要数据源,构建景观生态风险格局演变模型,对流域生态风险的时空特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)1985-2014年,研究区内景观结构发生了较大的变化,耕地、林地以及滩涂面积均呈减少态势,建设用地、未利用地和养殖用地及盐田面积呈增加态势;(2)近30年来,研究区内的景观生态风险在时间演变过程上发生了显著变化。1985年,象山港流域景观以低、较低等级生态风险区为主,分别占全区总面积的48.01%和34.35%,1995年低、较低等级生态风险区面积均有不同程度减少,中等生态风险区面积显著增加。至2014年,低生态风险区面积进一步减少,而高、较高生态风险区面积增加明显;(3)从风险格局演变来看,1985-2014年象山港流域景观低、较低等级生态风险区不断向流域上游迁移,面积呈减少趋势,中等、较高和高生态风险区在沿海地区不断扩展,侵占生态风险等级相对较低区域,以沿海平原的淤泥质海岸尤为典型。 相似文献
6.
以象山港海岸带为研究区域,利用1985年,1995年,2005年和2015年4期TM遥感影像数据,将土地利用类型分为8大类,通过计算土地利用类型动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用结构信息熵以及土地开发利用强度综合指数4种指标模型,分析了象山港海岸带1985-2015年土地开发利用的速度、结构、程度以及时空变化。结果表明:(1)1985-2015年象山港海岸带养殖用地及盐田扩张速度最快,动态度最高可达11.97%,建设用地扩张速度次之,但面积增幅最为显著,滩涂缩减速度最大,耕地面积明显减少;(2)30年间土地类型主要转变方向为耕地转为建设用地,其次为林地转变为耕地;(3)信息熵逐时期增加,土地利用结构均质性不断加强,区域发展在逐渐走向成熟;(4)各时期土地利用强度指数变化率均大于零,象山港海岸带土地开发利用强度不断增强。 相似文献
7.
《海洋通报(英文版)》2018,(2)
以象山港海岸带为研究区域,利用1985年,1995年,2005年和2015年4期TM遥感影像数据,将土地利用类型分为8大类,通过计算土地利用类型动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用结构信息熵以及土地开发利用强度综合指数4种指标模型,分析了象山港海岸带1985-2015年土地开发利用的速度、结构、程度以及时空变化。结果表明:(1) 1985年到2015年象山港海岸带养殖用地及盐田扩张速度最快,动态度最高可达11.97%,建设用地扩张速度次之,但面积增幅最为显著,滩涂缩减速度最大,耕地面积明显减少;(2) 30年间土地类型主要转变方向为耕地转为建设用地,其次为林地转变为耕地;(3)信息熵逐时期增加,土地利用结构均质性不断加强,区域发展在逐渐走向成熟;(4)各时期土地利用强度指数变化率均大于零,象山港海岸带土地开发利用强度不断增强。 相似文献
8.
长江口滨海湿地景观格局变化及其驱动力分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
长江口地区是我国经济比较发达的地区之一,滨海湿地为该区的发展提供了大量的后备土地资源和生态资源。通过对长江口地区的实地调查,将该区滨海湿地分为光滩沼泽、潮间沼泽、河口和浅海水域、河流湿地、湖泊湿地5种自然湿地景观,水塘、水田、水库3种人工湿地景观及居民地、建筑用地等非湿地景观类型。在景观分类的基础上,以1986年和1995年的TM影像、2005年的SPOT影像为主要材料,结合其他数据资料,利用相关软件生成了长江口滨海湿地的景观分布图。运用景观生态学原理,选择了景观斑块数(NP)、景观多样性指数(H)、优势度指数(D)、景观形状指数(LSI)等几个生态意义比较明确的景观格局指数来分析研究区景观格局的变化特征,并分析了该区景观格局变化的驱动因素。结果表明:1986~2005年,长江口滨海湿地的面积增加了5.81个百分点;景观斑块数(NP)由1986年的2 213块增加到2005年的2 667块,增加了20.51个百分点;景观多样性指数(H)由1986年的1.730 9上升为2005年的1.876 5;优势度指数(D)自1986年的1.122 7上升为2005年的1.293 4;景观形状指数(LSI)自1986年的44上升为2005年的48。其中面积的增加主要是长江所携带的泥沙在长江口不断淤积的结果,泥沙的淤积同时造成了长江口滨海湿地景观格局的变化,但是目前由于三峡大坝的截流和长江中上游植被面积的增加,长江携带的泥沙明显减少,使得长江口淤积速率有所减慢。上述几个景观指数的变化表示长江口滨海湿地的景观破碎化程度在加剧,景观格局在时间序列上也存在明显差异,调查研究表明,自然驱动力和人为驱动力同时作用于该区景观格局的变化。近20年来,随着经济的发展、人口数量的增加、围垦等活动的加剧,人类活动对研究区的改造导致了自然湿地的面积相对减少,滨海湿地的生态功能不断下降。 相似文献
9.
《海洋通报(英文版)》2018,(2)
以景观生态学相关指标为基础,定量分析了浙江省1990-2010年围填海的空间格局,研究表明:(1)浙江省围填海总面积20年间达108 760 ha,其中宁波市最大,嘉兴市最小;(2)各类用地斑块面积、个数、密度以及斑块面积变异系数差异明显,且地域之间差异显著;(3)不同地类用途的平均斑块形状指数和平均斑块分维数之间呈正相关关系,台州市和宁波市指数较高,嘉兴市和绍兴市较低;(4)受相关地形条件、发展需要、人类活动等影响,浙江省围填海类型聚集度较高;(5)由于围填海面积、岸线长度、用地类型等存在差异,沿海6个地级市的围填海平均强度指数和多样性指数差异显著。 相似文献
10.
随着东部沿海港湾地区的经济迅速发展和人工建设地貌的不断形成,港湾地区地貌格局也产生相应的变化。定量研究海岸带人工建设地貌时空格局变化,对全面科学合理地评价人类建设行为,具有一定的科学和实践价值。本文以象山港1990年、2000年、2010年及2015年4个时期TM/OLI遥感影像作为主要数据源,分析了25 a内象山港海岸带人工建设地貌强度变化,并进一步探讨其空间格局演变特征。研究表明:(1)象山港海岸带人工建设地貌发育呈现出早期高速增长、中期缓慢增加、后续强劲推进的态势,其面积增幅具有显著的历史阶段性特征;(2)各个县(市)区点状和面状地貌斑块数量整体波动上升,但其内部发育水平差异较大,宁海县与象山县地貌发育的速率与程度都处于领先水平;(3)其格局演化过程分为4个重要阶段:点状分散期,面状集聚期,条带状延展期与复合、更新扩散期。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
20.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献