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分４部分介绍互联网上与海洋生态系统动力学研究有关的信息资源、主要网址及其主要内容：（１）海洋生态系统模拟研究;（２）海洋科学研究组织和国际研究计划;（３）网上新闻讨论组;（４）海洋生态杂志。 相似文献
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为完善我国海洋生态保护制度,进一步提高基于生态系统的海洋综合管理水平,文章以海洋生态补偿为研究对象,系统梳理相关法律体系,并设计制度框架,具有创新性。研究结果表明:我国宪法、法律法规和政策规划确立海洋生态补偿的理论基础和实践方向;海洋生态补偿的制度框架包括动态监测、建模分析、圆桌会议和跟踪落实4个部分,分别承担建立海洋生态系统服务数据库,评估海洋生态系统服务价值,确定海洋生态补偿的主体、对象和标准以及评估海洋生态补偿效果4项任务;科学、全面和量化的海洋生态系统服务价值评估是关键,根据"服务-投入-福祉"模型,核算参考状态和现实状态的海洋生态系统服务价值、海洋生态福祉和投入资本的变化量,通过利益相关者的协商和博弈,确定海洋生态补偿标准;我国应加快海洋生态补偿的立法,加强对海洋生态系统的监测、评估和研究,推进海域之间、海洋与流域之间以及海洋保护区的横向补偿。 相似文献
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辽宁海洋生态补偿研究文献甚少,直面主要课题是机制创新。文章基于公共物品理论、外部性理论、生态价值理论、环境正义理论和可持续发展理论,遵循行为明确性原则、科学性原则、协商性原则、可操作性原则和动态性原则,依照海洋生态系统服务功能、海洋资源资产服务功能、海洋生态系统损害评估、海洋生态系统损失评估报告、海洋生态系统补偿与受偿主体确定、海洋生态系统补偿金额确定、海洋生态系统补偿执行、海洋生态系统补偿监控、海洋生态系统补偿评估与终结等运作程序创建了海洋生态补偿机制。进而,从提升社会公众认知、明确生态补偿制度、完善生态补偿机制、选定价值评估方法和评估生态补偿效益维度,探讨了海洋生态补偿实践路径。 相似文献
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随着海洋生态系统动力学的兴起,对系统观测资料的加工和数据管理显得越来越重要。海洋生态系统如此复杂,其模型的建立与验证依赖于聚集必需数据资料的能力,而资料制约着建模,所有的生态模型都需要一个强大的数据库,这是H.G.Fransz等(1991)在总结40a来北海生态建模研究时的一个结论。所以,建立特定海域的生态系统的数据库系统(简称海洋生态数据库系统)是对海洋生态系统进行数值研究的基础。另一方面,数据库已经成为各种计算机应用系统的核心部分,其技术得到惊人的发展。特别是最近世界范围的信息高速公路的兴建,又一次推动了数据库建设事业… 相似文献
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海洋生态系统动力学模型的可预测性是模型应用的重要限制因子之一,而模型稳定性则是模型可预测性的前提。本文提出了一个基于降维理论的方法,用于研究质量守恒的营养盐-浮游植物-浮游动物-碎屑(NPZD)这类海洋生态系统动力学模型的稳定性和Hopf分岔。研究结果显示,NPZD模型的非奇异平衡点是稳定的,而当模型参数在临界值附近变动时可能会发生Hopf分岔。同时,本文采用数值模拟的方法对该理论分析结果进行了实例验证。本文提出的基于降维理论的方法能够从理论上有效分析质量守恒系统的稳定性问题和Hopf分岔。 相似文献
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海洋生态系统动力学模型是研究海洋生态环境的重要手段。随着模型的发展, 生态参数取值不确定性增加, 对模型结果的影响逐渐增大, 因此模型参数优化显得尤为重要。本研究在南海北部应用一维物理-生态耦合模型, 通过对模型生态参数进行敏感性分析, 获取关键生态参数, 利用遗传算法对参数进行优化。结果表明, 模型中的敏感参数主要集中于浮游植物生长和浮游动物生长、摄食和死亡以及碎屑沉降等过程。针对以上参数利用遗传算法优化, 发现仅加入表层卫星数据, 模型表层和垂向模拟误差分别降低27.80%和21.40%; 加入垂向观测数据, 表层和垂向模拟误差分别降低14.90%和32.70%。遗传算法应用于海洋生态模型的关键参数优化研究, 所获取的参数对模型有明显的改善效果, 提高了耦合模型对生态系统的模拟精度, 为参数优化在三维模型中的应用提供了依据。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Marine legislation is becoming more complex and marine ecosystem-based management is specified in national and regional legislative frameworks. Shelf-seas community and ecosystem models (hereafter termed ecosystem models) are central to the delivery of ecosystem-based management, but there is limited uptake and use of model products by decision makers in Europe and the UK in comparison with other countries. In this study, the challenges to the uptake and use of ecosystem models in support of marine environmental management are assessed using the UK capability as an example. The UK has a broad capability in marine ecosystem modelling, with at least 14 different models that support management, but few examples exist of ecosystem modelling that underpin policy or management decisions. To improve understanding of policy and management issues that can be addressed using ecosystem models, a workshop was convened that brought together advisors, assessors, biologists, social scientists, economists, modellers, statisticians, policy makers, and funders. Some policy requirements were identified that can be addressed without further model development including: attribution of environmental change to underlying drivers, integration of models and observations to develop more efficient monitoring programmes, assessment of indicator performance for different management goals, and the costs and benefit of legislation. Multi-model ensembles are being developed in cases where many models exist, but model structures are very diverse making a standardised approach of combining outputs a significant challenge, and there is a need for new methodologies for describing, analysing, and visualising uncertainties. A stronger link to social and economic systems is needed to increase the range of policy-related questions that can be addressed. It is also important to improve communication between policy and modelling communities so that there is a shared understanding of the strengths and limitations of ecosystem models. 相似文献
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Towards end-to-end models for investigating the effects of climate and fishing in marine ecosystems 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
End-to-end models that represent ecosystem components from primary producers to top predators, linked through trophic interactions and affected by the abiotic environment, are expected to provide valuable tools for assessing the effects of climate change and fishing on ecosystem dynamics. Here, we review the main process-based approaches used for marine ecosystem modelling, focusing on the extent of the food web modelled, the forcing factors considered, the trophic processes represented, as well as the potential use and further development of the models. We consider models of a subset of the food web, models which represent the first attempts to couple low and high trophic levels, integrated models of the whole ecosystem, and size spectrum models. Comparisons within and among these groups of models highlight the preferential use of functional groups at low trophic levels and species at higher trophic levels and the different ways in which the models account for abiotic processes. The model comparisons also highlight the importance of choosing an appropriate spatial dimension for representing organism dynamics. Many of the reviewed models could be extended by adding components and by ensuring that the full life cycles of species components are represented, but end-to-end models should provide full coverage of ecosystem components, the integration of physical and biological processes at different scales and two-way interactions between ecosystem components. We suggest that this is best achieved by coupling models, but there are very few existing cases where the coupling supports true two-way interaction. The advantages of coupling models are that the extent of discretization and representation can be targeted to the part of the food web being considered, making their development time- and cost-effective. Processes such as predation can be coupled to allow the propagation of forcing factors effects up and down the food web. However, there needs to be a stronger focus on enabling two-way interaction, carefully selecting the key functional groups and species, reconciling different time and space scales and the methods of converting between energy, nutrients and mass. 相似文献
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Realistic modelling of marine ecosystems is necessary for improving our understanding of the ocean’s biogeochemical state and for predicting their response to anthropic perturbations. An essential step in achieving this task is the use of mechanistic formulations to describe the biogeochemical processes involved in the dynamics of marine pelagic ecosystems. This study provides a review on some modelling strategies for some of the key processes involved in the dynamics of phytoplankton. It encompasses the most advanced work in terms of mechanistic understanding and, therefore, mainly deals with photosynthesis (including photoacclimation and photoinhibition), respiration, and nutrient uptake (including multi-limitation of algal growth by nutrients). We highlight, that in many ecosystem models, phytoplankton processes are still described more or less empirically, mainly due to a lack of biochemical knowledge, or if a mechanistic formulation exists, the parameters are often difficult to assess experimentally. As a result of this investigation, a preliminary structure for a generic phytoplankton model is delivered in the last section of this paper. This model includes a mechanistic representation of photosynthesis/photoinhibition based on photosystem II status, as well as new formulations for photoacclimation and dissolved organic matter exudation processes. The model sensitivity analysis with regard to its parameters and a comparison with chemostat experimental data are presented in a companion paper [Baklouti, M., Faure, V., Pawlowski, L., Sciandra, A., 2006. Investigation and sensitivity analysis of a mechanistic phytoplankton model implemented in a new modular numerical tool (Eco3M) dedicated to biogeochemical modelling. Progress in Oceanography]. Finally, this new class of multi-element, multi-species phytoplankton models will provide the basis for future studies on ecosystem modelling. 相似文献
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大型底栖动物是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,在生态系统物流和能流中占有重要地位。定量估算海洋大型底栖动物次级生产力在其功能研究中具有重要意义。本文综述了海洋大型底栖动物次级生产力估算模型研究的3个阶段:起步阶段(1979-1990)、发展与完善(1990-2001)、成熟并广泛应用(2001-至今)。国内关于海洋大型底栖动物次级生产力估算基本都采用Brey(1990)经验公式,采用经验公式的方式可分为3类:逐种计算、按站位计算和按类群计算,逐种和按类群计算最符合Brey(1990)给出的参考步骤。不同方法估算同一海域次级生产力结果不同,同一估算方法估算不同生境不同群落次级生产力结果偏差也不同。今后的工作应注重种群次级生产力研究,积累大量基础数据,以便建立适宜我国特定海域的大型底栖动物次级生产力估算模型。 相似文献
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G. Lassalle J. Lobry F. Le Loc’h P. Bustamante G. Certain D. Delmas C. Dupuy C. Hily C. Labry O. Le Pape E. Marquis P. Petitgas C. Pusineri V. Ridoux J. Spitz N. Niquil 《Progress in Oceanography》2011,91(4):561-575
The Bay of Biscay (North-East Atlantic) has long been subjected to intense direct and indirect human activities that lead to the excessive degradation and sometimes overexploitation of natural resources. Fisheries management is gradually moving away from single-species assessments to more holistic, multi-species approaches that better respond to the reality of ecosystem processes. Quantitative modelling methods such as Ecopath with Ecosim can be useful tools for planning, implementing and evaluating ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies. The aim of this study was therefore to model the energy fluxes within the food web of this highly pressured ecosystem and to extract practical information required in the diagnosis of ecosystem state/health. A well-described model comprising 30 living and two non-living compartments was successfully constructed with data of local origin, for the Bay of Biscay continental shelf. The same level of aggregation was applied to primary producers, mid-trophic-levels and top-predators boxes. The model was even more general as it encompassed the entire continuum of marine habitats, from benthic to pelagic domains. Output values for most ecosystem attributes indicated a relatively mature and stable ecosystem, with a large proportion of its energy flow originating from detritus. Ecological network analysis also provided evidence that bottom-up processes play a significant role in the population dynamics of upper-trophic-levels and in the global structuring of this marine ecosystem. Finally, a novel metric based on ecosystem production depicted an ecosystem not far from being overexploited. This finding being not entirely consistent over indicators, further analyses based on dynamic simulations are required. 相似文献