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1.
本文研究了不同Cd2+浓度与不同温度交互作用对中国海洋大学微藻种质库(MACC)保存的小球藻(Chlorellasp.)、微绿球藻(Nannochloris oculata)和杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)的叶绿素荧光参数(PSII的最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm、PSII的实际光能转化效率Yield、光化学淬灭qP和非光化学淬灭NPQ)、叶绿素相对含量以及细胞密度的影响。结果表明,随着Cd2+浓度的升高,3株微藻的主要荧光参数、叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度均呈明显下降趋势。但微绿球藻的荧光参数Fv/Fm在对照组与10μmol/LCd2+浓度时基本一致,这可能与低浓度Cd2+在一定程度上刺激了微藻生长有关。相关性分析结果表明,3株微藻荧光参数Fv/Fm和Yield均与Cd2+浓度呈极显著的负相关,小球藻和微绿球藻的叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度与Cd2+浓度呈显著的负相关,杜氏盐藻的叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度在48h后与Cd2+浓度呈显著的负相关,随着Cd2+浓度的增加而降低。多重比较结果表明,小球藻在25℃时对Cd2+的耐受性最强,该温度下荧光参数(Fv/Fm和Yield)、细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量显著高于20℃与30℃处理组。与20℃和25℃相比,在30℃时微绿球藻对Cd2+更加敏感,各荧光参数值均较低,细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量明显下降。杜氏盐藻在25℃时对Cd2+的耐受性最强,15℃与35℃温度条件下,各参数均明显下降,表明不适合的温度会增加重金属Cd2+的胁迫作用。本文还初步探讨了叶绿素荧光技术在重金属与环境因子联合胁迫研究中的应用。 相似文献
2.
在模拟生态环境条件下研究了铜(Cu2+)、镉(Cd2+)和锌(Zn2+)3种重金属离子对2种海洋饵料微藻(青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)和等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana 8701))的急性毒性效应,分析其对种群增长的影响,并利用透射电镜对微藻亚显微结构的变化进行分析。在实验浓度范围内,2种微藻的种群增长对3种重金属离子的急性胁迫表现出类似的变化趋势,随着胁迫浓度的增加,微藻的相对增长率均呈现出不断下降的趋势;通过比较2种微藻的48hEC50和96h-EC50发现:3种重金属离子的毒性程度为Cu2+Cd2+Zn2+,等鞭金藻8701对重金属胁迫的敏感性高于青岛大扁藻。2种微藻的亚显微结构观察显示,二者的膜结构及细胞核对Cu2+胁迫并不太敏感;与对照组相比等鞭金藻8701的色素体及贮能物质受影响较严重,而青岛大扁藻的叶绿体及淀粉粒受影响较大。 相似文献
3.
重金属胁迫对纤细角毛藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同浓度的重金属离子(Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 )胁迫不同时间(24,48,72和96 h)后,纤细角毛藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的变化情况.测定的主要参数有:PSII最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo),PSII实际光能转化效率(Yield=ΦPSII),相对光合电子传递效率(rETR),光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ).实验结果表明,重金属离子(Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 )胁迫下纤细角毛藻的叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,Yield和rETR均明显降低,并且随着重金属离子浓度的增加,胁迫时间的延长,下降幅度逐步增大;重金属胁迫下,细胞密度和叶绿素含量也显著降低.3种重金属离子的半抑制浓度(EC50)的计算结果表明,胁迫时间为24和48 h时,3种重金属离子对纤细角毛藻各叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,Yield,Chll content)的毒性大小顺序为Cu2 ＞Zn2 ＞Cd2 ;胁迫时间为72和96 h时,3种重金属离子的毒性大小顺序为Cd2 ＞Cu2 ＞Zn2 .本文还对叶绿素荧光技术在检测微藻对重金属胁迫敏感性中的应用进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
4.
实验室条件下,研究不同抗生素胁迫对小球藻(Chlorella vulgarisBeij.)、金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana Parke8701.)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteriumEhr.)生长的影响。结果表明:1)低于100μg.mL-1的氯霉素作用下,小球藻和金藻8701叶绿素a含量变化与对照组无明显差异;小新月菱形藻叶绿素a含量显著降低。2)不同浓度梯度的遗传霉素(G418),均显著抑制3种微藻叶绿素a含量的增加。3)青霉素浓度低于100μg.mL-1时,能够促进3种藻叶绿素a的增加,但不同微藻间叶绿素a含量的相对增长率存在明显差异。试验结果可为微藻的基因工程选择标记和无菌培养体系的建立提供参考。 相似文献
5.
二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)是脂类合成途径中的关键酶,其表达水平的高低影响着脂类含量的高低。微量元素Fe3+对于微藻的生长不可或缺,且影响着微藻中油脂的累积。本实验以假微型海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana)为研究对象,分析了铁限制(0.000 03mmol/L)和高铁胁迫(0.3 mmol/L)2种Fe3+胁迫条件下,不同种群生长期中性脂累积及二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)的基因表达受到的影响。结果显示:铁限制条件下,微藻种群生长及其中性脂的合成受到抑制,DGAT的表达量下降;高铁胁迫条件下,高浓度Fe3+可促进中性脂合成与DGAT的表达,但抑制微藻种群生长。因此,富铁条件下更利于总脂的收集。 相似文献
6.
7.
Cd2+胁迫对6株微藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同浓度的Cd2+胁迫不同时间(24h、48h、72h和96h)后,6株微藻(绿色巴夫藻Pavlova viridis、等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系Tahitian Isochrysis galbana、小球藻Chlorella sp.、微绿球藻Nannochloris oculata、雨生红球藻Haematococus pluvialis和塔胞藻Pyramidomonas sp.)生长及叶绿素荧光特性的变化情况.测定的主要参数有:PSII的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII的实际光能转化效率(Yield)、相对光合电子传递效率(rETR)、细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量.研究结果表明,Cd2+胁迫下6株微藻的荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield、rETR、细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量均与Cd2+浓度呈显著的负相关,均随着Cd2+浓度的增加而降低.胁迫时间对各荧光参数也有显著影响.随着胁迫时间的延长,绿色巴夫藻的Fv/Fm、Yield和rETR逐渐下降,Fv/Fo先下降后上升,至72h时又有所下降;等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系和微绿球藻的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield和rETR随着胁迫时间的延长均逐渐下降;小球藻和雨生红球藻的上述荧光参数先下降,之后分别在48h和72h时逐渐上升;塔胞藻的上述荧光参数则先上升后下降.在Cd2+胁迫下,6株微藻细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量也显著降低,随着胁迫时间的延长,细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量下降的幅度也逐步增大.相关分析结果表明,6株微藻的叶绿素相对含量与细胞密度均呈极显著的正相关关系.通过细胞密度计算出来的Cd2+对6株微藻96h的半抑制浓度(96h-EC50)分别为绿色巴夫藻(151.538μmol/L),等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系(14.161μmol/L),小球藻(17.150μmol/L),微绿球藻(3.498μmol/L),雨生红球藻(15.205μmol/L),塔胞藻(19.722μmol/L),因此6株微藻对Cd2+的耐受性大小顺序为:绿色巴夫藻>塔胞藻>小球藻>雨生红球藻>等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系>微绿球藻. 相似文献
8.
研究中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)生长对不同质量浓度的5种金属离子胁迫的响应,探讨5种金属离子对中肋骨条藻叶绿素a合成的影响.结果显示:生长方面,中肋骨条藻对Cd2+和Ba2+的响应较明显,培养至第10天,Cd2+质量浓度为1、10 mg/L组生长量仅有对照组的59％及43.6％; Ba2+质量浓度为2 mg/L组到第10天是对照组的69.4％,而0.5 mg/L组超过对照组38.9％;中肋骨条藻对其他金属离子的胁迫响应不明显;叶绿素合成方面,Cd2+质量浓度为1 mg/L时,叶绿素a合成量达最高,高于对照组157％;而Ba2+质量浓度为0.5、1 mg/L时,超出对照组的116％和483％;其他金属离子对中肋骨条藻叶绿素a合成均起抑制作用,各个质量浓度组均低于对照组,其中pb2+质量浓度为0.3 mg/L、Mn2+质量浓度为1 mg/L及Li+质量浓度为0.1 mg/L时,叶绿素a含量达最低值,仅为对照组的34.1％、37.5％和17.6％;结论是质量浓度为0.5 mg/L的Ba2+可促进中肋骨条藻的生长及叶绿素的合成,对其产业化规模培养具有重要意义. 相似文献
9.
重金属胁迫对杜氏盐藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了杜氏盐藻Dunaliella salina在不同浓度的Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+等重金属离子胁迫一段时间(24、48、72和96 h)后,叶绿素荧光特性的变化情况。测定的主要参数有:PSII的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII的实际光能转化效率(Yield)、相对光合电子传递效率(rETR)、光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)。研究结果表明,当Cu2+浓度范围在600~800μmol/L时,杜氏盐藻的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield、rETR和qP均明显降低,NPQ变化不规律,随着胁迫时间的延长,除qP在96 h时有所上升外,各荧光参数均逐渐降低;Zn2+胁迫下Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield和rETR随着浓度的增加而降低,NPQ先下降后上升,qP仅在Zn2+浓度范围(800~3200μmol/L)下明显下降,随着胁迫时间的延长,各荧光参数均逐渐降低;Cd2+胁迫下各荧光参数均明显下降,随着胁迫时间的延长,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和NPQ先下降后上升,在48 h时达到最低值,Yield、rETR和qP均逐渐降低。在3种重金属离子胁迫下,细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量也显著降低。根据3种重金属离子的半抑制浓度(EC50),其毒性大小顺序为Cu2+Cd2+Zn2+。 相似文献
10.
环烷酸是高酸原油的主要污染组分,对水生生态系统造成潜在威胁。在不同浓度环烷酸处理下对两种模式淡水微藻——莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)进行了96 h的连续培养,研究了环烷酸胁迫对两种淡水微藻种群及生理生化特征的影响,旨在为水生生态系统中环烷酸污染的生态风险预测与规避提供前瞻性的研究资料。研究结果表明,低浓度环烷酸(0.5～4 mg/L)会刺激淡水微藻的种群增长,而高浓度环烷酸(8～16 mg/L)会抑制淡水微藻的种群增长,造成急性毒性损伤。低浓度环烷酸处理下两种微藻叶绿素a含量上升,脂质积累,高浓度环烷酸处理下两种微藻叶绿素a含量下降而多糖含量上升,推测环烷酸剂量可能会影响淡水微藻能量存储方式。两种微藻在环烷酸胁迫下均会受到氧化损伤,造成活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量上升,两种微藻抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)对环烷酸处理具有种属差异;高浓度环烷酸对淡水微藻的急性损伤具有时间效应,毒性随... 相似文献
11.
The effects of light on the fluorescence characteristics and biochemical composition of a marine diatom Tha-lassiosira pseudonana in light and dark cycles were investigated with semi-continuous culture. The results indicate that, with the increase of growing light intensity, DCMU enhanced fluorescence yield (Fd/Chl), enhanced fluorescence ratio (Fd/F) , cellular carbohydrate content. carbohydrate/chlorophyll a and carbohydrate/protein ratio increased , but the fluorescence yield and cellular chlorophyll a content decreased; The protein content declined with the increase of light intensity in the range of 10- 100 μmol/ (m2·s) and increased at higher than 100 μmol/ (m2·s). Sampling time during the day had great effect on the relationships between growing light intensity and cellular chlorophyll a , carbohydrate content , carbohydrate/chlorophyll a and carbohydrate/protein ratio. 相似文献
12.
Mi Ok Park 《Ocean Science Journal》2006,41(4):301-313
Abundance and distribution of phytoplankton in seawater at southwestern East/Japan Sea near Gampo were investigated by HPLC
analysis of photosynthetic pigments during summer of 1999. Detected photosynthetic pigments were chlorophyll a, b, c1+2 (Chl a, Chl b, Chl c1+2), fucoxanthin (Fuco), prasinoxanthin (Pras), zeaxanthin (Zea), 19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco) and beta-carotene (β-Car).
Major carotenoid was fucoxanthin (bacillariophyte) and minor carotenoids were Pras (prasinophyte), Zea (cyanophyte) and But-fuco
(chrysophyte). Chl a concentrations were in the range of 0.16-8.3/land subsurface chlorophyll maxima were observed at 0-10m
at inshore and 30–50 m at offshore. Thermocline and nutricline tilted to the offshore direction showed a mild upwelling condition.
Results from size-fraction showed that contribution from nano+picoplankton at Chl a maximum layer was increased from 18% at
inshore to 69% at offshore on average. The maximum contribution from nano+picoplankton was found as 87% at St. E4. It was
noteworthy that contribution from nano+picoplanktonic crysophytes and green algae to total biomass of phytoplankton was significant
at offshore. Satellite images of sea surface temperature indicated that an extensive area of the East/Japan Sea showed lower
temperature (<18 °C) but the enhanced Chl a patch was confined to a narrow coastal region in summer, 1999. Exceptionally high
flux of low saline water from the Korea/Tsushima Strait seemed to make upwelling weak in summer of 1999 in the study area.
Results of comparisons among Chl a from SeaWIFs, HPLC and fluorometric analysis showed that presence of Chl b cause underestimation
of Chl a about 30% by fluorometric analysis but overestimation by satellite data about 30-75% compared to HPLC data. 相似文献
13.
Significant effort has been invested in understanding the role of iron in marine ecosystems over the past few decades. What began as shipboard amendment experiments quickly grew into a succession of in situ, mesoscale ocean iron fertilization (OIF) experiments carried out in all three high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the world ocean. Dedicated process studies have also looked at regions of the ocean that are seasonally exposed to iron-replete conditions as natural OIF experiments. However, one problem common to many OIF experiments is determination of biological response beyond the duration of the experiment (typically<1 month). Satellite-derived products have been used to address this shortcoming with some success, but thus far, have been limited snapshots of a single parameter, chlorophyll. Here, we investigate phytoplankton responses to OIF in both purposeful and naturally iron enriched systems using estimates of chlorophyll (Chl), phytoplankton carbon biomass (Cphyto), their ratio (Chl:Cphyto) and two fluorescence indices, fluorescence per unit chlorophyll (FLH:Chl) and the chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency (ϕf). These quantities allow partitioning of the biological response to OIF into that due to changes in biomass and that due to phytoplankton physiology. We find that relative increases in Chl (∼10–20x) following OIF far exceed increases in Cphyto (<4–5x), suggesting that a significant fraction of the observed Chl increase is associated with physiological adjustment to increased growth rates, photoacclimation, and floristic shifts in the phytoplankton community. Further, a consistent pattern of decreased satellite fluorescence efficiency (FLH:Chl or ϕf) following OIF is observed that is in agreement with current understanding of phytoplankton physiological responses to relief from iron stress. The current study extends our ability to retrieve phytoplankton physiology from space-based sensors, strengthens the link between satellite fluorescence and iron availability, and shows that satellite ocean color analyses provide a unique tool for monitoring OIF experiments. 相似文献
14.
重金属胁迫对塔胞藻细胞密度及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用调制式叶绿素荧光仪测定了重金属(Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+)胁迫(24h、48h、72h和96h)对塔胞藻叶绿素荧光特性的影响.测定的主要参数有:PSII的原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII的实际光能转化效率(Yield)、相对表现电子传递效率(rETR)、光化学淬灭(qP... 相似文献
15.
High-resolution autonomous glider data (including temperature, salinity, fluorescence, and optical backscatter) collected during the 2010–2011 austral summer identified variations in phytoplankton biomass along two glider sections near 76°40′S. Sea surface temperatures were warmer during the latter, westward section, while mixed layer depths were deeper. Substantial quantities of Modified Circumpolar Deep Water, identified by neutral density criteria, were located within both sections. Chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations computed from fluorescence exhibited daily quenching near the surface, and deep chlorophyll concentrations at 200 m became periodically elevated, suggesting substantial export on small space and time scales. The concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) computed from backscatter increased abruptly during the latter, westward section, concurrent with a decrease in chlorophyll. These higher POC:Chl ratios were not strongly correlated with presence of MCDW or with shallower mixed layer depths, but were strongly associated with higher surface temperatures and wind speed. The observed POC:Chl increase suggests a marked spatial and temporal transition between a Phaeocystis antarctica-dominated assemblage characterized by modest POC:Chl ratios to a diatom-dominated assemblage. Finally, a subsampling analysis highlights the capability of high-resolution glider data to resolve these biological/physical parameter correlations that are not discernible from lower frequency data typical of traditional cruise stations. 相似文献
16.
中国东部海域浮游植物类群遥感反演研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浮游植物类群遥感反演能够为全面认识浮游植物在海洋生态系统中的作用提供重要的数据资料。但由于复杂的水体光学特性,近海浮游植物类群遥感反演存在着巨大挑战。本研究以复杂光学二类水体—中国东部海域为研究区,通过使用3种建模方法,即波段组合法、基于奇异值分解的多元线性回归法、基于奇异值分解的XGBoost回归法,利用遥感反射率数据反演浮游植物类群。经原位实测数据集验证,基于奇异值分解的XGBoost回归法构建的8类浮游植物叶绿素a浓度反演模型的精度最高,其中硅藻、甲藻的叶绿素a浓度反演模型在验证集上的决定系数均大于0.7。相比之下,3种建模方法估算得到的绿藻、蓝藻和金藻的叶绿素a浓度精度较低（验证结果的决定系数小于0.45）。同时,研究评估了OLCI影像的3种大气校正方法（C2RCC、POLYMER、MUMM）在中国东部海域的适用性。结果显示,相对于其他两种大气校正算法,C2RCC在各波段有较好的表现（均方根误差小于0.004 8 sr?1）。将3种浮游植物类群反演模型应用到大气校正后的OLCI影像,验证结果显示,利用基于奇异值分解的多元线性回归法建立的硅藻叶绿素a浓度模型有较好的反演精度（决定系数为0.56）。 相似文献
17.
表征赤潮水体太阳激发的叶绿素荧光高度的波段优化——归一化荧光高度法 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用现场实测和室内培养两种方式测定了甲藻、赤潮异弯藻、叉角藻、海洋蓝绿藻等赤潮和新月菱形藻、叉鞭金藻、塔胞藻、扁藻和小球藻等非赤潮藻类光谱曲线.采用度量太阳激发的叶绿素荧光峰高度的归一化荧光高度法,建立了不同藻类归一化荧光高度与叶绿素浓度的关系.荧光高度计算方法是将红光波段的反射率最大值(Rmaxred)和R685分别归一化到560 nm处的R560和560 nm附近整个光谱曲线的最大值R560 max上或675 nm处的R675和675 nm附近的最小值R675mini上.结果表明,不同藻类的Rmaxred/R560max和Rmaxred/R675mini与叶绿素a的相关系数分别比R685/R560和R685/R675与叶绿素的相关系数高,但在海洋现场测量中由于近岸二类水体其他水色组分以及大气校正误差的影响,Rmaxred/R675mini和R685/R675更适合于实测的叶绿素浓度估算.采用三种统计回归方程建立了不同藻类归一化荧光高度与叶绿素浓度关系,除个别藻种外,大部分的相关系数在0.9以上,其中FLH=a+(Chla)b回归方程得到的相关系数优于其他两种方法,相关系数大于0.93,这表明藻类水体的荧光特性和叶绿素浓度之间的普遍关系是非线性的. 相似文献
18.
采用中心组合设计和响应曲面法在实验室条件下研究了Cd2+与Zn2+对马氏珠母贝受精率的影响。Cd2+、Zn2+的浓度范围分别为0.030—20mg/L、0.100—20mg/L。结果表明:Cd2+与Zn2+两因子对马氏珠母贝受精率的一次效应极显著(P<0.01);Cd2+与Zn2+两因子一次互作效应极显著(P<0.01)。经响应曲面法分析,随着Cd2+与Zn2+浓度的增加受精率呈下降趋势,当Zn2+浓度在最低浓度(0.100mg/L)时,受精率随着Cd2+浓度的上升而下降;当Cd2+浓度在最低浓度(0.030mg/L)时,受精率随Zn2+浓度的上升而先下降后升高。本实验建立了马氏珠母贝受精率与Cd2+、Zn2+间关系的模型方程(R2=0.996,Adj.R2=0.987,Pred.R2=0.887,P<0.01)并可用于预测Cd2+、Zn2+对马氏珠母贝受精率的影响。 相似文献
19.
Distribution characteristics of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary productivity in Beibu Gulf 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The distribution of the abundance of phytoplankton, chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentration and primary productivity in the Beibu Gulf were observed from May 23 to June 4, 1994.The results show that there were marked featares of spatial zonation in the survey area due to the differences between the geographic environment and the hydrological conditions.Chlorophyll a and primary productivity were higher in the inshore than in the middle area and higher in the north than in the south of the Beibu Gulf.The average concentration of Chl.a, primary productivity and the abundance of phytoplankton were 0.94±0.45 μg/dm3, 351±172 mg/(m2·d) (C) and 0.97×104-10.050×104 ind./m3 in the area, respectively.There were 176 species belonging to 4 phyla and 56 genera based on microscope identification.The results of the size-fractionation show that the contribution of nanoplankton and picoplankton was 77% to total Chl.a and 91% to total primary productivity, which proved their importance to phytoplankton communities in the Beibu Gulf. 相似文献