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1.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(4)
基于德国马普所大气模式ECHAM5的输出结果,对RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5三种情景下21世纪冬季北大西洋涛动(NAO)与冬季北半球风暴轴的变化特征进行探究。结果显示,3种情景下,NAO指数(NAOI)均表现出9-14年的周期,冬季两大洋风暴轴强度均呈增长趋势,2大风暴轴位置震荡总呈东北(西南)向。辐射较强的情景,冬季北太平洋风暴轴的平均位置越偏向亚欧大陆,冬季北大西洋风暴轴的平均面积指数越大且平均位置越偏西。合成分析结果显示,3种情景下,从NAO强年、平均态依次到弱年,2大洋风暴轴的响应不尽相同:RCP2.6情景中,北太平洋风暴轴明显远离欧亚大陆,强度和面积指数递减,而北大西洋风暴轴面积指数却显著递增;RCP4.5情景中,北半球两大洋上风暴轴面积均逐渐增大,北大西洋风暴轴逐渐靠近美洲大陆,强度也加强;RCP8.5中,冬季北太平洋风暴轴面积指数增大,位置远离亚欧大陆,强度增强,北大西洋风暴轴强度显著递增。 相似文献
2.
高原泥炭记录揭示的全新世季风快速变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用青藏高原东北缘的泥炭沉积记录,重建了该地区全新世冬、夏季风快速波动历史,清晰地识别出9次可与北大西洋浮冰碎屑事件及低纬海面降温事件相对比的气候干冷事件。总有机碳含量频谱分析揭示的1 428、512、2552、17 a气候准周期,表明中纬度地区百年至千年尺度气候韵律的存在,全新世气候快速变化具有全球性。 相似文献
3.
依据对2000/2001—2014/2015年冬季渤海海冰范围和海平面气压(SLP)场季节内和年际变化的分析表明,SLP场与海冰范围关系密切,其中西伯利亚高压、冰岛低压附近为正相关区,亚速尔高压附近为负相关区。西伯利亚高压的变化在季节内和年际尺度上同时影响渤海海冰,北大西洋涛动(NAO)与渤海海冰的相关性主要表现在年际尺度上。研究表明,渤海海冰逐年冬季的季节内变化有所不同,在2003/2004、2004/2005、2007/2008年存在9~12候的显著周期,与大气30~60d的季节内振荡相对应,但在2009/2010年以后这一周期没有再出现,而西伯利亚高压相关区SLP的9~12候信号在整个研究时段相对较明显,这可以解释在季节内尺度上西伯利亚相关区与海冰范围的相关性在2009/2010年以后明显减小的现象;在年际尺度上,2007/2008年以后NAO(冰岛和亚速尔相关区SLP)与海冰范围的相关性突然增大,这一变化是由NAO和海冰范围(渤海地区气温)的2~4年和4~8年周期从2007/2008年开始更加契合引起的。NAO年际周期的变化可能会通过大气环流的北极-亚洲遥相关模态对渤海海冰范围产生影响。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(1)
利用NCEP-NCAR再分析位势高度、风矢量、海表面热通量数据,HadSST1再分析海温资料、CPC逐月北大西洋涛动(NAO)指数等,通过滞后回归分析了北大西洋海温异常对NAO的影响。结果显示,夏秋季北大西洋马蹄型海温通过海洋-大气相互作用导致冬季大气呈现NAO型气压场特征;与此同时,秋季大气场表现出反位相的NAO型环流形势突变,ECHAM4大气环流模型数值试验和观测资料统计分析均发现:热带大西洋海温异常(对流异常)可激发向中高纬度传播的遥相关波列,且具有秋季锁相的特征。马蹄型海温对大气的局地强迫联合热带大西洋异常海温的遥相关作用使得秋季NAO完成一次正负位相转换。 相似文献
5.
南大西洋在地理上连接着北大西洋、南大洋和印度洋。通过环流输运或海表温度变化,该海域的上层海洋热含量(OHC)的变化可能对与之相连的各个洋盆间的再分布产生影响。本文基于1958—2015年的ORAS4全球海洋再分析数据和中国科学院大气物理研究所的格点海温数据集,利用经验正交函数(EOF)分析、相关分析等方法,分析了南大西洋上层海洋不同积分深度(0~100 m,0~300 m,0~500 m,0~700 m)OHC的时空变化特征。EOF第一模态显示,过去60 a来,南大西洋上层700 m存在一个洋盆尺度的变暖趋势,而且随着热含量积分深度的增加,第一模态所解释的方差占比也明显增加。OHC变化EOF第一模态与以年际变化为主的NAO和ENSO指数相关性很低,而与代表较长时间变率的AMO和PDO指数却有较好相关性,且与AMO的相关性随着积分深度的增加而提高。超前滞后相关分析显示AMO滞后南大西洋OHC变化9~12 a,显示南大西洋OHC变化对北大西洋气候变化的潜在影响。南大西洋OHC变化EOF第一模态与PDO之间相关性随着积分深度的增加而降低,显示PDO对OHC的影响主要在表层。另外发现整个洋盆的热含量变化与温跃层变化呈正相关,热含量的变化反映温跃层的动态波动。 相似文献
6.
尝试恢复了中全新世东亚冬季风表现出的太阳活动以及ENSO周期变化。通过对东海内陆架泥质沉积区EC2005孔进行粒度分析以及AMS碳-14测年,对高分辨率敏感粒度资料揭示的中全新世近700a(距今5.2~5.9ka)东亚冬季风记录与GRIP冰心氧同位素记录的气候变化进行了对比,良好的对应关系说明,东亚冬季风变化与格陵兰冰心揭示的古气候变化有某种内在联系,期间东亚冬季风的增强得到了良好的区域性响应,同时又具有全球性背景。中全新世东亚冬季风具有明显的周期变化,主要表现为62,11a的太阳活动周期以及与现代ENSO周期相似的6,5a周期。东海内陆架EC2005孔泥质沉积物揭示的中全新世东亚冬季风变化与格陵兰冰心氧同位素记录的良好对应说明两者有相似的发生机制,可能是太阳活动以及古ENSO对全球气候系统的影响所致。 相似文献
7.
西北干旱区湖泊沉积记录反映的全新世气候波动周期性变化 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
采用多窗谱分析方法研究了夏季风边缘区——甘肃民勤盆地石羊河流域湖泊沉积物所记录的全新世以来气候波动的周期性。结果表明，该区域的气候变化存在明显的1553、1190、686、617、504、314、180及131a等主要周期。1553a主周期变化所对应的明显干湿期有6—7次。其他百年尺度的周期变化在早中全新世波动幅度较大，到中、晚全新世其波幅逐渐减小。其中准1500a的周期波动在整个全新世石羊河流域气候变化中都有反映，而500～700a的周期波动在中全新世气候变化过程中起重要作用。 相似文献
8.
本文用复经验正交函数(CEOF)分析方法,研究了1899～1980年北太平洋冬季海平面气压场的时空结构,指出北太平洋中部的高、低纬度地区分别为二个半永久性大气活动中心(阿留申低压和副热带高压)。并指出该地区的空间波是一行波,其传播方向是自西北向东南的准纬向方向,且高低纬度地区气压距平变化是反位相关系。 采用多维谱分析方法,探讨了各季节的南方涛动指数(SOI)与气压场的振荡特性,结果表明它们之间存在准3.5年的耦合振荡,且以南方涛动变化超前气压场为主要特点,冬季更为显著。 相似文献
9.
基于气旋识别追踪算方法和ERA-Interim再分析数据,提取获得了北美北大西洋地区(20°N-80°N,130°W-0°W)1979-2012年冬季的温带气旋数据集。经统计分析表明,温带气旋的生成源地和活动范围有向西南方向漂移的趋势,且温带气旋生成源地的平均纬向、经向位置,以及其活动范围的平均经向位置与冬季NAO指数具有显著相关性。通过进一步合成分析发现,冬季NAO正位相事件期间700 h Pa强斜压性区域较负位相事件期间偏北、偏东,这在一定程度上解释了不同位相事件期间温带气旋生成源地的分布差异。NAO正位相事件期间500 h Pa的西风带位置较负位相事件期间偏北则是NAO正位相事件期间温带气旋活动范围偏北的原因。而冬季NAO正(负)位相显示出减少(增加)的趋势,进而导致了研究区域内温带气旋的生成源地向西南偏移,活动范围向南偏移。 相似文献
10.
20世纪60年代， Namias(1969)就发现北太平洋海平面气压(SLP)存在10a以上长周期的变化，这种变化与北美冬季气温异常密切相关。70年代以后，又有人(White et al.，1972； Trenberth，1990； Trenberth et al.，1994)对上述变化作了进一步的验证，并指出1976年以后北太平洋的SLP异常偏低，即阿留申低压异常偏强。以阿留申低压为主要活动中心的大气年代际振荡被称为北太平洋涛动(NPDO)，它与北大西洋涛动(NAO)一起构成年代际气候变动最重要的观测依据，北太平洋年代际振荡的机制也引起了人们的广泛兴趣。作为大气运动的缓变下垫面强迫之一的海表面温度(SST)，它的异常变化对年际气候的显著影响已被公认(Wallace et al.，1981，1998)，由此推断，其对年代际时间尺度气候变化的影响可能也不可忽视。众所周知，SST年际变化最显著区位于赤道中东太平洋(如Nino 3区)，而与北太平洋年代际振荡显著相关的SST变化(时间变化和空间分布)又如何呢?作者就这一问题，分析了北太平洋大气环流年代际振荡的时、空变化特征，并揭示了与之相关的SST变化的时间变化和空间分布。 相似文献
11.
The extended North Atlantic low-pressure zone exhibits two pressure minima in the long-term winter mean: the primary one west of Iceland and the secondary one near Norwegian Lofotes Islands. Based on the ERA-40 data set and on wintertime monthly sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies at both places, the states of co- and antivariability are investigated. The covariability represents states of a strongly or weakly developed North Atlantic low-pressure zone. The difference between these two states represents the NAO pattern. The antivariability is defined by an Iceland–Lofotes difference (ILD) index, which is positive (negative) when the anomaly in the Lofotes area is higher (lower) than that in the Iceland area. An ILD pattern is calculated as difference between SLP composites for high and low ILD indices. The ILD pattern extends horizontally beyond the two centers and affects other prominent Northern Hemisphere pressure centres: Aleutian low; Siberian high and Azores high. The pattern extends into the stratosphere and shows significant impacts on surface air temperature, Arctic sea ice concentration and sea ice motion. 相似文献
12.
Interdecadal changes in the links between European precipitation and atmospheric circulation during boreal spring and fall 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
IGOR I. ZVERYAEV 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2009,61(1):50-56
A gridded monthly terrestrial precipitation from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU), University of East Anglia data set and the UK Met Office Northern Hemisphere mean sea level pressure data are used to investigate interdecadal changes in the relationships between precipitation variability over Europe and atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic–European sector during boreal spring and fall.
Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, performed for the climatic periods of strong/weak links to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during spring and fall, revealed considerable interdecadal changes both in the strength and the structure of the links between European precipitation and regional atmospheric circulation. During periods of strong links to the NAO, the leading SVD mode is characterized by the NAO-like meridional dipole in sea level pressure (SLP) fields and associated opposite precipitation variations over northern/southern Europe. When the links to the NAO are weak, the leading SVD mode is represented by the tripole pattern in SLP fields over the North Atlantic–European region, driving regional precipitation variability both in spring and fall. Further correlation analysis has shown that this mode is associated with the Scandinavian teleconnection pattern (SCA). Thus, for the considered seasons during periods of weak NAO influence, the SCA plays a role of major driver of the regional precipitation variability. 相似文献
Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, performed for the climatic periods of strong/weak links to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during spring and fall, revealed considerable interdecadal changes both in the strength and the structure of the links between European precipitation and regional atmospheric circulation. During periods of strong links to the NAO, the leading SVD mode is characterized by the NAO-like meridional dipole in sea level pressure (SLP) fields and associated opposite precipitation variations over northern/southern Europe. When the links to the NAO are weak, the leading SVD mode is represented by the tripole pattern in SLP fields over the North Atlantic–European region, driving regional precipitation variability both in spring and fall. Further correlation analysis has shown that this mode is associated with the Scandinavian teleconnection pattern (SCA). Thus, for the considered seasons during periods of weak NAO influence, the SCA plays a role of major driver of the regional precipitation variability. 相似文献
13.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(10-11):1323-1338
Gridded fields of sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), and wind speed were used in combination with data for the atmospheric mole fraction of CO2 and an empirical relationship between measured values of the fugacity of carbon dioxide in surface water and SST, to calculate the air–sea CO2 flux in the northern North Atlantic. The flux was calculated for each of the months October–March, in the time period 1981 until 2001, allowing for an assessment of the interannual variations in the region. Locally and on a monthly time scale, the interannual variability of the flux could be as high as ±100% in regions seasonally covered by sea ice. However, in open-ocean areas the variability was normally between ±20% and ±40%. The interannual variability was found to be approximately halved when fluxes averaged over each winter season were compared. Summarised over the whole northern North Atlantic, the air to sea carbon flux over winter totalled 0.08 Gton, with an interannual variability of about ±7%. On a monthly basis the interannual variations were slightly higher, about ±8% to ±13%. Changes in wind speed and atmospheric fCO2 (the latter directly related to SLP variations) accounted for most of the interannual variations of the computed air–sea CO2 fluxes. A tendency for increasing CO2 flux into the ocean with increasing values of the NAO index was identified. 相似文献
14.
Influence of long-term regional and large-scale atmospheric circulation on the Baltic sea level 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HELÉN C. ANDERSSON 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2002,54(1):76-88
The connection between variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the Baltic sea level has been investigated for the period 1825–1997. The association between the NAO and the strength of the zonal geostrophic wind stress over the Northwest Atlantic suggests an NAO impact on Baltic sea level variations, because the monthly mean sea level mainly is determined by externally driven variations caused by wind conditions over the North Sea. Several period bands were found to have high correlation between oscillations in the winter (JFM) NAO index and the Baltic Sea winter mean sea level. The correlation was, however, higher in the 20th century than in the 19th. During the last two decades, the correlation between the NAO index and the sea level has been exceptionally high. The winter mean of a regional atmospheric circulation index had a correlation with the Kattegat winter mean sea level of 0.93. With the Baltic sea level the correlation was 0.91, compared with the NAO index correlation for the same period of 0.74. The regional index also showed a high correlation with the mean summer and mean autumn sea levels, when the corresponding seasonal NAO indices showed a weak connection. The temporal variation of the connection with the NAO index implies a regional atmospheric circulation occasionally differing from the large-scale circulation associated with the NAO. Seasonal means of the sea level in Stockholm do, however, reflect the regional wind climate to a large extent, and the Baltic sea level is a useful proxy for identifications of climatic dependencies in the region. 相似文献
15.
为了探索北大西洋涛动形成的大尺度大气物理场背景条件和外部强迫因子,通过对比分析、相关分析和环流系统温压场垂直结构分析得到:(1)强火山活动指数距平与冰岛低压和亚速尔高压海平面气压场(SLP)距平总体相关函数符号相反,强火山活动指数与冰岛低压SLP为反相关,与亚速尔高压SLP为正相关,就是说火山活动指数异常引起了高纬度冰岛低压和中低纬度亚速尔高压海平面气压场相反的变化趋势,形成高低纬之间海平面气压场反相振荡;(2)夏季7月亚速尔高压对流层中下层至海平面,温度距平中心和位势高度距平中心距平符号大致正正相对负负相对,说明夏季亚速尔高压为深厚暖性系统,低层温度升高亚速尔高压加强,低层温度降低亚速尔高压减弱,所以火山活动指数与亚速尔高压SLP均呈反相关关系;冬季1月对流层中下层至海平面,温度距平和位势高度距平符号大致正负相对,说明冬季亚速尔高压为浅薄系统,低层温度升高亚速尔高压减弱,低层温度降低亚速尔高压加强,所以火山活动指数与亚速尔高压SLP均呈正相关关系;(3)冬季1月冰岛低压对流层中下层至海平面,温度距平中心和位势高度距平中心距平符号大致正正相对负负相对,说明冬季冰岛低压为深厚冷性系统,低层温度升高冰岛低压减弱,低层温度降低冰岛低压加深,所以火山活动指数与冰岛低压SLP均呈反相关关系;夏季7月对流层中下层至海平面,温度距平和位势高度距平符号大致正负相对,说明夏季冰岛低压为浅薄系统,低层温度升高冰岛低压减弱,低层温度降低冰岛低压加深,所以火山活动指数与冰岛低压SLP均呈正相关关系;(4).由于对流层中下层至海平面冰岛低压和亚速尔高压冬、夏季温压场结构特点基本相反,火山活动指数异常在两个环流系统中引起了相反响应,导致高低纬之间海平面气压场反相振荡,形成了影响广泛的著名的北大西洋涛动现象。 相似文献
16.
春季北大西洋涛动与夏季西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数关系的年代际变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present study reveals the fact that the relationship between the spring(April–May) North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and the following summer(June–September) tropical cyclone(TC) genesis frequency over the western North Pacific(WNP) during the period of 1950–2018 was not stationary. It is shown that the relationship between the two has experienced a pronounced interdecadal shift, being weak and insignificant before yet strong and statistically significant after the early 1980 s. Next we compare the spring NAO associated dynamic and thermodynamic conditions, sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies, and atmospheric circulation processes between the two subperiods of 1954–1976 and 1996–2018, so as to illucidate the possible mechanism for this interdecadal variation in the NAO-TC connection. During the latter epoch, when the spring NAO was positive,enhanced low-level vorticity, reduced vertical zonal wind shear, intensified vertical velocity and increased middle-level relative humidity were present over the WNP in the summer, which is conducive to the genesis of WNP TCs. When the spring NAO is negative, the dynamic and thermodynamic factors are disadvantageous for the summertime TC formation and development over the WNP. The results of further analysis indicate that the persistence of North Atlantic tri-pole SST anomalies from spring to the subsequent summer induced by the spring NAO plays a fundamental role in the linkage between the spring NAO and summer atmospheric circulation.During the period of 1996–2018, a remarkable eastward propagating wave-train occurred across the northern Eurasian continent, forced by the anomalous SST tri-pole in the North Atlantic. The East Asian jet flow became greatly intensified, and the deep convection in the tropics was further enhanced via the changes of the local Hadley circulation, corresponding to a positive spring NAO. During the former epoch, the spring NAO-induced tri-pole SST anomalies in the North Atlantic were non-existent, and the related atmospheric circulation anomalies were extremely weak, thereby leading to the linkage between spring NAO and WNP TC genesis frequency in the following summer being insignificant. 相似文献
17.
Seasonal and interannual variability of the pressure field and indices of the North Atlantic atmosphere zonal circulation are analysed using historical (1894–1988) observations. It is shown that fluctuations of the index of North Atlantic oscillations (NAO) and that of the eastward transport give evidence of the interannual fluctuations with the typical time scale being 2–7 years. It is shown that the magnitude of interannual NAO index variability exceeds the typical magnitude of seasonal variations, particularly in winter. The time scale of NAO index variations and eastward transport coincides with the typicalEl Niño-southern oscillations (ENSO) temporal scale. The amplitudes of the annual, semi-annual harmonics, and high-frequency fluctuations of the NAO index increase during a typical ENSO event at least by a factor of 2.Translated by V. Puchkin. 相似文献
18.
利用再分析资料以及混合层海温诊断方程, 研究1997—1998与2015—2016年超级厄尔尼诺次年北大西洋海表温度异常(sea surface temperature anomalies, SSTA)的差异及成因。结果显示, 北大西洋SSTA在1998年春季呈明显正负正三极型式分布, 而在2016年呈弱的负正负型态。诊断热带北大西洋SSTA的影响因素表明, 1998年春季暖SSTA除了之前研究强调的海洋表面向大气的潜热输送异常减少, 以及吸收太阳辐射的增加外, 海洋动力过程即Ekman纬向漂流也起着重要的作用。热力过程与厄尔尼诺峰值后出现的北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO)负位相有关, 其可引起亚速尔高压减弱, 产生西南风异常, 通过风-蒸发-海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)反馈机制使热带北大西洋蒸发减弱, 海表增暖, 沃克环流下沉支的东移对这一增暖也有贡献。与1997—1998厄尔尼诺事件不同, 2015—2016厄尔尼诺事件没有强迫出负位相NAO, 而是出现弱NAO正位相, 热带北大西洋为弱的东风异常, 使海表发生一定的冷却, 形成2016春季北大西洋SSTA与1998年的明显差异。 相似文献
19.
The climatology of intense winter cyclone events in the eastern North Atlantic responsible for high magnitude surge generation (top 1% of events) within the region of the South-Western Approaches to northwest France and southwest England is extracted from daily sea-level and 500-hPa level atmospheric pressure analyses. Cluster analysis yields discrete cyclone track regimes linked to upper airflow patterns being responsible for the generation of intense storms (central pressure at sea-level ≤990 hPa) which promote severe surge events ≥60 cm along the French coast of the South-Western Approaches. Fluctuations in storminess are strongly influenced by the southward intrusion and strengthening of the jet stream in mid-Atlantic. These occurrences are often associated with negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies near Newfoundland and a strengthening of the thermal gradient across the Atlantic well to the south of its normal position. Resultant cyclogenesis promotes storms displaying a delay in minimum central pressure attainment until well east of 14°W, encouraging enhancement of surge flow. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicates that the most influential variables in promoting severe surge events in the South-Western Approaches are trans-Atlantic sea surface temperature gradients. The most important influence is the prevailing west–east sea surface temperature gradient during the month of the storm, followed by that for the prior month of the storm and thirdly, the north–south sea surface temperature gradient prevailing during the month of the event. Other influential variables reflect the character of the cyclone, storm duration, mean deepening rate of storm central pressure, the value of the outermost closed isobar around the storm centre, and the longitudinal position of the outermost closed isobar to the right of the cyclone track. In contrast, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is not very effective as a discriminator of surge activity. This may reflect the greater intra-month volatility of parameters used to derive the NAO index than of other monthly variables considered in the study. The lack of resolvability at the individual storm level probably also arises because of the monthly detailing of the NAO against storms of 2–3 days duration. This behavioural model of extreme storminess in the South-Western Approaches to northwest France provides the basis by which extremes of coastal susceptibility can be calibrated. 相似文献
20.
K. V. Lebedev 《Oceanology》2016,56(2):172-181
We analyze the newly developed Argo-Based Model for Investigation of the Global Ocean (AMIGO), which consists of a block for variational interpolation of the profiles of drifting Argo floats to a regular grid and a block for model hydrodynamic adjustment of variationally interpolated fields. Such a method makes it possible to obtain a full set of oceanographic characteristics—temperature, salinity, density, and current velocity—using irregularly located Argo measurements. The resulting simulations are represented as monthly mean, seasonal, and annual means and climatological fields. The AMIGO oceanographic database developed at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology from model simulations covers the 10-year period from 2005 to 2014. Analysis of transport variations in the propagation of North Atlantic Current jets to the Arctic based on the AMIGO data showed that during this period, anomalous winter transports were observed, which correlate with anomalous winter temperatures in regions of northwestern Europe, northern European Russia, and Iceland, which are subjected to the influence of these currents. Comparative analysis of variations in mass and heat transport by the currents and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in the period of 2005–2014 shows a well pronounced correlation between them. The low winter values of the NAO index correspond to the low values of winter transports by the Faroe–Shetland branch of the North Atlantic current, and usually, to the high values of winter transports by the North Icelandic branch of the Irminger Current. High winter value of the NAO index results in a substantial increase in the winter transport by the Faroe–Shetland branch of the North Atlantic Current without notable influence on the transport of the North Icelandic branch of the Irminger Current. 相似文献