共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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海水营养盐自动观测技术是海洋观测技术的核心之一, 也是世界各国海洋观测技术发展的重点。本文概述了海水营养盐自动观测技术在海洋环境监测中的研究进展, 并基于航次的现场实践, 比较了海水营养盐自动观测设备的应用情况, 归纳了不同设备的优缺点。基于紫外光谱法的硝酸盐传感器(in-situ ultraviolet spectroscopy, ISUS)具有不需化学试剂、响应速度快、适合连续长期观测、耐压深度深的优点, 可广泛应用于海水和淡水环境的走航观测、现场剖面观测和浮标定点观测; 其缺点是测定参数少、灵敏度低。基于湿化学法的营养盐剖面自动分析仪(Autonomous Profiling Nutreint Analyzer, APNA)与连续流动在线分析仪(型号为QuAAtro)具有测定精度和准确度高、多营养盐参数同步测定的优点, 可用于浅水剖面和短时间连续观测, 但存在操作复杂、工作时间短、试剂用量大的缺点, 不适合长期时间序列或深水观测; APNA能进行原位观测, QuAAtro基于船载, 需要加载样品采集过滤系统。本研究基于以上实践与经验, 进一步探讨了现有海水营养盐自动观测技术目前所面临的技术瓶颈及未来发展趋势, 旨在为海洋现场自动监测仪器的选用提供参考。 相似文献
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针对海水养殖中水质、气象参数的自动监测和预警需求, 采用YSI 600R 多参数水质仪和TRM-ZS2 型自动气象站作为养殖现场水质和气象参数在线监测仪, 结合GPRS 无线传输技术和信息处理技术, 设计开发了海水养殖多环境因子在线监测系统。该系统可在线、连续地对水温、酸碱度、溶解氧含量、盐度4 个水质参数以及风速、气压、太阳辐射、雨量4 个气象参数进行测量, 并提供了养殖自动预警功能。系统能实时对海水养殖风险的潜在因子进行监测, 可解决采用人工方式无法满足大规模、集约化海水养殖环境因子监测需要的问题。 相似文献
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随着经济社会的发展,海洋环境监测受到越来越多的关注。针对当前海洋环境监测中,采用海洋水质集成在线监测系统,开展现场自动化监测的实际需求,以国家海洋技术中心自主研发的四参数水质仪、浊度传感器和营养盐自动分析仪为基础,开发岸基海洋水质集成在线监测系统。按照海洋水质集成在线监测系统的总体工作顺序,将工作流程划分为多个状态进行管理。应用LabVIEW编程语言,采用队列状态机,对各状态进行合理安排,最终实现了岸基海洋水质集成在线监测系统工作流程的有序调度以及可靠控制。 相似文献
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准确可靠的海水营养盐数据是研究海洋生物地球化学过程的重要前提，为增加我国海洋化学实验室与全球其他实验室间的营养盐数据的可比性，本文介绍了厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室参与由国际海洋碳协作计划等海洋机构组织的海水营养盐参考物质的国际比对实验的具体测量过程和测量结果。在5次国际比对实验中（2006—2017年），本实验室采用基于间隔连续流动分析技术测量海水营养盐参考物质中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、活性磷酸盐和活性硅酸盐，在共计117项比对参数中，本实验室的结果与其他实验室高度可比，获得的满意测量结果高达109项，占比大于90%，且其中88%的测量值与公认的标准值的偏差在1倍的能力评定标准偏差之内，与国际同类实验室相比，本实验室对海水营养盐的测量能力在历年中保持在国际先进行列。本文基于历年国际比对的经验，对如何提升我国对海水、特别是开阔大洋营养盐测量的准确度提出了参考建议，为提高我国对海水营养盐的测量能力达到国际先进水平提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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叶绿素浓度是衡量海洋浮游植物丰度的重要指标,快速准确地测定海水中的叶绿素含量,对于业务化监测和科学研究都具有重要的现实意义。基于活体荧光法的叶绿素传感器操作简便,可长期原位在线监测,能轻易获取大量实测数据,是当前海水叶绿素高精度测量手段的主要发展趋势。由于在海上应用时受到多种环境因素的影响,叶绿素传感器数据与实验室萃取法数值之间存在较大偏差。作者综述了科学界在浊度、光照、温度、盐度等海洋环境因素及藻类生理因素对叶绿素传感器测量的影响规律、影响机理和数据校正方法的研究进展,并对活体荧光法叶绿素传感器海上应用数据质量控制方法的研究思路进行了展望。 相似文献
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Nutrient budgets averaged over tidal cycles off the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the spring tide period in November 2005, continuous observations were conducted over 25 h (approximately two M2 tidal cycles) at 12 stations within the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary; and among them nine stations formed a closed rectangle. The observation items included current, salinity, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and nutrients. By establishing a simplified model, physical and chemical hydrography data were used to calculate the net and tidal-averaged budgets of seawater, salt, SPM, and nutrients in this rectangle. The results showed that the inflows and outflows of conservative seawater and salt, as well as SPM, matched well with deficits less than 10%; whereas the outputs of the five nutrient species were only 52%–86% of the respective inputs, suggesting the study area acted as a nutrient sink. Processes that might contribute to the nutrient budgets in the study area were discussed, including phytoplankton uptakes, exchanges at sediment-water interface, atmospheric depositions, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification. 相似文献
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电化学方法是测量海水pH值的主要方法之一。针对自主研发的基于铱金属及其氧化物电极的pH传感器,建立了海水环境下仪器标定和数据校正的方法,并在近岸和大洋环境中进行了原位测试的应用。仪器标定包括：(1)依照海水pH分析的标度要求选取适当的标定缓冲试剂;(2)以标准海水替代常用的2-氨基吡啶(AMP)溶液制备标定缓冲体系。数据校正主要包括温度背景校正及误差校正。海区原位测试应用以及与其他同类仪器对比表明,标定体系差异带来的误差可达1.00 pH单位,数据校正可提升测试精度0.10～3.00 pH单位不等。仪器的标定与数据校正方法能有效提高该自研pH传感器的测量精度。 相似文献
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据2016年胶州湾水质自动监测的数据结果,分析了水质变化趋势,并统计和评价其水质超标情况。结果表明:2016-04—11水质自动站海域溶解氧质量浓度和pH的日均值均达到二类海水水质标准,达标率为100%;活性磷酸盐年均值为0.023 mg/L,无机氮年均值为0.154 mg/L,以硝酸盐为主(64.9%);无机氮和活性磷酸盐超标率均为16.7%,而且集中在降雨量较大的8月、9月,营养盐指标超标基本与海泊河的淡水输入有关;叶绿素a质量浓度与溶解氧、pH和浊度呈显著正相关,浮游植物光合作用对该海域表层海水的水质参数影响较大;自动站监测和人工监测的营养盐在年际变化上呈现较一致的趋势,说明运用水质自动站监测该海域的营养盐变化趋势较为准确。 相似文献
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Field investigation was carried out during 4 to 15 April 2001 around the Changjiang River Estuary. The similar distribution of sea surface nutrients and suspended sediment (SS) concentration is attributed to the physical mixing of Changjiang diluted water (CDW) with the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC). On the basis of the observed positive relationship between total phosphorus (TP) and SS concentration, the sea surface TP is inversed from satellite SS data. SS is believed to be an ideal eutrophic state assessing index substitution for TP, the eutrophication classification critical value of SS adopted in this research was based on the linear model: cTP=0.000 6cSSsat 0.016 3, r2=0.564 5, n=32. Although lack of in-situ chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) measurement, a good relationship was observed between the in-situ DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) concentration with near real time SeaWiFS absorption coefficient of CDOM (ACD) data: cDIN=1.406 5AACBsat-0.035 9,r2=0.741 5,n=16. This empirical regression algorithm was also utilized for inversing the DIN concentration from SeaWiFS ACD data, and for establishing the eutrophication classification critical value of satellite ACD data. The established remote eutrophication classification system was later used for seawater eutrophic state assessment. The evaluation suggested that the Zhoushan Fishing Ground especially the western border is affected seriously with the nutrient input. The nutrient is mainly from the terrestrial source transported by the Changjiang River runoff. The seawater quality classification precision was assessed by in-situ data, which suggested the seawater quality distribution is similar to the two classification systems, and the remote classification error is below 25%. 相似文献
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溶解氧是海洋水质监测的常规关键参数,基于荧光猝灭原理研制的溶解氧传感器具有准确度高、稳定性好和可长期在线测量等优点,已经被广泛用于海水溶解氧浓度监测。针对传感器可能发生的数据漂移和显著偏差可能造成的准确度问题,本文设计了一套专门的校准装置和校准方法。通过严格控制校准水体的温度和溶解氧浓度,测量待校准传感器和参比传感器的相移、温度和溶解氧浓度数据,拟合获取传感器校准系数,实现对光学溶解氧传感器的单个多点校准。传感器校准值与参比值偏差在±8μmol·L–1以内。实验室和海水现场比测结果显示,校准结果达到传感器性能指标要求。此校准装置及方法并不局限于光学溶解氧传感器,具有良好的推广价值。 相似文献
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High-accuracy measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean are currently performed using an automated coulometric system based on that described by Johnson et al. (1987). These measurements require highly-trained technicians and the manipulation of expensive and hazardous chemicals. We tested an alternate detection method based on non-dispersive infra-red analysis. All of the dissolved carbonate species from a seawater sample were extracted as CO2 gas by acidification and nitrogen stripping. The CO2 gas was then quantitatively detected with either a coulometric system or an infra-red analyzer. The reproducibility of the two detection methods is similar. Although the infra-red system requires further testing, it holds promise as an alternative to coulometry. The detection of the CO2 gas by infra-red analysis presents several advantages over coulometric detection: it simplifies and reduces the cost of the measurements, shortens the analysis time, reduces the sample size requirement by at least a factor of five, and allows us to consider complete automation of the system for underway surface seawater measurements. 相似文献