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1.
基于地震震中分布、地震层析成像方法,系统阐述了俯冲带从南到北俯冲角度、俯冲深度、形态以及板上地幔楔熔融程度等方面的空间差异特征,同时结合岛弧火山岩中的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素信息进一步探讨了该区域岩浆作用的空间差异性,最终将千岛-勘察加俯冲带分为6段。综合以往研究可知,俯冲带分段性的成因比较复杂,与岩浆源区地幔中流体成分和含量、板片与海沟的汇聚速率、沿贝尼奥夫带的应力状态等皆有着密切的联系,而基于板块运动模型,板片的汇聚速率与俯冲结构的空间差异性有着较好的对应关系,因此本研究认为板片的汇聚速率是影响该地区空间差异性的重要因素,而更系统的成因有待进一步研究。综合分析千岛-勘察加俯冲带的俯冲特征对于丰富研究区板块构造理论,深入理解俯冲带动力学过程具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
根据野外观察分析,综合前人研究成果,对新生代时期鲁西地块的深、浅部构造特征、地震活动性以及动力学机制进行了分析。结果表明,鲁西地块新生代浅表主体断裂构造格局为NW—NWW走向断裂构成的多米诺式组合,震源机制解和野外观测揭示,其具有左旋走滑性质,并与NE向断裂共同控制了新生代盆地的形成和发育。地球物理资料揭示,鲁西地块深部15~20km处存在一条缓倾滑脱带和大规模低速异常体,浅表多米诺式断裂体系归并到该滑脱带,表现为深浅部构造的脱耦性,深部高低速异常体的过渡区域控制发育了鲁西地区两条NW向中强地震带。动力学成因上与太平洋板块俯冲作用导致地壳减薄、地幔上涌并在地幔楔中发生小尺度对流有关,并造成了鲁西地块的隆起抬升。  相似文献   

3.
太平洋卫星测高重力场与地球动力学特征   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
通过多卫星测高数据的综合处理,获得西太平洋卫星测高重力场,进行不同尺度、深度构造动力信息的分离,探讨诸边缘海盆的地球动力学问题。测高大地水准面反映了研究区板块相互作用的特点,其高频成分可以刻画各海盆的构造特征。测高空间重力异常也可刻画陆架构造及盆地分布,由其推算出的海底地形含有大量的海底构造信息。各边缘海盆的莫霍面埋深具有往南变浅的趋势,与菲律宾海各海盆的莫霍面埋深大致相当,说明岛弧两侧的构造动力强度基本相似。大尺度地幔流应力场总体上反映了欧亚板块向东南蠕散和太平洋板块向北西扩张的特点;日本海北侧和南海巽他陆架的中尺度上地幔对流与地幔柱之间有着密切关系,西菲律宾海的上地幔对流强化了日本-琉球-台湾-菲律宾岛弧的活动强度;小尺度地幔流主要限于软流圈层内部,在各海盆分散,而在冲绳海槽和马里亚纳海槽则会聚,可与均衡重力异常类比。还讨论了大、中、小地幔流体系的特点及相互之间的关系,籍以阐明海盆及海槽演化的地球动力学过程。  相似文献   

4.
太平洋板块沿希库兰吉海沟俯冲至新西兰北岛下方300km左右,向南与新西兰南岛发生碰撞,导致北岛发生顺时针旋转。该区域为研究俯冲带地幔楔变形,理解俯冲过程中地幔物质运动及其动力学过程的理想场所。本研究利用近震(深度范围在70~150km) S波分裂计算获得了北岛弧后塔拉纳基地区的地幔楔各向异性特征,结果显示快波方向和延迟时间在空间上存在一定的变化。深度在120km之上的地震对应的快波优势方向为NE—SW,近似平行于海沟走向,反映了地幔楔中平行于海沟方向的地幔流动引起的橄榄岩晶格优势排列;而120km之下地震主要集中在塔拉纳基地区北部,快波方向为NNE—SSW向,且延迟时间随深度增大而增加。由于太平洋板块俯冲到100~150km处的俯冲角度急剧变陡至近似直立,引起深部地幔楔强烈变形。因此,推测弧后北部深度>120km地震的NNE—SSW快波方向可能是受到地幔楔中平行于海沟走向的地幔流动,以及俯冲角度变陡而使深部地幔楔强烈变形的共同作用的结果。弧后北部地幔楔深部的拉张作用更为强烈,是造成各向异性在空间上变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
雅浦海沟-岛弧构造体系是菲律宾海板块与太平洋板块、卡罗琳板块相互作用而形成的构造俯冲带,其南北两段俯冲带在海底地形地貌、地球物理场、应力场特征等方面表现出显著的差异。北段俯冲方向为近东西向,总体表现为俯冲角度较小、俯冲深度浅、俯冲速度较快、应力场呈俯冲拉张型等特征;南段由东西方向的俯冲过渡至北北西向,总体表现为俯冲角度大、俯冲深度较深、俯冲速度极慢、应力场呈俯冲挤压型等特征。这些差异的形成经历了2个主要的构造演化阶段:菲律宾海板块与太平洋板块在晚始新世至晚渐新世期间相互作用并形成了古马里亚纳-雅浦海沟;晚渐新世以来菲律宾海板块与卡罗琳板块的相互作用对古海沟构造改造,进而造就了雅浦海沟-岛弧当今复杂的构造形态。  相似文献   

6.
马里亚纳海槽作为正在活动的典型弧后盆地,是研究俯冲作用对岩浆作用和壳幔动力学影响的理想场所。通过对采自该海槽中南部的样品进行系统的岩石地球化学特征对比与研究,并结合前人已发表的岩石地球化学数据,探讨了马里亚纳海槽中南部的地幔富集(亏损)程度、地幔熔融程度、地幔熔融深度以及俯冲物质的加入程度。结果表明:(1)马里亚纳海槽中南部主要发育一套中低钾钙碱性系列玄武岩、玄武质安山岩;(2)海底岩石富集了大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素、重稀土元素;(3)将马里亚纳海槽沿扩张中心分为三段,对每段地幔熔融的程度和深度进行计算并且消除地幔不均一性的影响,发现在15°N和18°N附近二者呈现负相关关系,其余地区则呈现正相关关系,证明海槽存在两种地幔熔融模式;(4)微量元素比值显示海槽受多种俯冲组分影响,并且马里亚纳海槽南部的南段可能存在另一个富水熔体端元,可能是导致海槽扩张速率较快的原因。对俯冲物质的加入程度进行计算,发现靠近15°N与18°N俯冲组分的影响变弱,这进一步表明,马里亚纳海槽火山岩的变化可能是由于类似N-MORB的地幔源区与类似岛弧的地幔源区混合造成的;俯冲物质是控制地幔熔融程度...  相似文献   

7.
雅浦俯冲带北段和马里亚纳俯冲带西南端均受加罗林岛脊俯冲影响,但是二者的地球物理特征存在显著差异。通过分析雅浦俯冲带北段和马里亚纳俯冲带的地球物理特征,对比了二者之间的海底地形、重力异常、地震活动和应力场等特征。结果表明:①雅浦海沟北段外缘发育垒堑构造带,马里亚纳海沟西南端加罗林岛脊俯冲区域水深明显变浅,加罗林岛脊俯冲最前端形成凹角。②雅浦岛弧北段和马里亚纳岛弧西南端加罗林岛脊俯冲区域高布格异常值反映了强烈的构造侵蚀可能导致火山弧地壳缺失,岛弧之下高密度物质上涌。③雅浦俯冲带北段和马里亚纳俯冲带西南端地震活动性弱并且缺乏高震级地震,说明加罗林海脊岛脊的俯冲阻塞降低了俯冲带的构造活动性。马里亚纳俯冲带西南端存在少量的中源地震,表明该区域板片俯冲深度比雅浦俯冲带北段更深。④马里亚纳俯冲带西南端的地震存在更多的走滑分量,与加罗林板块的倾斜俯冲、加罗林岛脊的倾斜碰撞有关。⑤加罗林岛脊相对于海沟走向的俯冲角度是造成雅浦俯冲带北段和马里亚纳俯冲带西南端的地球物理特征存在差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

8.
日本南海海槽是菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块俯冲消亡的地带,其东西两段俯冲带的空间重力异常、温度分布和海底热流、地壳结构、应力场特征表现出显著差异。东段四国-纪伊岛下的俯冲带表现出典型的热俯冲带的特征,菲律宾海板块俯冲方向为由南向北,总体特征为俯冲带厚度较薄、俯冲角度小和俯冲深度相当浅等;西段九州岛下的菲律宾海板块由南北方向的俯冲过渡至近东西向,总体表现为俯冲角度大、俯冲深度深、板内震源较浅等特征;这些差异可能是由太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的运动方向和速率发生了数次的旋转和改变,以及四国海盆的扩张等诸多因素导致的。  相似文献   

9.
利用径向基函数多尺度分析方法,将GOCO05S模型海洋大地水准面分解为3个尺度,并进行详细的分析统计。分解后重构的大地水准面精度达到了±0.02m,表明了径向基函数出色的多尺度分析能力。对不同深度层面上大地水准面异常的分布及成因做了深入探讨。浅层上地幔大地水准面异常主要分布于板块边缘,呈条状,与火山热点源分布类似;深层上地幔大地水准面异常和大洋中脊所在位置部分吻合,主要呈带状或块状,与上地幔的对流有关;中间层上地幔的大地水准面异常形态介于上述两者之间,主要受火山热点源和地幔对流的综合影响。  相似文献   

10.
西太平洋卫星测高重力场与地球动力学特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过多卫星测高数据的综合处理,获得西太平洋卫星测高重力场,进行不同尺度、深度构造动力信息的分离,探讨诸边缘海盆的地球动力学问题。测高大地水准面反映了研究区板块相互作用的特点,其高频成分可以刻画各海盆的构造特征。测高空间重力异常也可刻画陆架构造及盆地分布,由其推算出的海底地形含有大量的海底构造信息。各边缘海盆的莫霍面埋深具有往南变浅的趋势,与菲律宾海各海盆的莫同埋深大致相当,说明岛弧两侧的构造力强度基本相似。大尺度地幔流应力场总体上反映了欧亚板块向东南蠕散和太平洋板块向北西扩张的特点;日本海北侧和南海巽他陆架的中尺度上地幔对流与地幔柱之间有着密切关系,西北菲律宾海的上地幔对流强化了日本-琉球-台湾-菲律宾岛弧的活动强度;上尺度地幔流主要限于软流圈层内部,在各海盆分散,而在冲绳 海槽和马里亚纳海槽则会聚,可与均衡重力异常比。还讨论了大、中、小地幔流体系的特点及相互之间的关系,籍以阐明海盆及槽演化的地球动力学过程。  相似文献   

11.
南海西北部与红河地区地球物理场及其地壳深部结构特征   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
分析了南海西北部与红河地区地球物理场特征,计算了研究区重、磁资料的一阶小波细节变换、四阶小波逼近变换。根据重力场资料以及南海北部盆地钻井取样的测试结果,同时参考在研究区进行的地震勘探结果,对研究区的地壳结构进行了反演计算。结果表明,研究区域地壳结构较为复杂,地壳厚度在17—38km之间,总的趋势由陆向洋地壳厚度逐渐减薄,反映出该区域地壳具有陆壳、过渡壳的性质,同时存在上地幔隆起区及凹陷区。用地震层折成像结果与重力资料计算出的地壳分布趋势进行了对比验证。根据地幔对流结果探讨了研究区深部地球动力学特征及其与深部地壳结构的关系。  相似文献   

12.
The Kyushu-Palau Ridge(KPR), a remnant arc on the Philippine Sea Plate(PSP), is subducting beneath the Kyushu, southwest Japan. Influenced by the subducting KPR, the Kyushu subduction zone corresponding to the KPR is significantly different from Shikoku subduction zone in terms of gravity anomalies, seismicity, the stress state, and the subducting slab morphology. Significant negative free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies are observed in a prolonged area of KPR, southeast of the Miyazaki Plain, indicating that this is where KPR overlaps the overriding plate. The gravity anomaly in this area is much lower than that in other areas where the inferred KPR extends, suggesting that the subduction of the buoyant KPR may cause the lower mantle density to decrease.More earthquakes have occurred in Hyuga-nada region where the KPR subducts than in Shikoku forearc and other areas in the Kyushu forearc, indicating that the subduction of the KPR enhances the local coupling between the subducting and overriding plates. The centroid moment tensor(CMT) mechanism of earthquakes shows that stress is concentrated in the accumulated crust beneath the Kyushu forearc corresponding to the KPR, and the shallow thrusting events in the obducting plate are caused by the KPR subduction. The buoyant KPR, with a large volume of low-density sediments, was responsible for the differences of the subduction depth and dip angle of the subducting Philippine Sea(PS) slab between northern Kyushu and Shikoku. The seismic gaps and the sudden change of the dipping angle of the subducting PS slab indicate that slab tear may have occurred along the west side of the KPR beneath southwest Kyushu. A two-tear model was proposed, and the subduction of the buoyant KPR was believed to play an important role in the slab tear.  相似文献   

13.
The Muertos Trough in the northeast Caribbean has been interpreted as a subduction zone from seismicity, leading to infer a possible reversal subduction polarity. However, the distribution of the seismicity is very diffuse and makes definition of the plate geometry difficult. In addition, the compressive deformational features observed in the upper crust and sandbox kinematic modeling do not necessarily suggest a subduction process. We tested the hypothesized subduction of the Caribbean plate’s interior beneath the eastern Greater Antilles island arc using gravity modeling. Gravity models simulating a subduction process yield a regional mass deficit beneath the island arc independently of the geometry and depth of the subducted slab used in the models. This mass deficit results from sinking of the less dense Caribbean slab beneath the lithospheric mantle replacing denser mantle materials and suggests that there is not a subducted Caribbean plateau beneath the island arc. The geologically more realistic gravity model which would explain the N–S shortening observed in the upper crust requires an overthrusted Caribbean slab extending at least 60 km northward from the deformation front, a progressive increase in the thrusting angle from 8° to 30° reaching a maximum depth of 22 km beneath the insular slope. This new tectonic model for the Muertos Margin, defined as a retroarc thrusting, will help to assess the seismic and tsunami hazard in the region. The use of gravity modeling has provided targets for future wide-angle seismic surveys in the Muertos Margin.  相似文献   

14.
The central equatorial Pacific is interesting for studying clues to upper mantle processes, as the region lacks complicating effects of continental remnants or major volcanic plateaus. In particular, the most recently produced maps of the free-air gravity field from satellite altimetry show in greater detail the previously reported lineaments west of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) that are aligned with plate motion over the mantle and originally suggested to have formed from mantle convection rolls. In contrast, the gravity field 600 km or farther west of the EPR reveals lineaments with varied orientations. Some are also parallel with plate motion over the mantle but others are sub-parallel with fracture zones or have other orientations. This region is covered by pelagic sediments reaching ~?500–600 m thickness so bathymetry is not so useful for seeking evidence for plate deformation across the lineaments. We instead use depth to basement from three seismic reflection cruises. In some segments of these seismic data crossing the lineaments, we find that the co-variation between gravity and basement depth is roughly compatible with typical densities of basement rocks (basalt, gabbro or mantle), as expected for some explanations for the lineaments (e.g., mantle convection rolls, viscous asthenospheric inter-fingering or extensional deformation). However, some other lineaments are associated with major changes in basement depth with only subtle changes in the gravity field, suggesting topography that is locally supported by varied crustal thickness. Overall, the multiple gravity lineament orientations suggest that they have multiple origins. In particular, we propose that a further asthenospheric inter-fingering instability mechanism could occur from pressure variations in the asthenosphere arising from regional topography and such a mechanism may explain some obliquely oriented gravity lineaments that have no other obvious origin.  相似文献   

15.
台湾海峡及其邻区岩石圈层下地幔流应力场   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文应用卫星测到的2~30阶球谐函数系数(GEM8) 计算了台湾海峡及邻近地区的岩石圈层下地幔流应力场。在比较了该区域的构造地质以后,发现应力场的方向,尤其是在板块收敛区域的甚高阶场(26~30阶)的方向与在菲律宾海和南海等区域的板块运动方向一致。  相似文献   

16.
Compared to the northern South China Sea continental margin, the deep structures and tectonic evolution of the Palawan and Sulu Sea and ambient regions are not well understood so far. However, this part of the southern continental margin and adjacent areas embed critical information on the opening of the South China Sea (SCS). In this paper, we carry out geophysical investigations using regional magnetic, gravity and reflection seismic data. Analytical signal amplitudes (ASA) of magnetic anomalies are calculated to depict the boundaries of different tectonic units. Curie-point depths are estimated from magnetic anomalies using a windowed wavenumber-domain algorithm. Application of the Parker–Oldenburg algorithm to Bouguer gravity anomalies yields a 3D Moho topography. The Palawan Continental Block (PCB) is defined by quiet magnetic anomalies, low ASA, moderate depths to the top and bottom of the magnetic layer, and its northern boundary is further constrained by reflection seismic data and Moho interpretation. The PCB is found to be a favorable area for hydrocarbon exploration. However, the continent–ocean transition zone between the PCB and the SCS is characterized by hyper-extended continental crust intruded with magmatic bodies. The NW Sulu Sea is interpreted as a relict oceanic slice and the geometry and position of extinct trench of the Proto South China Sea (PSCS) is further constrained. With additional age constraints from inverted Moho and Curie-point depths, we confirm that the spreading of the SE Sulu Sea started in the Early Oligocene/Late Eocene due to the subduction of the PSCS, and terminated in the Middle Miocene by the obduction of the NW Sulu Sea onto the PCB.  相似文献   

17.
南海东北部陆缘构造演化信息丰富,对于理解南海的演化过程至关重要。本文收集了南海东北部的深反射地震和海底广角地震成果剖面,提取地壳和下地壳高速层的厚度结果,并结合水深、重磁异常和岩石圈的流变学等地质地球物理资料,对南海东北部的地壳减薄特征、吕宋-琉球转换板块边界的性质和下地壳高速层的分布及成因进行了分析和讨论。南海东北部的地壳减薄在横向和垂向上都存在不均匀性,以下地壳减薄为主,在台西南盆地存在极端减薄地壳;南海北缘的白云凹陷、西沙海槽和西缘的中建南盆地也存在类似的极端减薄地壳,且都与刚性地块共轭或邻近,推测刚性地块的存在导致地壳初始破裂时下地壳流动和地幔上隆是局部出现地壳极端减薄的主要原因。吕宋-琉球转换板块边界两侧在海底地形、新生代反射和重磁异常等方面均存在差异,与中生代岛弧引起的高磁异常大角度相交,其可能是中生代古特提斯构造域向太平洋构造域转换的边界断裂。下地壳高速层在南海东北部广泛发育,结合其分布特征和波速比Vp/Vs的分布区间,认为其是多期次岩浆底侵形成的铁镁质基性岩。  相似文献   

18.
建立了适合海区沉积盆地基底反演的密度模式,推导了对应的重力异常精确公式(近区计算公式)和近似公式(远区计算公式),提出模拟沉积盆地复杂变化的密度差-深度曲线的分段拟合方法。建立了一种利用地震波速度谱、重力和水深资料反演沉积盆地基底的方法。利用地震波速度谱的资料对厦澎凹陷的密度-深度关系进行了统计分析,并反演了厦澎凹陷的重力基底,认为整个厦澎凹陷可能由不同构造格局的东北和西南两部分组成,并分别讨论了这两部分的基底特征。  相似文献   

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