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1.
珠江三角洲沉积体与河网干流河道的形成发育 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
应用PRD-LTMM长周期"动力-沉积-形态"模型和非线性动力学拉格朗日拟序结构理论对全新世海侵盛期以来珠江三角洲以及河网干道的形成演变进行了地貌动力学分析，结果显示:受曲折岸线和复杂地形的影响，海侵盛期古珠江河口湾的水动力随时空高度变化，形成了7个具有不同运动特性的条带区域，并产生了许多不同尺度且相对独立的沉积动力结构，形成了众多的沉积体。这些沉积体成为了三角洲发育演变的基本建构单元。三角洲的主体沉积可概括为受原始地形分隔的若干相对独立的充填过程，干流河道的形成和发育往往是若干相邻沉积体发育和延伸的结果，而三角洲河网干道的总体分布格局则受这些动力区域所控制。 相似文献
2.
珠江三角洲千年尺度演变的动态平衡及其唯象判据探讨 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文从学科交叉需要审视"平衡态"这一重要的基本概念在若干学科，包括河口海岸学的异同，简述6 000~2 500 a BP珠江河口三角洲主要动力沉积结构演变。在形态动力模型PRD-LTMM基础上选取水深-面积作为系统表征变量，分析不同子系统的统计特性并构建各自的信源概率空间，计算子系统水深信息熵的时间序列。通过比较沉积动力结构演变和地貌信息熵序列，发现地貌信息熵可以作为在给定意义上的系统"形态动力平衡"的唯象状态函数。 相似文献
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4.
张利丰 《山东海洋学院学报》1984,14(2):62-68
海岸动力地貌学一方面以研究地区的地质和大地构造为基础，另一方面也以外动力作用下的物质移动为基础。因此，在研究海岸动力地貌时，水文学的观点和地貌学的观点是很重要的。必须把海岸带同时看作是陆地和海洋的海岸带。关于岬湾海岸的演化问题，是海岸动力地貌学中的重要组成部分之一。 相似文献
5.
华南珊瑚礁的海岸生物地貌过程 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
海岸生物地貌学研究海岸带生物过程和动力-沉积-地貌过程之间的双向相互作用，是海岸生态系统响应和反馈全球变化的重要机制，被列为全球变化核心项目海岸带陆海相互作用研究的重点内容。20世纪90年代以来对华南珊瑚礁热带生物海岸生物地貌过程的调查研究显示：①造礁石珊瑚的高生长率和珊瑚礁高堆积速率是珊瑚礁生物地貌过程的物质基础；②珊瑚礁海岸地貌结构分带性和生物地貌类型和动力地貌类型叠加并共存；③潮汐水位严格控制珊瑚礁群落分布格局并形成重要的生物地貌界限；④珊瑚礁海岸生物地貌过程有利于消除或减缓海平面上升的浸淹效应；⑤珊瑚礁海岸不断加剧的人类活动干扰和生态破坏导致生物地貌功能削弱和海岸资源环境恶化。急需加强珊瑚礁管理和保护。 相似文献
6.
条子泥沙洲位于江苏岸外辐射沙脊群的核心区,水动力条件独特,地貌复杂.利用2009年5月11日在条子泥沙洲内缘区3条断面的潮滩表层沉积物粒度资料,分析该区域潮滩沉积物的粒度参数特征、沉积物粒度组成及沿程变化等,探讨不同岸段的沉积特征与水动力环境特征的相关性,以及影响潮滩沉积特征的主要因素等.结果表明,潮滩沉积物以砂质粉砂... 相似文献
7.
能量耗散是海岸带沉积地貌学的重要研究方向。地貌系统中的能量耗散往往存在极值，但是关于地貌演化的能量耗散趋向是最大值还是最小值，一直存在争议。本文试图从文献梳理入手，回顾海岸带地貌过程中的能量耗散问题，并用阻抗匹配概念来解释能量耗散的极值问题：当地貌系统的机械储能效率最大而热力学耗散最小时，表现为“共振阻抗匹配”，反之则表现为“梯度阻抗匹配”。基于无量纲沉降速度Ω的海滩地貌分类体系，正是表现从“共振阻抗匹配”到“梯度阻抗匹配”的典型谱系。在此基础上，从能量耗散的视角，对红树林生态系统的沉积地貌过程进行了文献综述，总结了潮沟-潮滩-红树林界面上的阻抗匹配和能量耗散问题，讨论了界面能量耗散行为如何通过水动力学和热力学过程反馈到红树林的生长过程，指出了红树林生态系统中潮沟-潮滩三维地形结构的重要性，并建议在红树林生态修复工程中应用这种结构来更好地维持系统的稳定性。 相似文献
8.
张利丰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1984,(2)
一、前言 海岸动力地貌学一方面以研究地区的地质和大地构造为基础,另一方面也以外动力作用下的物质移动为基础。因此,在研究海岸动力地貌时,水文学的观点和地貌学的观点是很重要的,必须把海岸带同时看作是陆地和海洋的海岸带。关于岬湾海岸的演化问题,是海岸动力地貌学中的重要组成部分之一。 相似文献
9.
通过对三山岛岸段冬夏重复的地形测量和表层沉积物的粒度分析,研究了其地貌特征与地形变化规律、沉积物类型、粒度特征、运移趋势,并探讨了沉积物运移的动力机制。结果表明:该岸段可根据1985黄海高程-1.2m(低潮水位)和-6.5m(闭合深度)平面划分为海滩、水下岸坡和浅海陆架三个地貌单元,各地貌单元表层沉积物分布规律与地形变化特征区别显著。其中水下岸坡和浅海陆架地貌单元主要受潮流作用,海滩地貌单元主要受波浪作用。在西向落潮流和西南向潮余流的作用下,水下岸坡地貌单元发育一个中等规模潮流通道-沙脊沉积系统。表层沉积物以向西运移的趋势为主,少数滞留于西部潮流沙脊处,与地形"东侵西淤"的变化规律相符,这些西向运移的沉积物最终离开研究区,补给莱州浅滩。 相似文献
10.
通过2007年7月至2010年2月对福建沿岸25个主要沙丘岸段的调查,以及代表性海滩-沙丘地貌系统地形变化的重复观测,针对福建海岸海滩类型和前缘沙丘地貌组合,从海滩动力地貌特征、沙丘形态及其变化角度出发,分析了海滩-沙丘地貌体系的变化特征,并进一步探索海滩动力地貌与沙丘地貌及其变化之间的关系模式。结果为:(1)福建沿岸海滩-沙丘系统的地貌变化可以归纳为3种类型:①海滩稳定-沙丘变化型;②海滩侵蚀-沙丘稳定型;③海滩侵蚀-沙丘后退型。(2)福建沿岸海滩-沙丘系统的动力地貌关系可以归纳为6种基本模式,主要表现为完全耗散型、过渡型和低潮阶地型3种海滩地貌与沙丘规模和形态的对应关系,海滩的沉积状态与海滩-沙丘系统内部的相互作用,也在某种程度上决定了其动力地貌关系模式。 相似文献
11.
Morphodynamic modelling of open-sea tidal channels eroded into a sandy seabed, with reference to the channel systems on the China coast 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this contribution, the morphodynamics of open-sea tidal channels eroded into sandy seabed in regions of flow constriction
is simulated by a one-dimensional model using the Bagnold formula for bedload transport rate, and accounting for the effect
of bed slope. The results show that equilibrium conditions for such channels can be reached over a period of 102–103 years. Sediment eroded from the channel floor is transported in the direction of the dominant current, and deposited beyond
the regions of flow constriction where the current looses competence due to spreading. In this way, the material remobilized
from older strata in the channels is deposited in younger sand banks near the channel heads. Where several successive channels
are incised along the current axis, they interact in their morphological evolution. The morphodynamic equilibrium of a tidal
channel is reached once the combined interacting sedimentological and hydrodynamic factors, such as sediment particle diameter,
tidal current velocity and flood/ebb dominance, are balanced. The model output shows that the equilibrium shape of the tidal
channels appears to be related mainly to flow field characteristics and, to a lesser extent, to particle size. A positive
correlation exists between the depth of the channels and their response times. The equilibrium water depths of the channels
are more sensitive to current speed than to either particle size or the time–velocity asymmetry of the flow field. The response
times for overall morphological equilibrium are sensitive to all of the above-mentioned parameters. In particular, sediment
characteristics associated with critical current velocities have far-reaching effects on the morphodynamic behaviour of tidal
channels. 相似文献
12.
黄河三角洲北部海岸水下岸坡蚀退过程及主要特征 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
周永青 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1998,(3)
黄河三角洲海岸以其独特的成因、演化有别于其它海岸,本文通过对黄河三角洲北部海岸水下岸坡不同时期地形变化对比,展示了在侵蚀阶段潮间带蚀退变化的特征、潮下带斜坡准平衡带的形成及演化,并就其成因和发展作了探讨。 相似文献
13.
砂质底质潮汐水道均衡态模拟初探 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
以过程模拟法探讨了发育在砂质堆积体上的潮汐水道的均衡态问题.在潮汐作用为主导、初始状况为平坦海底、底质粒度均一等条件下,利用修正的Bagnold推移质输沙率公式和沉积物连续方程,建立砂质潮汐水道均衡态的一维模型.数值实验结果表明,潮汐水道达到均衡态的时间尺度为10a以上,水道形成的早期冲刷速度较快,随着时间的推移,冲刷减缓.从水道冲刷出来的物质在水道前方形成堆积体.潮汐水道的演变受控于水动力变化和沉积物冲淤的负反馈机制,水道均衡态主要与沉积物粒径、涨落潮流速、历时、流速沿水道轴向分布的组合特征有关.流场特征决定了水道均衡态的形态;在沉积物组分均一的情况下水道均衡深度与潮流流速呈正相关;达到均衡态的时间尺度与沉积物粒径、涨落潮历时、流速的变化以及水道规模有关.沉积物临界起动流速随深度的变化对水道均衡态有较大影响. 相似文献
14.
Michael Strasser Sylvia Stegmann Felix Bussmann Flavio S. Anselmetti Beat Rick Achim Kopf 《Marine Geology》2007,240(1-4):77-97
Lakes can be used as model basins to investigate subaqueous slope stability under static and dynamic loading conditions. This study combines geophysical, sedimentological and in situ geotechnical methods with limit equilibrium calculations in order to discuss (i) the geological and sedimentological processes acting on submerged non-deltaic lateral slopes in perialpine, fjord-type Lake Lucerne (Central Switzerland); (ii) their control on physical and geotechnical properties that eventually affect the subaqueous stability conditions and slope failure initiation, and (iii) the quantitative assessment of subaqueous slope stability. Three detailed case studies are presented to describe and quantitatively reconstruct stability conditions of slopes that failed during a well-documented historic earthquake in 1601 A.D. and during a prehistoric Late Holocene earthquake around 2220 cal yr BP (both Mw > 6).
Glacio-lacustrine sedimentation dominated by suspension settling from meltwater plumes and slight overconsolidation from ice-grounding during small readvances of a generally retreating glacier lead to a peculiar glacial-to-postglacial lithologic slope succession that eventually was buried by the Holocene sediment drape. During past earthquake shaking, the slopes that were stable under static loading conditions (factor of safety of 1.5–2) failed along planar sliding surfaces that developed at the lithological boundary between fine-grained, thinly-laminated, slightly underconsolidated cyclic plume deposits with low undrained shear strength values above and overconsolidated, glacially-deformed, glacio-lacustrine deposits with excessive formation pore pressure below. Measured in situ shear strength characteristics and sediment geometries were implemented into limit equilibrium models that allow for quantitative reconstruction of critical ground accelerations of past earthquakes in Central Switzerland. Results reveal seismic peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.08 g and 0.14 g for the historic 1601 A.D. Mw 6.2 earthquake and the prehistoric, 2220 cal yr B.P. earthquake, respectively. Additionally, results reveal that stability conditions change over relative short geological time scales because the postglacial sedimentation rate, which mainly controls the static weight of the slope sediment acting on the critical lithological boundary, turns out to be a key parameter in “charging” slopes susceptible to sliding. 相似文献
15.
The cross-sectional stability of two tidal inlets connecting the same back-barrier lagoon to the ocean is investigated. The condition for equilibrium is the cross-sectional area tidal prism relationship. In an earlier study [Van de Kreeke, J., 1990. Can multiple inlets be stable? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 30: 261–273.], using the same equilibrium condition, it was concluded that where two inlets connect the same basin to the ocean ultimately one inlet will close. One of the major assumptions in that study was that the water level in the basin fluctuated uniformly. In hindsight this assumption might be too restrictive. For example, in the Wadden Sea the back barrier lagoon consists of a series of basins, rather than one single basin, separated by topographic highs. These topographic highs limit but do not exclude the exchange of water between the sub-basins. For this reason in the present study, a topographic high in the form of a weir was added, separating the back-barrier lagoon in two sub-basins. The water level in the sub-basins, rather than in the back-barrier as a whole, is assumed to fluctuate uniformly. For this schematization the hydrodynamic equations are solved using a finite difference method. The results, together with the equilibrium condition, yield the equilibrium flow curve for each of the inlets. The intersections of the two equilibrium flow curves represent combinations of cross-sectional areas for which both inlets are in equilibrium. The stability of the equilibriums was investigated using a non-linear stability analysis resulting in a flow diagram. Calculations were carried out for different inlet and weir characteristics. Sinussoidal tides were the same for both inlets. The results show that for relatively large wetted cross-sectional areas over the topographic high, approaching the situation of a single basin, there are no combinations of inlet cross-sectional areas for which both inlets are in a stable equilibrium. This supports the conclusion in the earlier study. For relatively small wetted cross-sectional areas over the topographic high there is one set of stable equilibriums. In that case the two-inlet bay system approaches that of two single-inlet bay systems. 相似文献
16.
在自然和人为的双重作用下，珠江口伶仃洋地貌特征发生了巨大变化，改变了水动力环境，致使纳潮能力也发生深刻变化。本文以珠江口伶仃洋地貌变化和纳潮能力变化为研究对象，采用近百年来的古地图资料、人类活动和水文特征等资料，通过第四纪地质学、地图学、遥感学、历史地理学等方法，反演内伶仃洋形态变化过程，探讨1906年以来珠江口伶仃洋的地貌变化过程。采用岸线分维数、形状指数、纳潮量、潮差消减能力，定量反映地貌变化对纳潮能力的影响。结果表明，1906-2014年，地形演变造成伶仃洋纳潮量减少了14.50%；1971-2014年，伶仃洋纳潮量减少了11.27%。海岸线的变化引起纳潮能力逐渐变弱，潮差沿程变化率减小了0.23，尤其是自1971年以来，因堤围等建设，河口岸线逐渐平直，纳潮能力逐渐减弱。 相似文献
17.
本文论述了广西沿海水动力条件和海岸地貌特点,以及在水动力条件和新构造运动的作用下,广西海岸地貌的塑造及演化过程;结合测年数据的综合分析,绘出了冰后期及全新世中期高海面时广西的古海岸位置。 相似文献
18.
潮汐汊道均衡断面面积计算与稳定性分析中的问题 ——以海南陵水新村为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对潮汐汊道稳定性与均衡断面面积定义的探讨,明确了O Brien等、Kreeke与Bruun对潮汐汊道稳定性定义的差异。通过不同方法求解一维水力学与连续方程,计算了海南陵水新村潮汐汊道的封闭曲线,并采用华南沿海A-P关系得出的均衡流速曲线及Soulsby临界流速曲线,计算了新村潮汐汊道的均衡断面面积,根据O Brien等与Kreeke的稳定性定义对新村潮汐汊道的稳定性进行了判别。结果表明,在大、小潮期用不同方法及不同的断面变化方式得出的稳定均衡断面面积(A2)在同样的均衡流速曲线下基本一致,而小潮期的稳定均衡断面面积要小于大潮期,最大流速处的断面面积(Acc)要大于大潮期。A2、Acc及饱满系数为0.8时对应的断面面积三者之间具有较大的差异。用封闭曲线求取潮汐汊道均衡断面面积并进行稳定性判断,在概念上有一定意义,可以作为潮汐汊道稳定性判断的一个依据,但通过求解一维水力学与连续方程以获取均衡断面面积则具有较大的局限性与不确定性。应通过中长期的野外观测、数值模拟与物理模型,以确定潮汐汊道的水动力特征以及地形演变规律,得出A-P关系进而求出均衡断面面积,并结合Bruun方法判定潮汐汊道的稳定性。 相似文献
19.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2000,43(6):495-514
Beaches are very important to Australians but are presently threatened by several forms of environmental degradation. Beach management has traditionally concentrated on geomorphic hazards and the recreational human-use of beaches, but has largely ignored the ecological and broader environmental values of beaches. In this paper beaches are conceived as multidimensional environmental systems — `beach environments’ — that are nested within larger coastal systems and comprised of interacting natural, socio-cultural and management systems. These three component systems of beach environments have usually been considered separately. It is argued that a focus on both the component systems of beach environments and interactions among these systems is necessary for improvements in the management, conservation and overall environmental quality of beaches. Interactions among natural, socio-cultural and management systems are specified in a simple model of beach environments. A brief review of our knowledge on these interactions indicates that fundamental information is lacking in Australia and the ramifications are potentially severe. The concept of beach environments provides an appropriate context for the collection of relevant information, the collaboration necessary between researchers and managers and a new setting for beach environmental management. Several opportunities are outlined for beach management. 相似文献