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1.
第四纪加积型红土与下蜀黄土理化特征比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
加积型红土和下蜀黄土是我国亚热带地区常见的第四纪沉积物。测试了加积型红土的粒度、矿物与石英砂表面特征、磁化率、常量元素和稀土元素等理化指标,并与下蜀黄土进行了对比分析,结果表明,加积型红土与下蜀黄土在理化特征上具有整体相似性,显示风成特性,但较下蜀黄土经历了更为强烈的化学风化作用。同一剖面自下而上为加积型红土至棕黄色下蜀土的沉积序列,揭示了中更新世至晚更新世风化成壤强度减弱、气候由湿热向干凉转变的趋势;北亚热带和中亚热带沉积年代相当的下蜀土风化特征差异反映了古环境变化的纬度效应。 相似文献
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新疆伊犁黄土研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新疆伊犁黄土-古土壤序列记录了更新世以来中亚伊犁地区自然环境的演化和变迁。总结了伊犁黄土粒度、磁化率、碳酸盐和孢粉等各指标的环境意义及其黄土和古土壤地球化学风化特征、形成环境和空间分布的差异性。结果发现:磁化率和色度由于受到多种因素不同程度的影响,对气候的指示意义较为复杂;孢粉组合和碳酸盐均指示研究区有些古土壤形成时期相对干旱,有些黄土堆积时期相对湿润;矿物和元素组成均表明伊犁盆地黄土形成于较干冷气候条件下;粒度对研究区气候的冷暖波动具有较好的指示意义。此外,古环境研究表明伊犁盆地黄土和古土壤风化分异作用不明显,古土壤形成时期地面环流较黄土形成时强,黄土-古土壤堆积存在空间差异性。 相似文献
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南京老虎山黄土剖面的磁化率及Rb和Rb/Sr对古气候的指示意义 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
宁镇地区的下蜀黄土记录了古气候变化的丰富信息，作为中国北方风尘堆积的南部边缘相，下蜀黄土在全球环境变化研究中占有重要的地位。以10cm间距系统分析了典型的下蜀黄土剖面-老虎山剖面的Rb,Sr含量和频率磁化率，结果表明，磁化率对冬季风场强度化有较好的指示意义。但在指示下蜀黄土的风化成壤强度方面不很理想；Rb含量可以作为指示东亚冬季风强度的替代性指标；Rb/Sr比可以作为下蜀黄土化学风化强度的替代性指标，Rb/Sr比由剖面下部至上部升高是长江中下游地区12万年以来成壤作用增强的结果。 相似文献
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东海嵊山岛风尘黄土中的植物硅酸体与环境研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
东海岛屿风尘黄土地层的存在是下蜀黄土在东部的继续与延伸，红外释光测年（IRSL）表明，东海嵊山岛黄土剖面形成年代约为50－10kaBP，即形成于晚更新世末次冰期期间；植物硅酸体分析发现该剖面样品含有丰富的禾本科植物硅酸体化石，且在剖面中变化较大，在对植物硅酸体进行分类的基础上，运用了判别分析、冷暖比值判别和古植被类型判别的方法，对植物硅酸体所反映的古环境进行了分析，将岛屿风尘地层中的植物硅酸体划分为7个变化阶段，反映了岛屿黄土堆积期的7次气候变化过程，探讨了该地区末次冰期期间古环境、古气候变迁特征，发现该剖面沉积期间主要为干冷的草原环境且经过了一系列冷－暖气候变迁。 相似文献
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理县黄土地层与环境记录 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
理县黄土堆积厚度为7.30 m,可分为S0、S1古土壤层和L1黄土层。光释光结果显示,理县黄土沉积始于末次间冰期,约130 kaBP。磁化率、粒度、碳酸盐含量等经典气候替代指标分析表明,它们可以反映青藏高原东部气候环境变迁。环境记录显示,末次冰期间冰阶(即氧同位素3阶段)期间该区呈现出极端冷湿的气候环境。理县地区气候演化更接近于印度季风强度记录的变化,而与格陵兰冰心和深海氧同位素记录相似性稍差。 相似文献
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黄土-古土壤磁化率述评 总被引：30，自引：4，他引：26
黄土－古土壤是研究亚洲大陆内部过去２．６０Ｍａ间古环境变化的最好记录,特别是研究其与季风气候形成的密切关系,以及黄土扩展到日本甚至广泛的太平洋区域（北半球）等重大气候环境现象。其研究对第四纪古环境恢复具有极大的意义。最近基于黄土－古土壤而进行的古环境研究取得了很大的进展,一是因为黄土－古土壤磁化率的变化与深海沉积物的氧同位素比的变化非常一致,指示陆相沉积物亦可作为古气候的良好代用指标。另一方面,为什么黄土－古土壤中的磁化率存在差别,特别是古土壤磁化率为什么增大等问题,已成为这１０ａ间岩石磁学研究的中心课题。磁化率不单单只与强磁性矿物的含量成比例,同时也与不同种类的强磁性矿物的粒径分布有很大关系。发现在土壤化过程中形成的０．１μｍ以下的单畴－超顺磁性颗粒是造成古土壤磁化率增强的主要原因,它是否与生物作用有关目前仍不确定,但不论哪种情况,都可以肯定暖湿气候是古土壤磁化率增加的共同原因。磁化率增强的系统理论明确建立以来,使得从磁化率的变化来推算降水量,以及建立古气候复元的定量模型等都已成为可行。 相似文献
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许家窑遗址是中国重要的早期智人遗址,在研究东亚现代人及其行为起源和人类生存行为领域具有重要意义。对遗址74093地点地层剖面的粒度、磁化率、碳氧同位素和有机碳分析表明,遗址代表了晚更新世早期至MIS3阶段的梨益沟第三级基座阶地沉积序列,总体显示由牛轭湖逐渐转为河漫滩沉积环境,沉积水动力条件相对较弱。粒度大小和磁化率呈正相关关系,粗颗粒对应较高的磁化率值。剖面沉积经历了由相对温暖湿润→相对稳定的干燥寒冷→波动的干燥寒冷→逐渐转暖4个阶段;古人类集中活动于剖面下部,年代为晚更新世早期,大致对应于MIS5阶段,气候由相对温湿而转为稳定的寒冷环境。动物群指示的古人类活动时期的气候相对冷湿,古植被为疏林草地型景观。 相似文献
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镇江下蜀黄土粒度特征及其成因初探 总被引：37，自引：5，他引：37
根据具有代表性的镇江大港剖面的粒度分析结果探讨了下蜀黄土的成因。结果表明：镇江下蜀黄土主要由＜50μm细颗粒物质组成，＞50μm的砂粒贫乏，平均含量仅占4．18％；50－10μm粗粉砂含量为49．36％，为众数粒组；10－5μm的细粉砂平均含量为18．02％；＜5μm的粘粒含量为28．44％。粒度概率累积曲线呈标准的二段工，频率分布曲线为单峰，粒度参数具有高度一致性特征。粒度分析证实，镇江下蜀黄土与北方黄土一样同是大气粉尘堆积物。我国自西北向东南沿主风方向呈带状排列的砂黄土带（柴达木黄土）、典型黄土带（黄土高原黄土）、粘黄土带（山东黄土）、细粘黄土带（宁镇下蜀黄土）共同构成了我国独特的第四纪风尘堆积空间分布延伸序列，它们是在第四纪冰期干冷气候条件下气－地系统相互作用形成的地质统一体。 相似文献
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长江三峡大宁河流域3 000年来的沉积环境和风尘堆积 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
对长江三峡大宁河流域双堰塘剖面的粒度、磁化率和氧化物进行了综合分析，揭示了该区3000a来的沉积环境变化，并对全新世第1寒冷期的风尘堆积作了初步探讨。该区3000a来的风尘堆积是在全新世第1寒冷期（1000－850BC），即是亚北方期又是新冰期时形成的。而此寒冷期又存在次一级的气候波动。风尘堆积下层是在干凉气候下形成的原始风尘堆积，而上层气候趋于冷湿，流水作用增强，原始风尘堆积被流水搬运，在此形成次生黄土。由于所受水动力条件和风化程度的不同，本区风尘堆积与长江下游地区的风尘堆积以及北方黄土之间存在着明显的差异之处。 相似文献
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佳县红粘土堆积序列频率磁化率的古气候意义 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
佳县红粘土剖面的磁性地层学研究证明，黄土高原北部风尘堆积的起始年代可以追溯到8．35Ma以前，通过进一步的磁化率测量和频率磁化率分析，发现佳县红粘土及上覆部分午城黄土—古土壤序列的磁化率和频率磁化率之间存在良好的正相关关系，表明成壤作用过程中由生物作用或风化作用形成的超顺磁颗粒和磁性矿物对磁化率和频率磁化率的增大具有重要贡献；同时，剖面中红粘土频率磁化率的百分含量明显高于上部午城黄土，指示了红粘土堆积较强的成壤作用，表明黄土高原普遍发育的红粘土堆积具有相似的磁学性质和古气候意义，并在空间尺度上可以对比。佳县风尘堆积的频率磁化率年代序列指示了3．6Ma以来，尤其是2．7Ma后气候波动加剧和北方干旱化增强。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献