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1.
参考《海洋监测规范第6部分:生物体分析》(GB17378.6-1998)的规范方法,采用单一HNO3-HClO4常压方法消化贻贝成分分析分析标准物质(GBW08571)。取样量为0.500g时,在加热温度为160℃～210℃,加入10mL HNO3、2mLHClO4,加盖加热7h左右,最后的样品消化液赶酸赶净的条件下,样品消化液直接以原子吸收分光光度计测定,其中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr的测定值都在标准值范围之内。并着重对比温度对消化效果的影响以及Cu,Cd以火焰法与无火焰法测定的差别。 相似文献
2.
城市道路沉积物重金属风险评价是表征城市环境质量的有效途径。采用重金属化学形态和生物可利用性来评估其生态风险更合理,越来越受到人们的关注。本文采集山东省青岛市崂山区10条次干道沉积物样品,分析不同粒径沉积物中Zn、Cd、Cu、Pb的含量、化学形态和生物可利用性,采用地累积指数(Igeo)和改进的生态风险指数(RIm)评价细粒径(小于75μm)沉积物中重金属污染水平和生态风险。结果表明:(1)沉积物粒径越小,重金属含量则越多。当粒径小于75μm时,Zn、Cd、Cu和Pb平均含量分别为山东省土壤元素背景值的10.63、6.07、3.39、2.70倍。(2)随粒径的减小,生物可利用性增大。小于75μm粒径的Zn、Cd、Cu和Pb的生物可利用态百分比为74%、78%、66%和55%。(3)评价结果显示,Zn、Cd、Cu和Pb的值分别为2.83、2.01、2.22和2.05,结果均为偏重度污染。(4)评价结果为较高生态风险,其中Cd属于极高风险,Cu和Pb属于中等风险,Zn属于低风险,Cd对的贡献高达75%。以重金属污染水平、迁移率、生物可利用性和生态风险为评价依据,认为Zn、Cd、Cu、Pb的风险均较大。该研究可为青岛市道路重金属污染防控提供指导。 相似文献
3.
海水养殖池沉积物中重金属形态和生物酶活性的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以连云港市对虾养殖池表层沉积物为研究对象,采用Tessier连续萃取法,研究了表层沉积物中重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Mn)的赋存形态和酶(脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶)活性的相关性。结果表明,重金属Cu和Zn以有机-硫化物结合态为主要的赋存形态,Pb以铁锰氧化物态为主要的赋存形态,Cd以可交换态(平均33.47%)和碳酸盐结合态(平均31.16%)为主要存在形态,Cr和As主要以残渣态存在,Mn的铁锰氧化物态比例最高。脲酶的活性范围为0.45—8.96mg/(g·24h),碱性磷酸酶活性范围为2.45—6.69mg/(g·24h),过氧化氢酶活性范围为0.14—2.36m L/(g·min),转化酶活性范围为0.45—10.45mg/(g·24h)。脲酶活性与Cd、As的可交换态、Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cu、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫化物态之间显著相关;碱性磷酸酶活性与Zn、Cd的铁锰氧化物态显著相关;过氧化氢酶活性与Cd的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态及残渣态、Cu、Cd、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫结合态之间显著相关;转化酶活性与Cu、Cd、As的可交换态、Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cu、Cd、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫化物态、Cd、As的残渣态之间显著相关。酶活性可以用来指示海水养殖池沉积物中重金属的形态转化过程。 相似文献
4.
本文以荣成湾近岸海域14种经济生物体为研究对象,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)对其体内Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As等7种重金属的含量进行了测定,采用单因子污染指数法(SFI)和金属污染指数法(MPI)对重金属污染程度和食用安全质量进行了评价,在此基础上,以日摄食量(DI)和目标危害系数(THQ)为考量指标,评估了人体摄食可能存在的健康风险。结果表明,14种经济生物体重金属平均含量ZnCuCrAsPbCdHg,7种重金属含量在14种经济生物体中存在一定的差异。对比海洋生物质量国家标准,14种经济生物体中Pb与部分贝类生物体中Zn和Cr稍有超标,8种经济生物体中总As和1种生物体中Pb含量超出人体消费卫生标准。人体暴露风险评估表明,红螺、三疣梭子蟹、星鳗、高眼鲽和棒锥螺中Pb和As的THQ大于1,摄食其有潜在的非致癌健康风险。综合研究结果提示,在人体正常摄食海产品水平下,不存在大的食品安全风险。 相似文献
5.
《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(3)
广东惠州海域是粤港澳大湾区生态安全屏障的关键节点。本文分析了2018年夏季惠州20种海洋鱼类体内Cu、Pb、Cd含量,利用单因子污染指数(SFI)进行了重金属污染水平评价,探讨了栖息水层、食性对鱼类体内重金属富集的影响。结果显示,(1)2018年夏季惠州海域鱼类体内重金属含量大小顺序与春季相同,皆为CuPbCd;夏季鱼类体内Cd含量显著高于春季,其与海水、沉积物重金属的季节变化无明显响应关系。(2)栖息水层方面,中上层鱼类体内Cu、Cd含量平均值高于中下层及底层鱼类,Pb含量反之;鱼类体内Cu含量差异显著,说明生境中重金属生物可利用性和鱼种类对鱼体内重金属富集有重要影响。(3)杂食性鱼类体内Cu和Pb较高,底栖动物食性鱼类容易富集Cd,反映了鱼类选择性吸收重金属元素;方差分析结果显示,摄食行为并未导致鱼类体内Cu、Pb、Cd元素富集。(4)鱼类体内Cu与Pb的Pearson相关分析结果为显著正相关,反映其具有同源性。(5)SFI平均值显示,夏季惠州海洋鱼类体内重金属污染程度高于春季;夏季鱼类体内Cu含量为正常水平,Pb整体为轻度污染,Cd为重度污染。(6)参照《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》(NY 5073-2006)和WHO/FAO标准,2018年夏季鱼类体内Cd含量分别超标70%和20%,需引起关注。 相似文献
6.
分析了茅尾海海水、表层沉积物和生物体中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的含量及分布特征,并运用单因子指数法、地积累指数法评价了该区重金属污染程度。结果表明:海水中Pb、Cd、Hg的含量大都符合海水水质第一类标准,Cu符合第二类标准,Zn超第二类标准,但含量均低于渔业水质标准;表层沉积物重金属含量符合海洋沉积物质量第一类标准,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的地积累指数(1geo)均较小,Cd污染程度略大,污染多在红树林潮滩,沉积物质量属轻度污染,与国内外海湾相比处于较低污染水平;不同生物对重金属吸附作用存在较大差异,潮间带生物除对Pb外的其他重金属富集效果显著。 相似文献
7.
以三门湾表层沉积物为研究对象,对5种重金属(Zn、Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb)的含量分布、赋存形态进行分析,并运用潜在生态危害指数法、Risk Assessment Code(RAC)法、次生相与原生相比值法对重金属生态风险进行了评价。结果表明:三门湾表层沉积物重金属的含量分布整体表现为湾内高于湾外海域,人类活动是主要影响因素。运用BCR法对沉积物中重金属进行分级提取,结果显示 Zn、Cd、Cr、Cu均以残渣态为主要赋存形态(Zn:79.20%~84.25%、Cr:93.24%~96.16%、Cd:34.71%~57.58%、Cu:66.06%~79.51%),而Pb以可还原态为主(56.58%~76.44%)。评价结果中,潜在生态危害指数法和次生相与原生相比值法均显示湾内的重金属污染比湾外严重,而RAC法指出Pb污染为湾外高于湾内海域;潜在生态危害指数法和RAC均指出Cd是主要污染元素;在次生相与原生相比值法中Pb则是主要危害元素,Cd次之。 相似文献
8.
根据2012—2017年每年8月廉州湾贝类养殖区现场监测资料,探讨了重金属(Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd)在其海水和表层沉积物中的含量变化,评价了2种介质中重金属的污染状况和沉积物重金属的潜在危害状况.结果表明:海水中重金属平均含量为Cu Pb Cd Hg,除Cu外,Hg、Pb、Cd的年际变化均呈明显上升趋势,其污染程度顺序为Cu Hg Pb Cd,整体水质状况基本属于本底水平;表层沉积物中重金属平均含量为Pb Cu Cd Hg,除Hg外,Cu、Pb、Cd的年际变化趋势和水相中的变化基本一致,其污染程度排序为Cu Pb Hg Cd,整体处于中等污染水平;表层沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险程度顺序依次为Hg Cd Cu Pb,6次调查结果的综合潜在生态风险指数RI值均低于140,平均值为76. 98,表明该海域属于低潜在生态风险水平. 相似文献
9.
研究了珠江口贫氧区表层沉积物中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Fe和Mn含量的相互关系;探讨它们在迁移和固-液平衡过程相互作用的特征;研究了沉积物的环境因素和重要组分对其沉积-溶解作用的影响;研究了表层沉积物对它们的富集作用。结果发现,沉积物对Cu,Pb,Zn和Cd的富集系数(K)排列次序为K_(Cd)>K_(Pb)>K_(Cu)>K_(Zn)。K_(Cd)大于对照区和长江口的相应值。此结果说明,上述区域的表层沉积物中可能有自生的CdS。且贫氧水的表层沉积物中Fe,Mn,Cu,Pb和Cd的地球化学特性尚未有显著的改变。 相似文献
10.
纳米粒子在大亚湾痕量金属迁移和转换过程中的重要作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用切向超滤技术对大亚湾纳米粒子 (0 .4 5μm～ 10 3 Daltons)进行了有效分离 ,并计算其回收率。测定了大亚湾胶体态和溶解态 (<10 3 Daltons)痕量金属 (Cu、Pb和 Cd)的含量。平均来说 ,14% Cu、2 0 % Pb和 2 4 % Cd实际上与胶体物质密切相关 ,说明胶体物质在这些金属的迁移和转换过程中具有重要作用 相似文献
11.
孔隙水是沉积物-海水界面链接沉积物颗粒和上覆水体的一个重要过渡相态,针对其研究可更好地了解痕量金属在固-液界面的早期成岩过程。近年来,针对孔隙水中痕量元素研究的方法较为匮乏,为此建立了一种分析测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中7种痕量金属元素(Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、Co、Pb)的方法,该方法使用Nobias PA1树脂进行富集分离,再使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行测试,可针对孔隙水中的痕量金属元素进行准确分析。通过实验结果发现该方法最优实验条件为: Nobias PA1树脂富集时的pH值为5.5~6.0,洗脱酸浓度为1.3 mol/L硝酸,体积为1 mL。同时,样品需进行紫外消解4 h以上以分解有机络合物,该消解步骤对Cu和Co这两种元素尤其重要。该方法通过加标回收获得Mn、Cu、Ni、Co和Pb的回收率在92%~100%, Zn和Cd的回收率分别为72%和82%; Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni的方法检出限范围为0.03~0.53 nmol/L, Cd、Co、Pb的方法检出限范围为2.66×10-3~8.60×10-3 nmol/L,满足孔隙水中痕量金属浓度的测试需求。同时,根据检出限计算的结果显示,孔隙水样品只需1 mL,即可应用该方法进行测试。应用该方法测试了一根采集于北黄海中部沉积物短柱的孔隙水样品,测试结果显示其垂相分布合理、较符合早期成岩过程规律。此研究为分析海洋沉积物孔隙水中痕量金属元素提供了一种准确而简便的方法。 相似文献
12.
An investigation of trace metal distributions in the Western Mediterranean Sea was carried out during the RRS Discovery cruise (July 1993) in which a transect from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Strait of Sicily was conducted. Organically complexed dissolved trace metals and their total concentrations were measured to investigate the end-members and to predict the environmental capacity of the Mediterranean for potential toxic metals. The distribution of trace metals can be accounted for by the mixing of several end-members and by some atmospheric inputs to the surface water. For Pb and Fe, the effects of the atmospheric inputs are more pronounced than for the other metals. Due to the rapid exchange of water masses, the Western Mediterranean may have the ability to assimilate the increased external inputs for some trace metals such as Cu, Cd, Ni and Zn. But the external inputs for Pb and Fe exceed the removal capacity of the Western Mediterranean and these elements may accumulate in the water column of the western basin. The C18 Sep-Pak technique and direct determination by DPASV were used to determine the amount of trace metal–organic complexes. The C18 Sep-Pak column isolates only a small fraction of trace metals except for Cu. The maximum hydrophobic fractions for the studied trace metals, except for Cd and Pb, which are not detectable, were found in the subsurface layer at all stations. This maximum may well be linked to picoplankton activity and the picoplankton, prochlorophytes may have an important role in the speciation of dissolved Cu as well as Synechococcus. These organic ligands for Cu were produced at the maximum of biological activity in the Western Mediterranean basin and seem to be accumulated at halocline level by Mediterranean hydrodynamic characteristics. However, direct determination by DPASV showed that the major part of Cu, Cd and Pb, complexed by organic materials, was not isolated by C18 Sep-Pak technique. 相似文献
13.
能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪是一种较为先进的化学分析仪器。我们应用此仪器,采用谱线背景作内标的方法对海洋沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Ba元素进行了测定,结果比较令人满意。本方法的准确度要优于重量法、比色法,与原子吸收法相比,本法不需要经过萃取分离处理样品,方法简便、快速。因此,本方法适用于大批量样品和多元素的快速测量。 相似文献
14.
A thorough understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in the ocean is crucial because of the important role these elements play in regulating metabolism in marine biotas and thus, the climate. However, a precise and accurate analysis of trace metals in seawater is difficult because they are present at extremely low concentrations in a high salt matrix. In this study, we report an analytical method for the preconcentration and separation of six trace metals, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, in seawater using a seaFAST automatic solid-phase extraction device, analysis by a triple quadrupole collision/reaction technique with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and quantification by the isotope dilution technique. A small volume (10 mL) of seawater sample was mixed with a multi-element isotope spike and subjected to seaFAST procedures. The preconcentrate solution was then analyzed using the optimized collision/reaction cell mode of ICP-MS, with NH3 gas for Fe and Cd with a flow rate of 0.22 mL/min and He for Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb with a flow rate of 4.0 mL/min. The procedure blanks were 130 pmol/L, 3.0 pmol/L, 6.8 pmol/L, 37 pmol/L, 0.29 pmol/L and 0.42 pmol/L, for Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, respectively. The method was validated using five reference materials (SLRs-6, SLEW-3, CASS-6, NASS-7 and GEOTRACE-GSC), and our results were consistent with the consensus values. The method was further validated by measuring full-water-column seawater samples from the subtropical Northwest Pacific Ocean, and our results demonstrated good oceanic consistency. 相似文献
15.
高生泉 《海洋学报(英文版)》1987,6(2):313-313
A simple and rapid method has been proposed for direct determination of Cd, Pb, Cu in marine sediments and suspended matters by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, using the HNO_3-HClO_4-HF decomposition. The L'vov platform and matrix modiffer technique were used with peak-area measurement to effectively eliminate the matrix 相似文献
16.
《Marine Chemistry》1991,32(2-4)
The adsorption of trace metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg) on calcite, kaolinite and bentonite has been studied in Krka river water of various salinities (S = 3, 20 and 38‰).Model experiments were performed at pH 8 in natural water and in UV-irradiated water samples to determine the importance of natural soluble organic matter. Cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the Hg determination, and a differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) method for determination of other trace metals, using either a hanging mercury drop electrode or a mercury-coated glassy carbon working electrode. The following results have been obtained on calcite:
- 1. (1) a powerful absorption of Pb and Zn was observed for both natural and UV-irradiated waters at S=20‰;
- 2. (2) a strong adsorption of Hg was observed in natural water, and significantly lower adsorption in UV-irradiated water at all three salinities, particularly at low salinity;
- 3. (3) Cd adsorption was of medium intensity in both waters at S=20‰;
- 4. (4) Cu was practically not adsorbable in both waters at S=20‰ if the total Cu ion concentration was lower than the copper complexing capacity value;
- 5. (5) Cu adsorption was of a medium intensity at S=38‰. It has not influenced by the EDTA model ligand.
17.
Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators. 相似文献
18.
The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn were determined in above- and belowground parts of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) at forty stations in a shallow, brackish water area (the Limfjord, Denmark). The concentrations of the trace metals were significantly elevated near the cities of Aalborg (Pb, Cu) and Struer (Cd). Trace metal concentrations in above and belowground parts of eelgrass were log-normal distributed and the concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn in aboveground parts were significantly higher than in belowground parts. Furthermore, a significant correlation between trace metal concentrations in above- and belowground parts was found. The background level of trace metal concentrations in eelgrass in the Limfjord was estimated.The application of eelgrass as a monitoring organism is discussed; it is suggested that the concentration of some trace metals in above- and belowground parts of eelgrass may be used as a measure of the bioavailable fraction of these trace metals in ambient and interstitial water (sediment), respectively. 相似文献
19.
《Marine Chemistry》2001,74(1):65-85
Here it is demonstrated that both Porphyra spp. and Enteromorpha spp. of macro-algae display similar and very marked seasonal variations in their concentration factor (CF) of Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg in field conditions. The CF variations are specific for each metal and reproducible over several years. The way variations in the biological activity affect the equilibrium and kinetics of the interaction between trace metals and live algae was studied in vitro. Natural seawater was used as the culture medium. Voltammetry was used for the determination of natural organic ligands and trace metals except Hg, which was determined by mercury cold vapour after on-line pre-concentration. Titrations with the relevant metal demonstrated that the maximum binding capacity of the algae was not significantly dependent on the season for Pb (ca. 100 μmol gdry algae−1), Cd (ca. 50 μmol g−1) and Hg (80–100 μmol g−1). Marked seasonal variations were observed for Cu (ca. 40 μmol g−1 in January; 70 μmol g−1 in May; and 100 μmol g−1 in August). The conditional stability constants of metal–algae complexation sites were seasonally independent and similar for both algae: logKMS′=8.5±0.3 (Cu), 5.6±0.2 (Pb), 5.3±0.2 (Cd) and 18.0±0.3 (Hg). Exudates with a strong Cu complexing capacity (logK′CuL=12.47±0.06) were determined in cultures with added Cu, Pb or Cd concentrations, and identified by cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) as cysteine or glutathione. All the tested metals promoted the liberation of exudates, both cysteine- and glutathione-like ligands were exuded in the presence of Cu, only cysteine-like ligands in the presence of Pb, and only glutathione-like ligands in the presence of Cd, the rise depending of the season of the year, particularly for Cu. Highest levels were produced in the presence of added Pb. When exposed to either 1- or 100-μM total dissolved metal concentrations, the metal uptake, and its rate, varied with the season and the algae. 相似文献
20.
Extensive surveys were made to establish the concentrations of several metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Hg) in various marine organisms from different parts of the Adriatic Sea in the period from 1979 to 1985. The results obtained are based on analyses which were performed in conjunction with carefully tested procedures. Proper sampling, sample storage, treatment of samples and final analytical determination has excluded artefacts which would influence the accuracy, or cause contamination and/or trace metal losses.The metal concentrations in shellfish from the coastal areas of the Adriatic Sea are in the range of the lowest values obtained for similar organisms from other localities throughout the Mediterranean Sea. Special attention has been paid to the anthropogenic influence on trace metal concentrations in organisms living in the vicinity of domestic sewage and/or industrial waste-water outflows. 相似文献