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1.
渭南黄土剖面中的稀土元素   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
对渭南黄土-古土壤序列中稀土元素含量和分布特征的研究结果表明:古土壤比黄土层的∑REE表现丰度高,这主要是古土壤中碳酸盐遭到强烈淋滤造成的相对富集。实际上,在成土过程中稀土元素本身有淋失。黄土层和古土壤层的稀土元素组合模式彼此相似,并且与黄河中游黄土也极相似,这反映了中国黄土的物质来自于相似的源区。黄土中稀土元素对古气候变化的响应主要表现在Ce的异常程度、各种稀土的组成和稀土总量的表现丰度上。因而,δCe、∑Ce/∑Y和∑REE也能从一个方面气候环境的变化。  相似文献   

2.
第四纪加积型红土与下蜀黄土理化特征比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
加积型红土和下蜀黄土是我国亚热带地区常见的第四纪沉积物。测试了加积型红土的粒度、矿物与石英砂表面特征、磁化率、常量元素和稀土元素等理化指标,并与下蜀黄土进行了对比分析,结果表明,加积型红土与下蜀黄土在理化特征上具有整体相似性,显示风成特性,但较下蜀黄土经历了更为强烈的化学风化作用。同一剖面自下而上为加积型红土至棕黄色下蜀土的沉积序列,揭示了中更新世至晚更新世风化成壤强度减弱、气候由湿热向干凉转变的趋势;北亚热带和中亚热带沉积年代相当的下蜀土风化特征差异反映了古环境变化的纬度效应。  相似文献   

3.
晚新生代风尘沉积的稀土元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16  
通过西峰巴家咀剖面晚新生代风尘沉积中的红粘土、黄土、古土壤的稀土元素、分布模式、特征参数的研究,并与晚第三纪红色沙漠风成砂、晚第三纪河流相细砂岩、第四纪沙漠风成砂、现代尘暴粉尘、中国黄土以及青藏高原远源西风粉尘进行对比分析,结果表明,晚新生代风尘沉积物均具有轻稀土适度富集、缓右倾斜型、Eu负异常的REE分布模式;晚第三纪红色沙漠是红粘土的主要物源之一;红粘土和典型的风尘物质-现代尘暴粉尘及中国黄土有相似的沙漠物质来源和形成过程,与基岩明显不同,这为红粘土的“风成说”而非“残积说”提供了新的证据。巴家咀红粘土的堆积过程与第四纪黄土相似,东亚季风环流而非西风环流控制着沙漠区粉尘物质的输送。  相似文献   

4.
新疆伊犁黄土研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
新疆伊犁黄土-古土壤序列记录了更新世以来中亚伊犁地区自然环境的演化和变迁。总结了伊犁黄土粒度、磁化率、碳酸盐和孢粉等各指标的环境意义及其黄土和古土壤地球化学风化特征、形成环境和空间分布的差异性。结果发现:磁化率和色度由于受到多种因素不同程度的影响,对气候的指示意义较为复杂;孢粉组合和碳酸盐均指示研究区有些古土壤形成时期相对干旱,有些黄土堆积时期相对湿润;矿物和元素组成均表明伊犁盆地黄土形成于较干冷气候条件下;粒度对研究区气候的冷暖波动具有较好的指示意义。此外,古环境研究表明伊犁盆地黄土和古土壤风化分异作用不明显,古土壤形成时期地面环流较黄土形成时强,黄土-古土壤堆积存在空间差异性。  相似文献   

5.
黄土沉积中生物成因的钙结核是在古土壤的发育阶段由上层的碳酸盐淋滤并在古土壤的下部形成的次生碳酸盐。探讨了黄土钙结核硼同位素样品的处理方法,并利用负热电离质谱法(NTIMS)测定低含量黄土钙结核中同位素组成,实验表明采用稀盐酸溶解样品、硼特效树脂分离提取样品中的硼是适宜的。黄土钙结核酸溶相的硼含量变化范围为3.4-5.7μg/g,δ^11B值变化为-3.3‰-+16.9‰。硼含量和硼同位素组成有正相关关系。黄土和钙结核之间硼同位素组成有较大的差异,其原因可能与钙结核中更高的碳酸钙含量及水体的pH值有关,黄土钙结核酸溶相中的硼同位素组成的初步结果表明其示踪黄土沉积环境的可能性。  相似文献   

6.
利用黄土中的碳同位素半定量地重建古温度   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在相对稳定的气候阶段,土壤中的CO2与其中的碳酸盐之间处于同位素平衡状态,这意味着二者的碳同位素分馏值可作为地质温度计估算古温度。对中国洛川黄土剖面的10组黄土-古土壤序列L1-1-S8同时做了碳酸盐和有机质的碳同位素分析。由于这些地层单元可以与深海氧同位素记录的2-21阶段对比,其中L1-1-L2可与南极Vostok冰心的大气CO2浓度记录对比,由此通过相关分析确定了各地层形成时的平均大气CO2浓度及其δ^183C值,再根据Cerling模型,用有机质δ^13C值代替土壤呼吸CO2的δ^13C,算出土壤CO2的δ^13值。将该值与次生碳酸盐的δ^13C值代入Deines分馏方程可算出各地层单元的古温度。该温度代表了平均深度约30cm处的土壤温度,相当于当时的夏季大气温度。所有数据与黄土-古土壤地层学记录的气候变化吻合,定量地反映了近800ka来黄土高原古气候的变化。  相似文献   

7.
黄海YA01孔沉积物稀土元素组成与源区示踪   总被引:17,自引:5,他引:17  
黄海YA01孔沉积物稀土元素总量(∑REE)变化范围较大,接近于全球沉积物平均稀土元素含量的下限,略高于黄海、东海、明显低于渤海,南海表层沉积物的平均含量,∑REE和δEu、δCe值的变化受岩性和沉积环境变化的控制,各类沉积物的稀土元素配分模式非常一致,表明这些沉积物具有相同的物源区,Ce/La、Sm/Nd比值的DF值判别结果表明,钻孔沉积物与现代黄河沉积物更为接近。  相似文献   

8.
海南东寨港红树林沉积物的稀土元素示踪分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对海南岛东寨港红树林湿地沉积物进行了稀土元素的地球化学特征进行分析发现:研究区沉积物∑REE变化范围为141.28~269.20mg.kg~(-1),平均值为221.88mg.kg~(-1)。沉积物稀土元素球粒陨石标准配分曲线呈现出明显的轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损分布特征,δEu的平均值为0.58,明显负异常,表现为陆源沉积物的REE属性;稀土元素上地壳标准化配分模式不存在显著的分馏。而将区内沉积物与上陆壳、周边土壤及沉积物的稀土特征参数及分布模式进行对比分析,发现区内沉积物与其基本一致,再以Sm/Nd做为对比元素进行判别分析,可以认为东寨港红树林湿地沉积物以海南本岛输入为主,与岛内土壤具有一定的继承性。  相似文献   

9.
南海北部陆坡海洋沉积物稀土元素及物源和成岩环境   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11  
通过对0DP184航次1146站位海底岩心沉积物中稀土元素含量及其配分模式的研究,确立了其分配规律,即相对富集轻稀土,Eu亏损等,并且与东海大陆架及中国黄土的稀土分布模式相似,表明本区沉积物物源主要来自陆源,是大陆岩石分化过程的产物。对富集因子的研究也证明了沉积物主要来自陆源。δCe的弱负异常值与∑REE和δEu值一样,主要受陆源源区气候环境变化控制,而与海水关系不大。稀土元素与生物作用基本无关,可能主要是赋存于陆源碎屑矿物的晶格中。通过对岩心沉积物间隙水成分的研究,表明成岩环境主要为还原环境。68m(mcd)以上主要为硫酸盐的还原作用,68m以下主要为甲烷的生物生成作用。  相似文献   

10.
闽江钻孔沉积物微量元素地球化学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
河流沉积物微量元素特征对指示沉积演化历史、沉积环境及沉积物的物质来源具有十分重要的示踪作用。闽江福州段540cm的沉积物微量元素比值(Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba)和稀土元素地球化学特征,敏锐地指示了沉积环境从河流快速转变为沼泽的突变点,同时,也清楚地指示了不同沉积环境下的物源变化。受控于闽江流域丰富的岩浆岩和稀土资源以及呈酸性的福建土壤和闽江水体,闽江钻孔沉积物REE明显高于上地壳、长江和黄河,与福建土壤最为接近。经过球状陨石和北美页岩标准化之后,闽江钻孔沉积物稀土元素分配模式呈右倾型,与长江和黄河沉积相比具有更好的轻稀土富集。δEu负异常和δCe正异常非常显著,并且与∑REE密切相关,表明它们均受到源区环境变化和搬运作用的控制。  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

17.
18.
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

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