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1.
海洋沉积物中石英单矿物的化学分离 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
海洋沉积物中的石英作为陆源物质的标志性矿物,是古环境和古气候演化的信息载体,已成为古环境和古气候演化研究的重要替代指标.提供了改进了的化学分离海洋沉积物中石英单矿物的方法流程.在流程中的不同阶段可有效去掉全样中的生物组分、粘土矿物和长石等,取得海洋沉积物全样的总陆源矿物、石英+长石、石英的相对和绝对含量,通过计算可获得各种组分的通量,通过粒度分析可获得粒度数据.同一样品的17次重复实验表明,含量结果的平均相对误差仅为2.36%;显微镜和X射线衍射分析检查所分离出的石英纯度可达98%以上;激光粒度分析表明,化学试剂对石英的溶蚀作用不明显,不影响粒度分析结果. 相似文献
2.
佳县红粘土堆积序列频率磁化率的古气候意义 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
佳县红粘土剖面的磁性地层学研究证明，黄土高原北部风尘堆积的起始年代可以追溯到8．35Ma以前，通过进一步的磁化率测量和频率磁化率分析，发现佳县红粘土及上覆部分午城黄土—古土壤序列的磁化率和频率磁化率之间存在良好的正相关关系，表明成壤作用过程中由生物作用或风化作用形成的超顺磁颗粒和磁性矿物对磁化率和频率磁化率的增大具有重要贡献；同时，剖面中红粘土频率磁化率的百分含量明显高于上部午城黄土，指示了红粘土堆积较强的成壤作用，表明黄土高原普遍发育的红粘土堆积具有相似的磁学性质和古气候意义，并在空间尺度上可以对比。佳县风尘堆积的频率磁化率年代序列指示了3．6Ma以来，尤其是2．7Ma后气候波动加剧和北方干旱化增强。 相似文献
3.
对中国黄土标准剖面———洛川黄土剖面之下的上新世红黏土进行了沉积特征和磁性地层学的研究,结果表明洛川红黏土堆积于约2.6~3.2 MaBP期间,从而确定世界惟一的黄土类地质公园的风尘开始堆积的年代约为3.2 MaBP。古气候替代性指标磁化率和粒度的分析表明,洛川风尘堆积序列记录了上新世到第四纪古气候的重大转型。 相似文献
4.
中国黄土是记录第四纪古气候信息的重要载体,作者就第四纪黄土研究中涉及的粒度测量、常用粒度指标、敏感粒度、粒度年龄模型以及粒度指标时间序列周期分析等方面的应用现状作了回顾。前人研究结果表明:不同前处理方法对粒度测量结果有较大影响;传统粒度指标应用广泛;敏感粒度的确定是反演古环境的关键;粒度指标时序谱分析是古气候定量化研究的重要方法之一;粒度年龄模型仍是较可信的建立地层年代序列的方法。 相似文献
5.
采用7种前处理方法对南京泰山新村下蜀黄土剖面30个样品进行了粒度分析,以探讨不同前处理方法对下蜀黄土粒度测量结果的影响。结果表明:(1)方法A(未做任何前处理)和方法D(加盐酸处理)的粒度频率分布曲线都呈单峰分布特征,而其他5种前处理方法处理后的粒度频率分布曲线都呈双峰分布特征,而且在双峰曲线的细粒端还存在一个很小的超细粒组分。(2)下蜀黄土中含有一定含量的有机质,尤其是古土壤层中的有机质含量更高,会明显影响粒度测量的结果。因而,下蜀黄土在进行粒度测量前处理时,需要加双氧水去除有机质。(3)下蜀黄土因处于湿热环境,淋溶作用强烈,碳酸盐含量极低,因而粒度测量时无需加盐酸去除碳酸盐。盐酸可能会与矿物发生反应,过剩的盐酸使溶液呈现较强的酸性促使土壤颗粒凝聚,使得所测粒径偏粗,而且使2μm的超细粒组分含量减少。因此,综合理论和经验分析,推荐了一种较好的进行下蜀黄土粒度测量的前处理方法 G,即先使用双氧水去除有机质,静置一夜,再使用(NaPO3)6分散剂,然后用超声波清洗机振荡后上机测试。 相似文献
6.
泥河湾盆地典型剖面沉积物磁化率特征及其意义 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
在对泥河湾盆地郝家台、小长梁、东谷坨三个典型剖面野外沉积特征初步研究的基础上,将剖面划分为四个沉积相：顶部马兰黄土堆积,上、下湖泊相和中部河流相。以１５ｃｍ为间距,系统采集了１６７４块样品,进行质量磁化率的测定与分析。结果表明：沉积物磁化率值的大小与沉积相,尤其是与沉积物的粒度相关。一般规律是滨浅湖相粉砂、粘土质粉砂的磁化率值大,而深湖相、半深湖相粘土和粉砂质粘土的磁化率值较低。磁化率值的变化在一定程度上反映了古气候的变化,磁化率高峰可能反映了干燥的气候环境,而低谷则可能反映了温湿的气候。沉积相和磁化率变化曲线相结合,将剖面分为７个对比层,初步讨论了１ＭａＢ．Ｐ．以来,盆地大概可以分为三个大的演化阶段：早期扩张期,中期收缩期,晚期扩张到收缩期。并通过剖面间的对比,初步认为剖面所含石器层的年龄大约在１Ｍａ．Ｂ．Ｐ．左右。 相似文献
7.
根据2008年7月对从前湖湾古树林埋藏剖面和钻孔连续采集的142个样品进行粒度参数测量,分析了古树林成因和埋藏地的沉积环境变迁。用前湖湾周边已知沉积相:海滩、入海河流、河口浅滩、海岸沙丘以及滨海沼泽样本作为目标判据,将平均粒径Mz、标准偏差σ1和峰态Kg设为判别参数,与剖面和钻孔样品进行聚类判别,结果表明,42KaBP前湖湾古树林被海湾—河口相变过程埋藏,经历了6个阶段:河口浅滩阶段、浅滩—沙丘交替阶段、浅滩—河流演变阶段、淡水沼泽阶段、海滩沙丘阶段和现代风沙阶段,是气候—环境演变导致了前湖湾沉溺古树林的埋藏。 相似文献
8.
东海嵊山岛风尘黄土中的植物硅酸体与环境研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
东海岛屿风尘黄土地层的存在是下蜀黄土在东部的继续与延伸，红外释光测年（IRSL）表明，东海嵊山岛黄土剖面形成年代约为50－10kaBP，即形成于晚更新世末次冰期期间；植物硅酸体分析发现该剖面样品含有丰富的禾本科植物硅酸体化石，且在剖面中变化较大，在对植物硅酸体进行分类的基础上，运用了判别分析、冷暖比值判别和古植被类型判别的方法，对植物硅酸体所反映的古环境进行了分析，将岛屿风尘地层中的植物硅酸体划分为7个变化阶段，反映了岛屿黄土堆积期的7次气候变化过程，探讨了该地区末次冰期期间古环境、古气候变迁特征，发现该剖面沉积期间主要为干冷的草原环境且经过了一系列冷－暖气候变迁。 相似文献
9.
闽南沿海前湖剖面及其第四纪地质若干问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
前湖剖面第四系出露比较完整，层次清晰，发育有炭质层、铁盘、重矿砂砾石层、“老红砂”层和玄武岩等特殊地层，是一个研究闽南沿海第四纪地质问题的比较有代表性的地表露头剖面。本文通过对前湖剖面中系列样品进行测年、微古、孢粉、矿物、粒度等综合分析研究，探讨了闽南沿海晚更新世晚期以来的古气候变化、海平面变动、“老红砂”的形成年代及成因以及第四纪地层划分等问题。 相似文献
10.
江汉平原6000年以来的古降水变化:江陵剖面沉积物粒度记录 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对江陵剖面沉积物的高密度采样和粒度分析,重建了江汉平原江陵地区近6.0kaBP以来的古降水古气候变化序列：6.0～4.6kaBP为干旱阶段;4.6～2.5kaBP为湿润时期,该时期可以进一步划分为前、后两个阶段：前期阶段4.60～3.44kaBP降水波动频繁,其中4.60～4.27、4.16～3.95、3.80～3.68kaBP为湿润时期,而4.27～4.16、3.95～3.80、3.68～3.44kaBP为干旱时期;后期3.44～2.50kaBP为稳定的湿润阶段,湖沼泥炭发育,其中3.1～2.87kaBP为干旱阶段;2.50kaBP以来,由湖沼堆积转化为洪水漫滩堆积,气候变干或冷干。江陵地区6kaBP以来的古降水古气候变化与国内相邻区域及国外的研究资料一致。 相似文献
11.
MS2000激光粒度仪测量第四纪沉积物粒度的定量进样研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
粒度是第四纪古气候与古环境重建的常用替代指标,目前通常采用Mastersizer2000激光粒度仪进行分析,该测试仪器优点是速度快、精度高、重复性好,缺点是进样过程未实现定量化,对部分沉积样品的分析结果出现一定的随机性和不确定性,分析结果易产生人为误差。为探究样品量和进样方法对测试结果可能造成的影响,本研究选取6类代表性第四纪松散沉积物,预处理后分别采用倾倒法、吸管法及定量进样法进行多次重复实验。结果显示:粒度组分越单一,不同进样方法造成的结果误差越小;如果沉积物含有多个粒度组分,而预处理样品量过多,倾倒法容易造成粒度结果偏细,吸管法往往造成实验结果偏粗,定量进样法实验结果居于前两者之间。采用烧失量法计算沉积物中碳酸盐、有机质含量,结合马尔文激光粒度仪测试原理及多次定量重复实验结果,计算了一次实验所需样品量,发现其与中值粒径和碳酸盐、有机质(合称杂质)含量呈线性正相关。根据该线性关系式,在分析第四纪沉积物中值粒径范围及杂质含量的前提下,可计算一次测试所需样品量,将全部预处理后样品倒入测试烧杯中,可有效避免样品量和进样方法对样品粒度实验结果造成的误差。 相似文献
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13.
The Stø Formation is the most important reservoir interval in the Norwegian Barents Sea, however the reservoir quality can be highly affected by the detrimental effects of quartz cement where there have been extensive post depositional burial. Core plug data from well 7219/8-2 in the Southwestern Barents Sea shows abnormally high porosity and permeability values in certain units of the deeply buried and otherwise highly quartz cemented Stø Formation. The amount of quartz cement in the samples is inversely proportional to the porosity. Samples with high and low porosities are similar texturally and mineralogically, but the high porosity samples have a layer of illitic clay coating the majority of the detrital quartz grains. Illitic clay coating present at grain contacts can result in a lowered IGV given they aid in the dissolution of quartz at interfaces, also creating a source of dissolved silica. Clay induced dissolution means that silica saturation is not a limiting factor in quartz cementation in these samples. The results show that the illitic clay coating is capable of limiting the amount of authigenic quartz overgrowth from 20 to 23% in samples with negligible grain coating to 5–11% in the intervals with high coating coverage. The illitic clay coating inhibits quartz overgrowth by limiting the surface area available for nucleation on detrital grains. The Stø Formation comprises mainly shallow marine deposits of highly reworked clean sandstone. Abnormally high porosities appear to be linked to settings where sediments of a more proximal location are preserved without extensive reworking. The grain coating clay is illitic and most likely originates from clay infiltration processes prior to final deposition. The difference in extent of clay coating in similar facies can mostly be correlated with varying amount of post depositional reworking. This study suggests that there is a potential for considerable porosity and permeability to be preserved in deeply buried sandstones in the Barents Sea. This study could be important in the future exploration activity of deeply buried structures in the area. 相似文献
14.
Shale reservoirs of the Middle and Upper Devonian Horn River Group provide an opportunity to study the influence of rock composition on permeability and pore throat size distribution in high maturity formations. Sedimentological, geochemical and petrophysical analyses reveal relationships between rock composition, pore throat size and matrix permeability.In our sample set, measured matrix permeability ranges between 1.69 and 42.81 nanodarcies and increases with increasing porosity. Total organic carbon (TOC) content positively correlates to permeability and exerts a stronger control on permeability than inorganic composition. A positive correlation between silica content and permeability, and abundant interparticle pores between quartz crystals, suggests that quartz may be another factor enhancing the permeability. Pore throat size distributions are strongly related to TOC content. In organic rich samples, the dominant pore throat size is less than 10 nm, whereas in organic lean samples, pore throat size distribution is dominantly greater than 20 nm. SEM images suggest that in organic rich samples, organic matter pores are the dominant pore type, whereas in quartz rich samples, the dominant type is interparticle pores between quartz grains. In clay rich and carbonate rich samples, the dominant pore type is intraparticle pores, which are fewer and smaller in size.High permeability shales are associated with specific depositional facies. Massive and pyritic mudstones, rich in TOC and quartz, have comparatively high permeability. Laminated mudstone, bioturbated mudstone and carbonate facies, which are relatively enriched in clay or carbonate, have fairly low permeability. 相似文献
15.
台湾海峡西岸第四纪沉积层中的老红砂 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对采自福建沿海的老红砂作了粒度分析、矿物鉴定和石英电镜扫描。结果表明,组成老红砂的成分主要为中细砂,砂含量大于70%,粘土和粉砂含量较少。概率累积曲线多为跳跃、悬浮两段式,其次为滚动、跳跃、悬浮三段式。轻矿物以石英为主,长石含量居次。含量较高的重矿物有磁铁矿、钛铁矿、白钛石,其次有锆石、赤铁矿、褐铁矿、电气石、绿帘石等。文章对老红砂的成因提出一些粗浅的看法。 相似文献
16.
陇西盆地晚更新世风成堆积物粒度参数的对比 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
计算了末次冰期旋回陇西盆地的黄土古土壤和风成砂的粒度参数，并对图解法与矩值法粒度参数进行了对比。结果表明，对黄土古土壤来说两种方法所获得的平均粒径基本相同，分选系数、偏度和偏态的相关性逐渐降低，对风成砂和砂黄土来说，除了平均粒径呈较好的线性相关外，其他参数则差别很大。造成这种差异的主要原因是由于它们粒度组分的分布不同所致。图解法主要反映了样品总体中主要粒度组分的粒度特征，而矩值法则反映了样品的总体特征。在沉积环境的分析和比较中，应充分考虑这两种方法的差异，并建立不同的标准。激光粒度仪和吸管法对平行样品测试的图解计算结果表明，粒度参数的变化趋势比较接近。 相似文献
17.
长江口外缺氧区沉积物中氧化还原敏感性元素的"粒控效应" 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对长江口外缺氧区及其邻近海域表层沉积物和沉积物岩芯样品的粒度和元素（主要包括氧化还原敏感性元素简称RSE,和典型陆源碎屑元素）进行了分析,并对元素的“粒控效应”进行了深入研究.结果表明,在近岸底层水溶解氧浓度正常海区沉积物中,元素（包括典型陆源碎屑元素和RSE）的分布显示出明显的“粒控效应”,在缺氧区沉积物中,RSE与粒度之间的相关性较差,其分布不受“粒控效应”的制约,而主要受氧化还原环境的影响.另外缺氧区缺氧程度的不同会导致不同的RSE的富集. 相似文献
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A combination of Broad-Ion-Beam (BIB) polishing and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to study qualitatively and quantitatively the microstructure of Opalinus Clay in 2D. High quality 2D cross-sections (ca. 1 mm2), belonging to the Shaly and Sandy facies of Opalinus Clay, were investigated down to the nanometre scale. In addition Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and X-Ray powder Diffraction experiments have been used to extend characterization of the microstructure to the mm–cm scale on bulk volume sample material. Interestingly, both end-member samples of the Opalinus Clay show qualitatively similar mineralogy and pore characteristics as well as a comparable pore size distribution and pore morphology within the different mineral phases and mineral aggregates. Differences between the facies are mainly due to variations in mineral size and mineral amount present in the alternating layers of the different facies. Six different porous mineral phases have been identified and the pores have been subdivided into ten different pore types. Pores visible in the SEM images are most abundant in the clay matrix and these seem to follow a power law distribution with a power law exponent of ca. 2.25 independent of the sample location. Furthermore, all common mineral grains show characteristic porosity, pore shape and pore size distribution in 2D and are proposed to be considered as elementary building blocks for Opalinus Clay. Combined these homogeneous elementary building blocks make up the heterogeneous fabric of the different facies of Opalinus Clay. Based on extrapolation of the power law size distribution in the clay matrix below SEM resolution results in a porosity of 10–25% for clay rich layers (60–90% of clay matrix), whereas sand and carbonate layers show an extrapolated porosity of 6–14%. These extrapolated porosities are in agreement with water-loss and physical porosity measurements performed on bulk material of comparable samples. 相似文献
19.
通过对建林边滩沉积物粒度分布、粒度参数及水体流变性质的分析，阐述了黄河三角洲上河道水流属于牵引流范畴，与低含沙水流无本质上的差别，并探讨沉积物搬运和沉积的基本特征。 相似文献
20.
Surface sediment samples in the near shore area of the north Shandong Peninsula are collected for grain size and element analyses. The results indicate that the surface sediments in the study area are primarily composed of the silt-sized components similar to the Huanghe River. The total concentration of aluminum varies from 5.57% to7.37%(average(6.33 ± 0.40)%), and its spatial distribution is mainly controlled by the grain size. Correlations between the ratio of aluminum to titanium concentration and aluminum concentration, titanium concentration and the mean grain size indicate that aluminum in the near shore surface sediments is affected majorly by the terrigenous source, and partially by the anthropogenic source. The ratios of aluminum to titanium concentrations are larger than the background value of loess matter at some stations due to the existence of excess aluminum associated with human activities. Thus, the sources of aluminum should be identified firstly when aluminum is used as an index of terrigenous matter even in the near shore area dominated by terrigenous deposits. 相似文献