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1.
根据南黄海断面1977—2016年历年8月标准层温度、盐度与气候要素观测资料,采用时空分析等方法,分析了南黄海断面夏季温度、盐度年际时空变化与气候响应。断面温度主要有4种时空模态,夏季风生环流、冷水团强度、面积与断面冬季温度模态是主要温度模态年际变化的主要影响因素;夏季风生流场形态、春季PDO指数与断面冬季温度模态是次要温度模态年际变化的主要影响因素;温度模态时间分量均为准平衡态长期变化。断面盐度主要有4种时空模态,夏季苏北沿海低盐度水体、南黄海中部高盐度水体与夏季黄海风生流输送作用是盐度主要模态年际变化的主要影响因素;夏季南黄海降水量减少与风生流输送减弱是盐度次要模态年际变化的主要影响因素。盐度主要模态时间分量为准平衡态长期变化,次要模态时间分量存在显著线性低盐趋势变化。断面夏季温盐多年平均分布主要受到夏季多年平均风生环流影响。断面核心冷水团月平均温度为准平衡态长期变化;面积存在显著线性减小趋势,黄海风生流场季节与年际变化是南黄海核心冷水团年际变化主要影响因素,春季PDO指数对冷水团面积年际变化有显著非线性影响。断面冷水团、核心冷水团月平均盐度为显著线性低盐趋势周期年际变化。由于黄海温盐长期线性趋势变化,与30多年前状况相比,目前黄海温盐场季节循环时空变化形态可能已经发生显著改变。 相似文献
2.
Interannual salinity variations in the Tsushima Strait and its relation to the Changjiang discharge 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tomoharu Senjyu Hirofumi Enomoto Takeshi Matsuno Sigeaki Matsui 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(5):681-692
Interannual salinity variations in the Tsushima Strait are investigated on the basis of historical hydrographic data. The
EOF analysis revealed that the most dominant mode is the in-phase salinity variation between the eastern and western channels.
The time coefficients of the EOF first mode in summer show a negative correlation with the Changjiang discharge, which indicates
that salinity in the Tsushima Strait tends to decrease over summer, related to a large discharge of the Changjiang. The eigenvectors
of the first mode are larger in the eastern channel than those in the western channel, though the low salinity water mainly
flows through the western channel. This is because the low salinity water spreads into the eastern channel as well as the
western channel over summers with a large discharge of the Changjiang. The out-of-phase salinity variation between the channels
is extracted as the EOF second mode; this is the predominant variation in the western channel. The time coefficients of the
second mode in summer show no significant correlations to the volume transports through the western channel and the transport
differences between channels. A relationship between the EOF second mode and variations in the wind stress over the East China
Sea is suggested. 相似文献
3.
东、黄海海表面温度季节内变化特征的EOF分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于1998—2004年的TRMM/TMI卫星遥感海面温度(SST)数据,在初步分析东、黄海SST的季节分布特征的基础上,采用EOF方法分析了SST的季节内变化特征,进而对SST季节内变化的可能机制进行了探讨。EOF分析获得的前4个模态的累积方差贡献率为57.07%,其结果基本反映了东、黄海SST变化的主要物理过程。其中,EOF的第一模态的方差贡献率占30.17%,其空间模态揭示了以东海北部为中心的、整个海域SST变化趋于一致的特征,这一模态的显著变化周期为6.3周;第二模态的方差贡献率占14.36%,其空间模态呈现东南海域与西北海域SST的反相变化趋势,显著变化周期为8.7周和10.6周;第三模态的方差贡献率占7.02%,其空间SST变率最大的区域位于黄海海域,显著变化周期为6.8,8.7,10.2周等;第四模态的方差贡献率占5.52%,其空间SST变率最大的区域位于东、黄海近海,显著变化周期为6.8周。东、黄海SST季节内变化与此海区大气中的季节内振荡是紧密相关的。 相似文献
4.
The connectivity between the interannual salinity variations in the Tsushima and Cheju Straits has been investigated on the
basis of historical hydrographic data. Salinity in the Cheju Strait correlates positively with that in the western channel
of the Tsushima Strait, but does not show a significant correlation with that in the eastern channel. Empirical orthogonal
function (EOF) and singular value decomposition (SVD) analyses of temperature and salinity in the Cheju Strait revealed that
salinity in the strait is associated with the cold bottom water in summer. Drastic freshening in the Cheju Strait occurs in
a period when the Cheju Current intensifies. The results allow us to hypothesize that the mechanism of interannual salinity
variations in the Cheju Strait and western channel of the Tsushima Strait is as follows. The intrusion of cold bottom water
into the Cheju Strait in summer intensifies the Cheju Current by increasing the baroclinicity. Since colder bottom water develops
a stronger eastward surface current, the larger volume of the Changjiang diluted water is drawn into the strait, which results
in a lower salinity condition in the Cheju Strait. As the water in the Cheju Strait flows into the western channel of the
Tsushima Strait, salinity in the western channel varies synchronously. This hypothesis is supported by SVD analysis of temperature
in the Cheju Strait and salinity in the Tsushima Strait. The salinity condition in the East China Sea is suggested to be another
important influence on salinity in the western channel of the Tsushima Strait. 相似文献
5.
南海混合层深度的季节变化及年际变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过分析新的SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)资料,得到南海混合层时空场的分布特征,剖析了南海混合层深度的季节及年际变化特征。资料分析表明:南海混合层存在着显著的季节和年际变化,且两者的均方差分布存在一定的差异。在季节变化中,冬季混合层在南海北部及西北陆架区深,在南海南部及吕宋冷涡处浅;夏季混合层在南海西北部浅,东南深。南海这种混合层深度分布特征除了与热通量的季节变化有关外,在相当大的程度上与季风引起的Ekman输送及Ekman抽吸有关。混合层深度距平场EOF(Empirical Othorgnal Function)第一模和第二模时间变化的主信号均为周期的年际变化信号,其中第一模态约为3 a,第二模态则有1.8,2.4和4.3 a的3个显著周期。EOF第一模显示混合层深度在南海东南部年际变化幅度最大,且滞后Nino3指数7个月时相关性最好(相关系数为0.422 3);EOF第二模显示在南海南部和北部混合层深度呈反位相变化。 相似文献
6.
A three-dimensional numerical model is used to simulate sea level and velocity variations in the South China Sea for 1992–1995. The model is driven by daily wind and daily sea surface temperature fields derived from the NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. The four-year model outputs are analyzed using time-domain Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF). Spatial and temporal variations of the first two modes from the simulation compare favorably with those derived from satellite altimetry. Mode 1, which is associated with a southern gyre, shows symmetric seasonal reversal. Mode 2, which contributes to a northern gyre, is responsible for the asymmetric seasonal and interannual variations. In winter, the southern and northern cyclonic gyres combine into a strong basin-wide cyclonic gyre. In summer, a cyclonic northern gyre and an anticyclonic southern gyre form a dipole with a jet leaving the coast of Vietnam. Interannual variations are particularly noticeable during El Niño. The winter gyre is generally weakened and confined to the southern basin, and the summer dipole structure does not form. Vertical motions weaken accordingly with the basin-wide circulation. Variations of the wind stress curl in the first two EOF modes coincide with those of the model-derived sea level and horizontal velocities. The mode 1 wind stress curl, significant in the southern basin, coincides with the reversal of the southern gyre. The mode 2 curl, large in the central basin, is responsible for the asymmetry in the winter and summer gyres. Lack of the mode 2 contribution during El Niño events weakens the circulation. The agreement indicates that changes in the wind stress curl contribute to the seasonal and interannual variations in the South China Sea. 相似文献
7.
海表冷暖水舌被广泛应用于定性描述海表水温(SST)的空间分布特征,但缺少定量的表述和研究。本文以海表冷暖水舌轴线的空间位置和温度为指标,用2006—2014年逐年冬季(2月)的遥感SST数据,分析了渤海、黄海和东海冬季的冷暖水舌的空间分布和年际变化,并探讨了其形成机理。结果表明,渤海、黄海和东海冬季存在2条冷水舌和6条暖水舌。水舌位置的EOF前三个模态(73.4%)基本解释了其年际变化,其中空间第一模态呈同相分布,在东海中部及西部的变动幅度最大;空间第二和第三模态主要呈反相分布,分别在九州岛南部及黄海区域变动幅度较大。水舌温度的EOF第一模态(69.6%)呈空间同相分布,变动幅度在渤、黄海较大,在东海南部较小。水舌位置和水舌温度都存在准2~3 a周期的年际变化,但只有水舌位置EOF第二模态通过95%水平的显著性检验。海表相对较均匀的负净热通量(海洋向大气输送热量),使得浅水区SST比深水区下降得快,水深(上混合层深度)是冷暖水舌形成的原因之一;平流热输送的空间差异显著且在冷暖水舌区域中的作用最大,在冷舌区域起到降温作用,在暖舌区域起到增温作用,平流热输送是冷暖水舌形成的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
基于CORA资料的中国海海表面温度季节和年际变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于1986-2008年的中国近海及邻近海域再分析产品(CORA),采用经验正交函数分解方法(EOF)分析了海表面温度(SST)的季节及年际变化特征,并用相应的SODA、AVHRR以及Levitus资料对CORA做了对比评估。相比于AVHRR而言,CORA资料SST的偏差和均方根误差均小于SODA,相比Levitus资料而言CORA资料温度盐度的均方根误差随深度的变化皆小于SODA。 CORA与SODA资料相比,两者前3个模态的时空分布大体一致,区别在于CORA资料能更好地反映参量的一些细微特征。结果表明,CORA资料能很好的刻画中国近海SST的季节、年际变化特征,尤其是黑潮流经区域SST的局地变化特征。季节EOF第二模态显示的是SST对由风引起的潜热释放的响应特征。第三模态刻画了冬夏转换季的分布特征,主要揭示了东北-西南走向的锋面特征。SST年际变化与ENSO密切相关,区域平均的南海SSTA与Nino指数的吻合程度CORA优于SODA。 相似文献
9.
Interannual (an annual to a decadal) and decadal sea-level variations along the Japanese coast have been investigated on the basis of monthly mean sea level during the period from 1951 to 1995. For the interannual variation, the Japanese coast is divided into six regions according to a regional similarity of sea level by using the cluster analysis, which is close to Tsumura's (1963) classification. The first mode of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of the Interannual variation is the simultaneous rising and falling of the sea level along the Japanese coast. The first mode shows the largest variation in winter and has a negative correlation with the wintertime monsoon index; this suggests that the first mode is associated with a steric height change depending on the wintertime cooling intensity. The EOF second mode represents the Kuroshio large meander because strong negative eigenvectors are seen on the southeast coast of Japan and the time coefficient shows a high correlation with the Kushimoto-Uragami sea-level difference. For the decadal sea-level variation, the EOF first mode is a bi-decadal variation exhibiting simultaneous rising and falling of the sea level for the entire Japanese coast. The time coefficient of the first mode shows the first minimum in 1965, reaches a maximum in 1975, and decreases to the second minimum in 1984. The decrease from the mid-1970s and the increase from the mid-1980s to early 1990s correspond to the climatic regime shifts occurring in the same periods. 相似文献
10.
基于AVISO卫星高度计数据,采用小波分析和EOF分析方法,对1993—2015年东中国海海平面高度的时空变化进行分析,结合海水温度比容效应和ENSO过程探讨了海平面高度变化成因。东中国海海平面高度具有明显的季节变化,冬春季较低,夏秋季较高,且SSH极值滞后海水温度极值月份一个月出现。东中国海海平面高度整体为北低南高,由于海区水深和水文动力过程的影响,不同季节SSH空间分布区域性强。在23年间,海平面高度平均线性上升速率为2.82mm/a,具有1a、2.2a的特征变化周期。EOF分析三个主要模态依次反映了海水温度比容效应的季节变化、水动力过程的季节变化和ENSO事件的年际变化对东中国海海平面高度的影响。 相似文献
11.
12.
利用长时间序列的卫星观测数据,对南海海域的风、浪场时空分布及其相互关系进行了分析。结果显示,海面风距平场VEOF分解后得到的第一模态具有明显的季节变化,即季风特征,说明季风是影响整个南海风速的主要因素;第二模态具有较强的区域变化特征,是季风转换时期的距平场特征;第三模态反映的是海面风距平场受陆地地形影响所表现的分布特征。有效波高距平场EOF分解后得到的第一模态、第二模态与风距平场的前2个模态的空间分布较为相似,并且,风、浪距平场第一模态间的相关系数达0.76,均说明南海作为边缘海其波浪场与风场变化有很好的相关性。有效波高第三模态的分布与风场的第三模态相关性较弱,反映的是受海底地形影响所表现的分布特征。 相似文献
13.
源区黑潮热输送低频变异及其与中国近海SST异常变化的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
基于长时间序列的水温和盐度资料，通过动力计算方法估算了源区黑潮（18°N断面）热输送量，分析了源区黑潮热输送变异和中国近海SST异常的年际、年代际时空变化特征及两者之间的相互关系．结果显示，源区黑潮热输送异常呈现出显著的以2—7、10～20a和约30a为主周期的年际、年代际变化，且具有线性增强的长期变化趋势．并约于1976年前后发生了一次显著气候跃变．中国近海SST年际、年代际异常变化的最显著区域位于渤海、黄海、东海海域和台湾海峡．源区黑潮热输送变异在年际、年代际尺度上与中国近海SST异常变化密切相关，源区黑潮热输送变异可能是影响中国近海SST异常变化的重要因素之一． 相似文献
14.
Béchir Béjaoui Ali Harzallah Mahmoud Moussa Annie Chapelle Cosimo Solidoro 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
This study deals with the use of a multivariate analysis method in order to understand the functioning of the Bizerte lagoon ecosystem. A set of hydrobiological parameters was collected during 10 monthly campaigns in 2004. A variant of the EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) technique is used to examine hydrobiological variability modes in this lagoon. The permanent features characterising the lagoon are obtained by applying the EOF technique to data after removing the annual cycle. Two major modes were obtained. The first one shows a contrast between the northern sector of the lagoon, influenced by the Mediterranean Sea, and the southern one influenced by continental waters. This mode is mostly prominent for temperature and salinity. The second mode shows a contrast between shallow waters along the coastal zones and the deep central area of the lagoon. This contrast is more pronounced towards the southwestern edge of the lagoon, a region of important freshwater input from the Tinja channel, which drifts towards the downstream area of Menzel Bourguiba. This second mode may also correspond to northward water circulation under southerly wind blowing frequently in summer. The spatial and temporal variability in the lagoon is highlighted by applying the EOF to the raw data without removing the annual cycle. A weight series is obtained for each variable by extracting the corresponding data and then projecting them on the corresponding eigenvector. Using this technique, only one mode was found dominant with more than 52% of the total variance. It was also found that the north–south contrast of temperature, salinity and phosphorous and the coast-centre contrast of Chlorophyll a are enhanced in summer. Other variables such as ammonia and nitrate also show significant annual cycles but with local patterns. 相似文献
15.
东亚冬季气温的年际变化特征及其与海温和海冰异常的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过谐波分析的方法,对东亚31个冬季(1980—2010年)的气温提取年际变化分量(周期小于8a部分)进行EOF分析。结果发现:在年际变化的时间尺度上,东亚冬季气温表现为高纬模态和低纬模态2个主要模态,它们一起可以解释总方差73%的变化。进一步分析表明,在年际变化尺度上,与气温变化的高纬模态相联系的大气环流表现为显著的北极涛动(AO)负位相分布,海平面气压场上西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压北移,对流层中层东亚大槽西移,高层西风急流向西北方向移动;副热带北太平洋和阿拉斯加湾的海表面温度(SST)变化呈偶极子振荡分布,这种准两年的周期振荡对这一模态的出现有一定的预示意义。而与气温变化的低纬模态相联系的大气环流表现为类AO正位相分布,与之相关的西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压南移,对流层中层东亚大槽东移,高层的西风急流则是向东南方向移动;赤道东太平洋的SST异常可能对这一模态的形成有一定的作用,而东亚近海的SST则更多是被动地改变。此外,海冰异常变化与东亚冬季气温变化的联系主要体现在:在前夏和前秋,东西伯利亚海-波弗特海海冰异常减少(增加)对应着随后东亚冬季气温变化的高纬模态(低纬模态),而冬季东亚气温变化的高纬模态(低纬模态)又与后期春季北极东半球的海冰异常增加(减少)具有较好的相关性,此外白令海和鄂霍次克海的海冰异常变化是伴随东亚冬季气温变化产生的。 相似文献
16.
Thermal and haline fronts in the Yellow/East China Seas: Surface and subsurface seasonality comparison 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seasonal variability of surface and subsurface thermal/haline fronts in the Yellow/East China Seas (YES) has been investigated
using three-dimensional monthly-mean temperature and salinity data from U.S. Navy’s Generalized Digital Environmental Model
(Version 3.0). The density-compensated Cheju-Yangtze Thermal/Haline Front has (northern and southern) double-tongues. The
northern tongue is most evident throughout the depth from December to April. The southern tongue is persistent at the subsurface
with conspicuous haline fronts. The thermal (haline) frontal intensity of the northern tongue is controlled mainly by the
temperature (salinity) variation on the shoreward (seaward) side of the front. The cold water over the Yangtze Bank is influential
in generating the southern tongue and intensifying the Tsushima Thermal Front. The year-round Cheju-Tsushima Thermal Front
is evident throughout the depth and intensifies from July to December. The northern arc of the Yangtze Ring Haline Front is
manifest in spring and is sustained until summer, whereas the southern one is fully developed in summer because of eastward
migration of the Yangtze Diluted Water. The area showing strong frontal intensity in the Chinese Coastal Haline Front shifts
seasonally north and south along the Zhejiang-Fujian coast. The Generation and evolution of YES fronts are closely associated
with YES circulation (inferred from the linkage of the water masses). Moreover, the subsurface temperature/salinity evolution
on the fronts in the Yellow Sea differs from that in the East China Sea owing to local factors such as wintertime vertical
mixing and a summertime strong thermocline above the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water. 相似文献
17.
This study uses a comparative approach to examine responses of marine ecosystems to climatic regime shifts. The three seas surrounding the Korean peninsula, the Japan/East Sea, the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea represent three contiguous but distinct ecosystems. Sampling has been carried out by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute of South Korea since 1965, using the same methods in all three seas. Sampling was generally synoptic. Amplitude time series of 1st EOF modes for temperature, salinity, zooplankton biomass and concentrations of four major zooplankton taxa were used to determine whether the three marine ecosystems respond in a similar manner to climate variations. Temporal patterns of the variables were strongly similar among the three seas at decadal time scales, but very weakly similar at interannual scales. All three seas responded to a climatic regime shift that occurred in 1989. Temperature, zooplankton biomass and copepod concentrations increased in the late 1980s or early 1990s in all three seas. Concentrations of amphipods, chaetognaths and euphausiids also increased in the Japan/East Sea and the East China Sea, but not the Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea ecosystem differs strongly from the other two seas, and water exchange between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is much weaker than that between the East China Sea and Japan/East Sea. Spatial patterns of zooplankton determined by the EOF analysis were closely related to currents and fronts in each of the three seas. 相似文献
18.
Multitime scale variations of sea surface temperature in the China seas based on the HadISST dataset 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
The variability of the sea surface temperature(SST) in the China seas has been studied in seasonal,interannual and interdecadal scales based on the monthly data of HadISST spanning from 1870 to 2007. The main results obtained are SST in the China offshore changes most actively at the seasonal scale with the intensity diminishing from north to south,as the temperature differences between summer and winter reaching 17 and 4 C in the northern and southern areas,respectively. Moreover,seasonal variation near the coastal regions seems relatively stronger than that far from the coastline;significant interannual variations are detected,with the largest positive anomaly occurring in 1998 in the overall area. But as far as different domains are concerned,there exists great diversity,and the difference is also found between winter and summer. Differed from the seasonal variations,where the strongest interannual variability takes place,resides to the south of that of the seasonal ones in the northern section,nevertheless in the South China Sea,the most significant interannual variability is found in the deep basin;interdecadal changes of summer,winter and annual mean SST in different domains likewise present various features. In addition,a common dominant warming in recent 20 a are found in the overall China offshore with the strongest center located in the vicinity of the Changjiang Estuary in the East China Sea,which intensifies as high as 1.3 C during the past 130 a. 相似文献
19.
Effects of Interannual Variability in the Eastern Indian Ocean on the Indonesian Throughflow 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yukio Masumoto 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(1):175-182
The influences of the large-scale interannual variations in the eastern Indian Ocean on the variability of the Indonesian throughflow are investigated by using an ocean general circulation model, driven by the ERS satellite winds from July 1992 to June 1997. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the simulated surface dynamic height variability captures two dominant modes on an interannual time scale, which are quite consistent with the available observations. The first mode indicates large amplitude in the western tropical Pacific and has a strong relation to the El Niño events, while the second EOF exhibits the large amplitude in the eastern Indian Ocean. The simulated net Indonesian throughflow shows an interannual variation of amplitude of about 15 Sv, with large transport from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean during 1994/95 and small transport during 1992 and 1997. It turns out that the net throughflow variation shows a high correlation with the second EOF mode (r = 0.51) for the whole five-year simulation. On the other hand, the correlation with the first mode is rather low (r = ?0.07). However, the relative importance of the EOF modes to the throughflow variability changes with time. The upper-layer transport above a depth of 230 m in the Indonesian archipelago is also affected by the second mode. The difference in the upper-layer transport across 1°S and 110°E generates warm water convergence/divergence with a magnitude of 4 Sv within the Indonesian Seas on the interannual time scale, which shows good correspondence with sea surface temperature variation averaged over the Indonesian archipelago. 相似文献
20.
东亚冬夏季风对热带印度洋秋季海温异常的响应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用多年的Reynolds月平均海表温度资料和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,分析了热带印度洋秋季海表温度距平(SSTA)与后期东亚冬夏季风强度变化的关系。结果表明,热带印度洋秋季SSTA的主要模态是全区一致(USB)型和偶极子(IOD)型,USB型模态主要代表热带印度洋秋季SSTA的长期变化趋势,而IOD型模态主要反映热带印度洋秋季SSTA的年际变化。热带印度洋秋季海温气候变率中既存在着明显的ENSO信号,也有独立于ENSO的变率特征,独立于ENSO的热带印度洋秋季SSTA变化的主要模态仍是USB型和IOD型。前期秋季USB模态与东亚冬季风及东亚副热带夏季风之间为负相关关系;与前期正(负)IOD模态相对应,南海夏季风强度偏弱(强),而东亚副热带夏季风强度偏强(弱)。USB型和IOD型模态对后期东亚冬、夏季风强度变化的影响是独立于ENSO的,但ENSO起到了调节二者相关显著程度的作用。 相似文献