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1.
A simulation of radiation imagery for ocean color satellite 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The ocean color satellite is mainly applied to measure the water constituents such as chlorophyll, suspended material and yellow substance. The leaving water radiance is very small part of the total radiance arrival at the sensor about 3%-15%,and depends on the properties of the orbit and sensor. Before the satellite is launched on the orbit, it needs to simulate the radiation imagery in order to evaluate the quality and availability of the satellite data.
If the parameters of satellite orbit, the properties of sensor as well as the characteristics of the atmosphere and water have been known, the radiation scattered by air molecule and aerosol, reflected solar radiation, water leaving and total radiation arriving at the sensor can be simulated by the models of radiation transfer in the atmosphere, air/water and subsurface water. In this paper, the mechanism, models and procedures of the radiation simulation are first discussed and employed to simulate a series of imageries for the Chinese satellites FY-lA, FY-1B, and ROCSAT-1 (Taiwan, China), and American satellite Ses STAR. Their results show that the solar irradiance arrived at water surface and the sun glitter mainly affect the quality and availability of satellite data, which depend on the orbit properties. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to improve the quality and availability of a:ean color satellite data. 相似文献
If the parameters of satellite orbit, the properties of sensor as well as the characteristics of the atmosphere and water have been known, the radiation scattered by air molecule and aerosol, reflected solar radiation, water leaving and total radiation arriving at the sensor can be simulated by the models of radiation transfer in the atmosphere, air/water and subsurface water. In this paper, the mechanism, models and procedures of the radiation simulation are first discussed and employed to simulate a series of imageries for the Chinese satellites FY-lA, FY-1B, and ROCSAT-1 (Taiwan, China), and American satellite Ses STAR. Their results show that the solar irradiance arrived at water surface and the sun glitter mainly affect the quality and availability of satellite data, which depend on the orbit properties. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to improve the quality and availability of a:ean color satellite data. 相似文献
2.
Based on a quantitative analysis of foraminifera in 39 surface samples of the Bering andChukchi Seas, the nearly absence of planktonic foraminifera in the surface sediments can be related to the low surface primary productivity and strong carbonate dissolution in the study area. It has been revealed that the surface primary productivity, and carbonate dissolution and properties of water masses related to the water depth mainly control the distribution of benthic foraminifera. The shelf of the Chukchi Sea is dominated by the Elphidium spp. assemblage and Nonionella robusta assemblage with low foraminiferal abundance and diversity, which is controlled by the coastal water mass of the Arctic Ocean. The slope of the Bering Sea is dominated by the Uvigerina peregrina - Globobulimina affinis assemblage with abundant N. robusta, and relatively high foraminiferal abundance and diversity, which is controlled by the intermediate and deep water masses of the Pacific Ocean. However, the Bering Sea has relatively sha 相似文献
3.
The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased;these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970 s. In this paper, we calculate the net primary productivity(NPP, calculated by carbon) from 2003 to 2016 based on sea ice concentration products,chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), sea surface temperature(SST), and sunshine duration data. We then analyse the spatiotemporal changes in the Chl a concentration and NPP and further investigate the relations among NPP, the open water area, and the length of the open water season. The results indicate that(1) the Chl a concentration increased by 0.025 mg/m~3 per year;(2) the NPP increased by 4.29 mg/(m~2·d) per year, reaching a maximum of 525.74 mg/(m~2·d) in 2016; and(3) the Arctic open water area increased by 57.23×10~3 km~2/a, with a growth rate of 1.53 d/a for the length of the open water season. The annual NPP was significantly positively related to the open water area, the length of the open water season and the SST.The daily NPP was also found to have a lag correlation with the open water area, with a lag time of two months.With global warming, NPP has maintained an increasing trend, with the most significant increase occurring in the Kara Sea. In summary, this study provides a macroscopic understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton in the Arctic, which is valuable information for the evaluation and management of marine ecological environments. 相似文献
4.
There have been a lot of papers on the diel vertical migration of marine copepoda published at home and abroad. But so far, no report on the diel vertical migration of the larvae of Clanus sinicus has been seen. The present paper discusses this problem and the result obtained will provide useful reference for further researches on this subject. Moreover, exploring the law of diel vertical migration of the secondary productivity in the ocean will help the development of marieulture and fishing in a scientific way. 相似文献
5.
IntroductionTo acquire marine information by applying the satellite has become a subject of concern to the international remote-sensing community and marine community. Ocean water colour remote-sensing is to detect the content of matter in the water by using the satellite-borne optical sensors, and, among others, the water-leaving radiance is the basic physical quantity in ocean water colour remote sensing and the optical manifestation of the water pigment components. In-situ accurate acquisi… 相似文献
6.
Effect of Cyclic Loading Frequency on Undrained Behaviors of Undisturbed Marine Clay 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on a series of cyclic triaxial tests, the effect of cyclic frequency on the undrained behaviors of undisturbed marine clay is investigated. For a given dynamic stress ratio, the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain increase with the number of cycles. There exists a threshold value for beth the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain, below which the effect of cyclic frequency is very small, but above which the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain increase intensely with the decrease of cyclic frequency for a given number of cycles. The dynamic strength increases with the increase of cyclic frequency, whereas the effect of cyclic frequency on it gradually diminishes to zero when the number of cycles is large enough, and the dynamic strengths at different frequencies tend to the same limiting minimum dynamic strength. The test results demonstrate that the reasons for the frequency effect on the undrained soil behaviors are beth the creep effect induced by the loading rate and the decrease of sample effective confining pressure caused by the accumulated pore water pressure. 相似文献
7.
The measurement of atmospheric water vapor(WV) content and variability is important for meteorological and climatological research. A technique for the remote sensing of atmospheric WV content using ground-based Global Positioning System(GPS) has become available, which can routinely achieve accuracies for integrated WV content of 1–2 kg/m2. Some experimental work has shown that the accuracy of WV measurements from a moving platform is comparable to that of(static) land-based receivers. Extending this technique into the marine environment on a moving platform would be greatly beneficial for many aspects of meteorological research, such as the calibration of satellite data, investigation of the air-sea interface, as well as forecasting and climatological studies. In this study, kinematic precise point positioning has been developed to investigate WV in the Arctic Ocean(80°–87°N) and annual variations are obtained for 2008 and 2012 that are identical to those related to the enhanced greenhouse effect. 相似文献
8.
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Submarine Free Spanning Pipelines by Complex Damping Method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Considering the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition, the differential equation for the vortex-induced vibration (V1V) of the free spanning pipeline is derived and is discretized by the Hermit interpolation function. The free vibration equation with the damping term is solved by the complex damping method for the natural frequency, and then the effect of fluid damping on the natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline is analyzed.The results show that fluid damping has a significant influence on the damped natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline in the lock-in state, while it has little influence when the pipeline is out of the lock-in state. In the meantime,the change of the free span length has the same effect on the damped natural frequency and the undamped natural frequency. 相似文献
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10.
Response of Coastal Groundwater Table to Offshore Storms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Large groundwater table fluctuations were observed in a coastal aquifer during an offshore storm. The storm induced significant changes of the mean shoreline elevation, characterized by a pulse-like oscillation. This pulse propagated in the aquifer, resulting in the water table fluctuations. A general analytical solution is derived to quantify this new mechanism of water table fluctuation. The solution is applied to field observations and is found to be able to predict reasonably well the observed storm-induced water table fluctuations. Based on the analytical solution, the damping characteristics and phase shift of the oscillation as it propagates inland are examined. 相似文献
11.
大气沉降是陆源物质向海洋输入营养盐的重要方式,沙尘、野火和火山喷发均能够产生气溶胶,这些典型的自然源气溶胶在风场的作用下,能够进行远距离的输运,期间由于沉降作用进入海洋,为上层海洋提供限制性营养盐促进海洋浮游植物生长,提升海洋的初级生产力,促进碳循环过程。以海表叶绿素浓度作为海洋初级生产力的重要指标,通过海表叶绿素浓度的响应,探究沙尘、野火和火山这三种典型自然源气溶胶的传输路径及其沉降对海洋初级生产的影响。结果显示,海洋初级生产对气溶胶沉降的响应不仅与气溶胶排放类型有关,也与温度、动力过程、光合有效辐射等海域初级生产影响因素有关,体现了海洋初级生产对自然源气溶胶的敏感性,自然源气溶胶沉降所驱动的海洋初级生产在全球碳循环中具有重要的潜在影响。 相似文献
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众多海洋观测数据表明,在真光层深度范围内,海水固有光学特性和光学有效组分的剖面分层分布是广泛存在的,而很多遥感反演模型的建立基于均一分布假设,尤其是在经验模型的建立中,往往只利用某一深度或各深度平均的光学有效组分浓度与水体光谱的统计关系。文章通过模拟平静水面水下光的辐射传输,分别研究了叶绿素、无机悬浮物浓度垂直分布结构对水下辐照度比的影响,并对比了两类分层水体权重函数等效浓度计算式及相应水下辐照度比,结果表明,对于分层水体,透射深度和层化强度是影响等效浓度值计算误差的主要因素,透射越深,表层层化越强,水体层化对水下辐照度比的影响就越大,但其计算误差也越大。Gondon等效浓度计算结果比较接近实际值,而Zaneveld计算式则高估了分层水体的等效浓度值。 相似文献
14.
FY-1C/1D全球海上气溶胶业务反演算法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了基于FY-1C/1D气象卫星数据进行全球海洋气溶胶反演的业务算法,主要论述了海上气溶胶反演的单通道算法基本原理.该算法的核心内容是建立气溶胶光学厚度查算表,该查算表基于6S辐射传输模式,在假定气溶胶模式条件下,卫星的表观反射率是卫星观测几何(太阳卫星角)和气溶胶光学厚度函数,最终由卫星观测表观反射率反演出气溶胶光学厚度.业务反演过程中还考虑到数据质量检验、云检测处理和太阳耀斑区去除等.利用该算法对FY-1C卫星自2001年起的部分资料进行反演试验,并在FY-1D卫星发射后投入业务应用,自2002年8月开始能实时得到每天和每月的全球气溶胶光学厚度产品.从两颗卫星两年多连续反演结果分析可以非常清晰地发现全球气溶胶主要排放源地和全球海上气溶胶分布的季节变化,与国外卫星反演结果十分接近. 相似文献
15.
利用2000~2008年的卫星高度计资料和QuikSCAT风场资料,反演了全球的海表的地转流和Ekman流,将两者合成后生成了0．5°×0．5°的逐周全球表层流产品。在计算Ekman流的时候,引入了权重函数,改进了Lagerloef方法中Ekman流在25°S和25°N上的不连续问题。分析表明：卫星资料反演的流产品能够反映出海表流场的特征,将其分别于TAO观测和SGUD流产品进行定量化的比较显示,所得流产品具有较高的反演精度和可信度,说明改进的方法是有效的。 相似文献
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Mitsuhiro Toratani Hajime Fukushima Hiroshi Murakami Akihiko Tanaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(3):525-532
The present study proposes an atmospheric correction scheme for Advanced Earth Observation Satellite II (ADEOS-II)/Global
Imager (GLI) ocean color retrieval that corrects for the atmospheric absorptive aerosol effect. Radiative transfer simulations
were conducted assuming a non-absorptive model aerosol with a soot-type aerosol at various mixture ratios. The results indicate
that while the spectral dependency of aerosol reflectance does not change in the longer (>550 nm) wavelength region, the reflectance
at shorter wavelengths is highly variable and depends on the mixture ratio. The influence of aerosol absorption was also investigated
using GLI data from ocean areas adjacent to Japan in the presence of absorptive Siberian fire smoke aerosol in the spring
of 2003. The spectral curvature of the aerosol was estimated from the data obtained. An empirical, iterative scheme that detects
and evaluates the influence of absorptive aerosols was developed by comparing 380 nm GLI-observed aerosol reflectance with
predicted reflectances derived using an in-water optical model. To evaluate the performance of this scheme, satellite-derived
normalized water-leaving radiances were compared with those measured from a ferry servicing Nagasaki and Fukue. The results
of data acquired on March 20, 2003, indicate that this absorption correction scheme improved root mean square estimation error
for normalized water-leaving radiance by approximately 40% in the 380, 400, and 412 nm bands. This atmospheric correction
algorithm was used as a part of the second version of the GLI standard ocean color data process system at Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency (JAXA). 相似文献
18.
Determining ‘photosynthetically active radiation’ (PAR) is a key part of calculating phytoplankton productivity in a biogeochemical
model. We explore the daily and seasonal variability in the ratio of PAR irradiance to total irradiance that occurred at Ieodo
Ocean Research Station (IORS) in the East China Sea under clear-sky conditions in 2004 using a simple radiative transfer model
(RTM). Meteorological data observed at IORS and aerosol optical properties derived from Aerosol Robotic Network observations
at Gosan are used for the RTM. Preliminary results suggest that the use of simple PA R irradianceratio values is appropriate
in calculating phytoplankton productivity as follows: an average of 0.44 (±0.01) in January to an average of 0.48 (±0.01)
in July, with average daily variabilities over these periods of about 0.016 (±0.008) and 0.025 (±0.008), respectively. The
model experiments demonstrate that variations in the major controlling input parameters (i.e. solar zenith angle, precipitable
water vapor and aerosol optical thickness) cause PAR irradiance ratio variation at daily and seasonal timescales. Further,
increases (>0.012) in the PAR irradiance ratio just below the sea-surface are positively correlated with high solar zenith
angles and strong wind stresses relative to those just above the sea-surface. 相似文献
19.
卫星遥感为大尺度海洋观测提供了一种可行方法。卫星资料应用于海洋初级生产力研究中最重要的是建立由海洋水色遥感资料得出的色素浓度计算初级生产力的合适算法。由于植物生理学方面的问题，建立一个合适的初级生产力算法有一定的困难。了解和确立水体中浮游植物的生理速率参数与分布结构动态是必要的。本文在分析水下光场和藻类光合作用光谱响应基础上，阐述了海洋初级生产力遥感中的生物－地理动力学问题。 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this study is to validate and improve satellite-derived downward surface shortwave radiation (DSSR) over the northwestern Pacific Ocean using abundant in situ data. The DSSR derivation model used here assumes that the reduction of solar radiation by clouds is proportional to the product of satellite-measured albedo and a cloud attenuation coefficient. DSSR is calculated from Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5/Visible Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer data in 0.05° × 0.05° grids. The authors first compare the satellite DSSR derived with a cloud attenuation coefficient table determined in past research with in situ values. Although the hourly satellite DSSR agrees well with land in situ values in Japan, it has a bias of +13∼+34 W/m2 over the ocean and the bias is especially large in the low latitudes. The authors then improve the coefficient table using the ocean in situ data. Usage of the new table successfully reduces the bias of the satellite DSSR over the ocean. The cloud attenuation coefficient for low-albedo cases over the ocean needs to be larger in the low latitudes than past research has indicated. Daily and hourly DSSR can be evaluated from the satellite data with RMS errors of 11–14% and 30–33%, respectively, over a wide region of the ocean by this model. It is also shown that the cloud attenuation coefficient over land needs to be smaller than over the ocean because the effect of the radiation reflected by the land surface cannot be ignored. 相似文献