共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
详细探讨了溶解有机碳(DOC)样品的采集与分析过程中的条件,以期发展DOC从采样到分析较为标准化(Robust)的方法步骤.影响DOC分析结果的关键有:采样过程中的样品瓶、垫片、滤膜、滤芯的选择及预处理,重力过滤,洁净台操作以及样品分析过程中仪器空白的确定.2001年5月和2002年11月两个航次在南海北部陆架上同一站位得到的DOC数据结果显示,夏季表层DOC浓度比冬季高10μmol/L,随深度增加DOC快速下降,50 m以下DOC下降较为缓慢,冬、夏两季DOC分布特征基本相同.同一水样用不同方法(GF/F过滤采样方法与走航式滤芯过滤采样方法)所得到的DOC浓度的几次比对结果如下:盐度1.14,走航采样方法为(493±14)μmol/L(n=3),GF/F方法为(478±7)μmol/L(n=3);盐度20,走航采样方法为(112±2)μmol/L(n=3),GF/F方法为(123±2.6)μmol/L(n=3);盐度33.9,走航采样方法为(102±0.7)μmol/L(n=3),GF/F方法为(93±1.5)μmol/L(n=3).结果表明,不论是在高盐度还是低盐度区域,两种方法结果基本相符,走航式采样过滤、方法可以应用于河口DOC的研究. 相似文献
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This study, using laboratory experiments and scaling analysis, evaluates the influence of geothermal heating on global oceanic circulation. Upon a well-developed large-scale convective flow, an additional heat flux perturbation δF/F is employed. The increments of flow and thermal properties, including eddy diffusivity KT, flow velocity V and bottom temperature Tb, are found to be independent of the applied heat flux F. Together with the scaling analysis of convective flow at different configurations, where the flow is thermally driven in the relatively low or extremely high turbulent thermal convections or the horizontal convection, the variances of flow properties, δKT/KT and δV/V, are found to be close to 0.5% and 0.75% at δF/F=2%. This means that the small heat flux perturbation plays a negligible role in the global convective flow. However, δTb/ΔT is found to be 1.5% at δF/F=2%, which would have a significant effect in the local region. The results might provide a clue to understanding the influence of geothermal heating on global oceanic circulation. It is expected that geothermal heating will contribute less than 1% in turbulent mixing and volume flux to global oceanic circulation, so its influence can be negligible in this situation. However, when it comes to the local environment, the influence of geothermal heating cannot be ignored. For example, temperature increases of about 0.5°C with geothermal heating would have a significant effect on the physical environments within the benthic boundary layer. 相似文献
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本文研究了海水中钼(Ⅵ)与粘土矿物(高岭石、蒙脱石)、水合氧化铁(赤铁矿、无定形氧化铁)和水合氧化锰(水锰矿、δ-MnO2)相互作用的交换百分率E(%)-pH曲线.钼在这三类固体粒子上的E(%)-pH曲线分别为新发现的N-型曲线,以及峰型和反S型曲线.其中N-型曲线在负离子交换吸附文献中尚未见报道,本文提出用“静电交换和分级离子/配位子交换共同作用”的观点作理论解释.峰型和反S型E(%)-pH曲线可用固-液界面上负离子交换吸附作用解释.钼(Ⅵ)在这三类粒子上的交换能力顺序为:水合氧化锰>水合氧化铁>粘土矿物. 相似文献
4.
分光光度计测量2类水体光谱吸收系数的关键技术 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
分光光度计测量水体各成分的光谱吸收系数是一项比较成熟的吸收系数分析方法。文章简要介绍对2类水体光谱吸收系数测量的基本方法，重点探讨参比纯水水质、滤纸水合以及零值校正波长选择等关键技术问题，并给出相应的解决办法。 相似文献
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《海洋学报》2010,(5)
住筒虫是浮游被囊动物的一类,隶属于脊索动物门、尾索动物亚门、有尾纲、住筒虫科、住筒虫属,在海洋生物食物链中占重要位置。根据南海西北部陆架区2006年夏季、冬季和2007年春季3个航次各82个站的浮游动物拖网(网目孔径169μm)调查资料,共鉴定到8种住筒虫:Fritillariaaberrens,F.abjornseni,F.formica,F.haplostoma,F.megachile,F.pacifica,F.pellucida,F.tenella,其中F.aberrens、F.abjornseni和F.pacifica为南海新纪录。对它们进行了形态描述,并结合环境因子探讨其丰度分布特征。夏季出现住筒虫8种,平均丰度为(2.62±4.68)个/m3;冬季3种,春季4种,平均丰度分别为(0.23±0.52)和(1.72±5.43)个/m3。F.formica是丰度最高的一种,在夏季、冬季和春季分别占总丰度的43.88%,80.18%和84.29%;其次是F.pellucida和F.haplostoma;以上三种分布广,丰度较高。与环境因子分析表明,夏季琼东沿岸上升流和雷州半岛东部海域冷涡现象对种类向沿岸推移及其丰度增加有一定的助长作用。 相似文献
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珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃的分布及季节变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
采用GF/F玻璃滤膜对珠江虎门潮汐水道6个表层水样进行过滤分离出多环芳烃的颗粒相和溶解相,并根据美国EPA标准对多环芳烃进行了定量分析.结果显示,洪、枯季水体中16种优先控制多环芳烃总量分别是223～614,6 559～20 031 ng/dm3;洪、枯季多环芳烃总量分别为786～2 098,11 360～34 338 ng/dm3;广州前航道的污染较狮子洋严重.珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃的含量、分布具有明显的季节变化特征,枯季多环芳烃的浓度高于洪季1个数量级以上,且二环多环芳烃的含量占95%以上,主要呈溶解相形式出现;洪季高环多环芳烃的含量明显升高,主要呈颗粒相形式输运. 相似文献
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从海水中富集铀有多种方法,其中,水合氧化钛对铀的吸附容量大且选择性好,认为是最好的吸附剂。 水合氧化钛的制备方法和吸附条件不同,其富集的元素及富集系数也有差异,这是正常的现象。本文所用水合氧化钛是在本实验条件下制备和通水的,测定了两组水合氧化钛吸附 相似文献
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以人工杂交选育的坛紫菜新品系(Z-17)的F2、F3和对照组(YSX-3)的叶状体及丝状体为材料,进行高温、低氮磷实验,测定藻体的生长、4种色素含量及不同剪收次数后藻体厚度的变化等经济性状.结果表明:(1)在高温29℃下,F2和F3叶状体耐高温时间长,腐烂程度轻,其平均增长率分别为11.70%、11.55%;30℃时藻体开始腐烂;(2)在低氮磷条件下,F2 适应性较强,F3次之.F2培养到第15d颜色褪为浅黄色,移至含氮磷的培养液中培养3d后部分藻体颜色恢复,细胞正常;F3在培养到第12d颜色褪为黄绿色,移至正常培养液3d可恢复正常;(3)新品系F2和F3剪收2次后,藻体厚度增长不明显,实际厚度为26～31μm;(4)4种色素蛋白含量中,F2总藻胆蛋白含量最高为89.12mg/g,叶绿素含量高达6.29mg/g;(5)F2与F3的吸收光谱值相近;(6)在25、27、29℃培养温度下,对照组的丝状体生长发育较好,但新品系丝状体成熟晚,较耐高温. 相似文献
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长江和黄河入海沉积物不同粒级中长石/石英比值及化学风化程度评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长石/石英(F/Q)比值是评估碎屑沉积物化学风化强度的传统指标.在长江大通站和黄河利津站及相应河口区各取9个沉积物样品,将其<125 μm的部分按1间隔分离成7组不同的粒级,用X-ray衍射法半定量分析测定了全样和不同粒级沉积物中石英和长石的相对含量,计算了长石/石英(F/Q)、钾长石/石英(Fk/Q)、斜长石/石英(Fp/Q)比值,据此评估了长江和黄河入海沉积物化学风化强度随粒级的变化.结果显示取自黄河样品的F/Q,Fk/Q和Fp/Q比值在总体上显著高于长江样品,与长江流域的化学风化强度高于黄河的结论一致,可以作为流域沉积物化学风化强度替代指标.长江样品的F/Q,Fk/Q和Fp/Q比值随粒级变细持续变低,黄河样品则呈波动式下降.黄河样品的F/Q高出长江样品的部分主要发生在＜32 μm的细粒级,在粗粒级区间差别很小,当沉积物粒级下降到一定区间后F/Q差异出现快速增加,显示长江流域沉积物的风化程度高于黄河主要发生在较细粒级.上述比值在黄河样品的2～4 μm粒级中高出长江样品3～5倍,是凸显两河化学风化强度差别的敏感粒级,也可以作为两河物源示踪的指标. 相似文献
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Robert H. Stavn Hans J. Rick Alexander V. Falster 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,81(4):575-582
The standard technique of determining the concentrations of total suspended solids (TSSs), particulate inorganic matter (PIM), and particulate organic matter (POM) by filtration with glass fiber filters is subject to an error or bias from sea salt plus water of hydration retention, when applied to saline waters. The sea salt plus water of hydration retention by the filters occurs even after washing the filter with 300 ml of deionized water, a greater volume than any wash recommended in the literature. We determined that the mass retention on a glass fiber filter, at a given salinity, is essentially constant, no matter the volume of seawater passed through the filter. We also determined that the sea salt plus water of hydration retention on glass fiber filters is directly proportional to the salinity of the seawater filtered. Sea salt plus water of hydration retention causes an overestimate of TSS; sea salt retention causes an overestimate of PIM; volatilization of water of hydration causes an overestimate of POM. Thus a correction curve is required for sea salt and water of hydration errors in the determination of TSS and PIM. Corrected POM comes from the difference between the two. Also, filter blanks (procedural control filters), run with deionized (DI) water rather than the seawater sample, are required to correct for possible filter mass loss during the analysis. We demonstrate correction curves for sea salt plus water of hydration retention for Whatman GF/F filters, 47 mm diameter, utilizing the methods of the APHA Manual, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Application of other glass fiber filter types or an analytical technique differing significantly from that employed here requires a different correction curve for retention of sea salt and water of hydration. These methods can be used to reanalyze older data on PIM, POM, and TSS.We apply these corrections to PIM and POM data from the northern Gulf of Mexico and examine the interactions of these filter corrections with corrections for structural water volatilization from suspended clay minerals in the determinations of PIM and POM. We analyze published data on PIM and POM determinations and their application to remote sensing. We conclude that sea salt and water of hydration retention on filters has an adverse effect on remote-sensing algorithms inverting radiance reflectance to estimate concentrations of suspended matter. 相似文献
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针对传统趋势面滤波方法中多项式拟合曲面系数向量的求取和作为阈值的均方根误差的求取都受到异常数据的影响,使该方法在异常测深数据较多的情况下滤波效果不佳的问题,提出了一种中值滤波加权修正的改进方法。在构造趋势面之前,对水深数据进行加权修正,以前后两次修正后数据的拟合优度的变化量作为是否进行下一步水深修正的依据,利用最终修正后的水深数据求取多项式拟合曲面系数向量和均方根误差,大幅降低了异常数据的影响,具有很强的抗差性。经仿真模拟数据和多波束实测数据滤波试验,该方法在异常数据较多的情况下依然良好,能够保持良好的滤波效果,明显优于传统趋势面滤波;同时,该方法能够保持较高的运算效率,适用于海量多波束测深数据的自动滤波。 相似文献
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M. Taylan 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(11):255
Mathematical modeling of the nonlinear roll motion of ships is one subject widely dealt with in nonlinear ship dynamics. This paper investigates setting up a form of nonlinear roll motion model and developing its periodic solution by the generalized Krylov–Bogoliubov asymptotic method in the time domain. In this model, nonlinearities are introduced through damping and restoring terms. The restoring term is approximated as a third-order odd polynomial whereas the quadratic term is favored to represent the nonlinear damping. The ship is assumed to be under the influence of a sinusoidal exciting force. Although the method is expressible to contain any order of the perturbing term, a single degree is chosen to avoid cumbersome mathematical complexity. In order to improve the solution a first-order correction term is also included. Moreover, a numerical example is carried out for a small vessel in order to validate the solution scheme. 相似文献
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Robert Frouin Pierre-Yves Deschamps Lydwine Gross-Colzy Hiroshi Murakami Takashi Y. Nakajima 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(3):331-337
Top-of-atmosphere reflectance measured above the ocean in the visible and near infrared, after correction for molecular scattering,
may be linearly combined to retrieve surface chlorophyll-a abundance directly, without explicit correction for aerosol scattering
and absorption. The coefficients of the linear combination minimize the perturbing effects, which are modeled by a polynomial,
and they do not depend on geometry. The technique has been developed for Global Imager (GLI) spectral bands centered at 443,
565, 667, and 866 nm, but it is applicable to other sets of spectral bands. Theoretical performance is evaluated from radiation-transfer
simulations for a wide range of geophysical and angular conditions. Using a polynomial with exponents of −2, −1, and 0 to
determine the coefficients, the residual influence of the atmosphere on the linear combination is within ±0.001 in most cases,
allowing chlorophyll-a abundance to be retrieved with a root-mean-squared (RMS) error of 8.4% in the range 0.03–3 mgm−3. Application of the method to simulated GLI imagery shows that estimated and actual chlorophyll-a abundance are in agreement,
with an average RMS difference of 32.1% and an average bias of −2.2% (slightly lower estimated values). The advantage of the
method resides in its simplicity, flexibility, and rapidity of execution. Knowledge of aerosol amount and type is avoided.
There is no need for look-up tables of aerosol optical properties. Accuracy is adequate, but depends on the polynomial representation
of the perturbing effects and on the bio-optical model selected to relate the linear combination to chlorophyll-a abundance.
The sensitivity of the linear combination to chlorophyll-a abundance can be optimized, and the method can be extended to the
retrieval of other bio-optical variables. 相似文献
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基于浮标站海浪历史数据,利用回归分析方法建立了海浪数值模式有效波高预报产品的一元二次回归方程订正统计模型。通过2017年7月1日-2018年10月10日期间业务试运行结果发现:订正方程能有效改善有效波高数值预报产品的预报精度,且预报时效越短订正效果越显著。其中,第6~11 h预报时效内的订正前后平均绝对误差值减小0.17~0. 241 m,第6~18 h预报时效内订正前后均方根误差减小幅度为0.103~0. 28 m。这说明应用订正统计模型对海浪模式输出产品进行订正,也是改进海浪模式预报准确率的一种有效途径。 相似文献
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地图扫描数字化系统误差分析及对策探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
较全面地分析了地图扫描数字化的系统误差来源及影响。在系统误差纠正模型的选取过程中所采用的数据存在粗差，纠正模型的误差和模型数据的粗差是值得讨论的问题。利用粗差拟准检定法探测粗差准确的优点和判断函数模型的准则理论，提出顾及粗差的系统误差回归函数分析，先确定回归函数，在此基础上进行粗差探测与剔出，然后再进行回归分析，以达到消弱系统误差最优的目的。 相似文献
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针对滩涂机载激光雷达(LiDAR)数据的强度信息中存在的条带噪声,提出一种基于非线性RANSAC拟合强度联合直方图的修正算法。所提方法首先利用两个航带重叠区域数据的最近点构建强度联合直方图,之后强度联合直方图上利用二阶多项式构建归一化模型,再利用非线性RANSAC算法对二阶多项式进行拟合,最后利用拟合的二阶多项式对一条航带的数据进行强度修正,从而消除两个航带点云强度信息的不匹配现象。实验表明,相比于直接利用权重最小二乘法或RANSAC方法匹配联合直方图的强度修正方法,本文方法修正效果更好,且修正后航带重叠区的点云强度具有更好的同质性。 相似文献
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针对大洋调查中海山地磁测量时难以设立静日变化观测站的问题,提出了一种基于多项式拟合最小二乘算法的日变校正方法,即假设静日变化磁场可以用一个关于时间的高阶多项式来拟合,利用主测线和联络测线交点误差的最小二乘估计求得多项式的系数,从而得到静日变化曲线。从调查测得的磁场中减掉静日变化磁场即可得消除静日变化影响后的海山地磁异常。理论模型和实际资料处理都表明,这种方法不仅可以较好地消除静日变化的影响,而且用计算机实现也简单。为了提高静日变化校正结果,讨论了为提高静日变化校正效果,在大洋调查中测量海山地磁时应注意的几个问题。 相似文献
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Variational data analysis with control of the forecast bias 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We propose a methodology for the treatment of the systematic model error in variational data assimilation. The principle of the method is to add a systematic error correction term in the model equations and to include it in the variational assimilation control vector.
This method is applied to a simplified ocean circulation model in an identical twin experiment framework. It shows a noticeable improvement compared to the result of a classical variational assimilation scheme in which the systematic error is not corrected. The estimated systematic error correction term is sufficiently consistent with that needed by the model that it allows improvements not just to the analysis, but also during the forecast phase. 相似文献
This method is applied to a simplified ocean circulation model in an identical twin experiment framework. It shows a noticeable improvement compared to the result of a classical variational assimilation scheme in which the systematic error is not corrected. The estimated systematic error correction term is sufficiently consistent with that needed by the model that it allows improvements not just to the analysis, but also during the forecast phase. 相似文献