首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
本文采用中子活化分析法测定了南极长城湾表层沉积物中的微量元素,定量地给出了Au、Ag、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Yb、Lu、U、Th、Cr、Ir、Zr、Hf、Ba、Sr、Cs、Ni、Sc、Rb、Zn、Ta、Co、As、Sb、W等28种元素的含量,测定不准确度为3~5%。根据测定数据所做的稀土元素配分模式图表明,不同地段沉积物的组成有所不同。有些元素的含量明显高于克拉克值,有的站位Au、Ag的含量接近工业边界品位。  相似文献   

2.
微波消解ICP-MS同时测定海产品中的15种元素含量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用微波消解一电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定海产品中V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,cd,Sn,Hg,Tl,Pb等15种元素的含量,以Re元素为内标,利用其回收率对以上15种元素的测定结果进行校正.对各元素的线性关系良好(r=0.999 1~1.000 0),检出限为0.28~1105μg/L,利用该方法分析了标准参考物质TORT-2和DORM-2,测定值与参考值吻合较好.对虾样品平行测定5次,各元素的RSD均小于5%,该方法的精密度和准确性良好.并以该方法分析测定了8种海产品中15种元素的含量.该方法可以用来进行海产品的质量控制和安全评价.  相似文献   

3.
X射线荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中的41种元素及氧化物   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
海洋沉积物样品具有盐分含量高、吸水性强、基体复杂、不同元素浓度差异悬殊等特点,其元素定量分析无论在样品前处理以及分析测试方法都有不少问题。特别是常微量元素很难用同一种方法进行测定,波长色散X射线荧光光谱可以很好的解决这一难题。因此,本文构建了粉末压片制样波长色散X射线荧光光谱法直接测定海洋沉积物样品中41种元素或其氧化物(Na_2O、MgO、Al_2O_3、SiO_2、P、S、Cl、K_2O、CaO、Fe_2O_3、Sc、Ti, V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Br、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、La、Hf、W、Pb、Bi、Ce、Nd、Th、U)的方法。样品在30 t的压力下保压30 s,制备的样片坚固光滑、吸潮性小。针对海洋地质样品的多样性,通过多种校准标准品拟合曲线进行测量,降低了检出限,优化了测量条件。用经验系数、理论α系数与经验系数相结合和康普顿散射线内标法校正元素间的基体效应。对土壤成分标准物质GBW07408和海洋沉积物成分标准物质GBW07315进行精密度考察,大部分元素的方法精密度提高至0.16%~3.87%,绝大多数主次痕量元素的测量精密度(RSD)小于4%,方法检出限为0.8~220μg/g。对渤海湾三个站位沉积物样品41种元素或其氧化物测定,结果表明,测定方法的重复性好,经国家一级标准物质验证,表明方法准确可靠,能满足日常分析要求。该方法对水系沉积物、土壤等陆地地化样品同样适用。  相似文献   

4.
用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析一些特殊样品的时候,前处理方法成为分析样品成功与否的关键,对于高基质含量的样品测量其微量元素含量更是如此。元素硫超过99%的自然硫样品中微量元素的测定一般使用燃烧的方法去除自然硫,但是一些易挥发性的元素也因此失去而测不出来。作者试图采用硫升华的方法去除硫基质,通过在原样品中加入内标,分析测定后计算内标的回收率确定出元素Be,Sn,Sc,U和稀土元素(REE)的回收率都在90%以上,可以用升华硫方法很好地测定,而元素Tl,Hf,W,Nb,Zr,Ta等的回收率则在75%以下,不适合用该种方法测定。  相似文献   

5.
为了解三亚近岸海域沉积物地球化学特征,测定了331个站位的表层沉积物23种微量元素含量;利用多元统计法进行相关性及R型因子分析,探讨研究区元素的来源、分布特征及其控制因素。微量元素含量测定结果表明,Sr、Ba、Zr、Rb元素平均值比其他元素高;Be、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Sb、Pb、U、Zr、Ba、Sc、V、Ga等15种元素含量与海南岛水系沉积物、表层土壤、深层土壤接近,推测沉积物主要来自海南岛。各元素在研究区的空间分布比较复杂,在中部和东部,以Li为代表的15种微量元素随离岸距离增加含量增大;Cd、Sb、Zr、Ba、Rb、Sr、As、Hg的分布特征与其他微量元素相比差异明显。Li等15种元素来源与分布主要受陆源黏土矿物吸附作用控制,Sr主要受海洋生源沉积作用的控制,Zr主要受重矿物的控制,Ba和Rb主要受研究区地质背景控制,而Cd和As的来源与分布则与人类活动有关。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨闽江下游及河口区表层沉积物中元素组成、分布规律,用X射线荧光法分析了研究区域表层沉积物中11种微量元素的含量,并简要讨论了其分布特征和影响因素.分析结果表明,研究区沉积物中元素Ba含量最高,平均为515 mg/kg,元素Ga最低,平均为7.54 mg/kg,11种元素按含量由高到低排列是Ba、Rb、Zr、Sr、Cr、V、Zn、Nb、Y、Cu、Ga;元素变异系数介于0.17~1.05之间,最大为Zr,最小为Ba.被测元素含量均呈现出沿河道向河口递增的趋势,部分元素表现出南、北港下游含量高于上游的分布特征,显示人类活动的影响.元素含量高值与Si/Al比值所反映出的沉积物细颗粒区域相对应.沉积物微量元素含量与花岗岩成分相近,与石英砂岩存在较大差别.研究区域沉积物与长江、黄河和珠江沉积物相比,Ba、Rb两种元素含量差异相对较小,4条河流Ba约500mg/kg、Rb约100 mg/kg,其余元素在闽江沉积物中的含量相对较低,元素Zn、Cu差异最大.Cu、Zn和Cr 3种重金属元素相对以往分析结果较低.被测元素中V、Y、Zr、Nb 4种元素彼此相关性较强,相关系数均在0.8以上.被测元素均与Si/Al比值呈负相关关系,其中Rb、Ba、Sr关系相对密切,相关系数分别为:-0.887 2,-0.886 5和-0.885 8.通过沉积物微量元素分布及其影响因素探讨的分析表明,元素分布反应出在该区域物源和气候等特征条件影响下物理、化学风化的结果,同时受到沉积物粒度、人为活动和潮汐等因素的共同作用.  相似文献   

7.
电感耦合等离子体质谱测定海水中的锂、铷、硼、锶   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
测定海水中的Li、Rb、B、Sr 不需要像痕量元素一样采用复杂的分离富集方法, 去除基体元素,富集目标元素, 而是直接将海水稀释50 倍, 优化电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)参数, 提高测试灵敏度后, 在线加入内标Re 上机测试, Li、Rb、B、Sr 的方法检测限(3σ)分别为0. 75, 0.25, 14.0 和0.10 μg/L。连续测试10 次海水样品, 计算相对标准偏差(RSD), Li 为1.47%, B 为3.13%, Rb 为2.05%, Sr 为2.01%;并进行加标回收率实验, 回收率在96.5%~105%之间。结果表明, 该操作简单, 测定速度快, 数据稳定,可靠, 满足海水中这4 种元素的测试要求。测定了大西洋底层海水(距离海底200 m)中这4 种元素, 数据偏差小于2.65%, 低于方法测试标准偏差, 该层位水体稳定, 无变化。  相似文献   

8.
南海西北部表层沉积物重金属分布特征与污染评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解南海西北部表层沉积物中的重金属元素含量空间分布规律,利用等离子体原子发射光谱仪对研究区385个表层沉积物样品重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr进行了分析,结果表明,其丰度大小依次为Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb。元素间相关性表明,Cu和Zn、Cu和Sc、Zn和Sc的相关性较好,Cu、Zn、Sc与OrgC、Al2O3、沉积物平均粒径相关性较好,而Pb与OrgC、Al2O3、沉积物平均粒径相关性较差,Cr与OrgC、平均粒径呈负相关,与Al2O3相关性较差。采用富集因子及地累计指数对研究区重金属污染状况进行评价,结果表明,研究区各元素富集及污染程度依次为Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu。区域对比揭示,研究区重金属元素含量介于南海北部湾口和南海南部之间,总体上接近于自然背景值,呈无污染状态,Pb、Cr 2个元素在靠近海南岛沿岸及陆架局部海域受到工业或人类活动的影响而呈中等污染。  相似文献   

9.
多波长线性回归--紫外分光光度法测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以不同浓度的N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺溶液在波长200,201,202,203nm处的吸光度值对波长作图得到线性关系良好的1组直线,其斜率与对应溶液的浓度成正比,线性范围为0.002 5~0.040 0mg/mL,回归方程为κ=-2.252 c-0.002 7,相关系数r=0.999 95(n=6).不同批号壳聚糖样品测定结果的相对标准偏差0.20%~0.52% (n=5),回收率在100.2%~101.6%之间.本法解决了单波长紫外分光光度法中共存物吸收干扰问题,并简化了紫外一阶导数法中导数值的求法.实验结果表明,该法测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度准确度高,重现性好,试样无须特殊处理,适用于可溶性壳聚糖脱乙酰度的测定.  相似文献   

10.
琉球群岛以东海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对琉球群岛以东海域134个站位表层沉积物的化学元素含量进行了系统测试,结合矿物学资料等,对研究区的表层沉积物元素地球化学特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)琉球群岛以东海域沉积物具有半深海沉积物的地球化学特征;(2)通过元素因子分析,把25种元素或氧化物分为4种组合,每一种组合对应不同的物质来源,分别为陆源成因组合(SiO2,K2O,Zr,TiO2,Y,Sc,Na2O,La,Al2O3,P2O5,Ce),生物成因组合(Sr,CaO,L.O.I,CaCO3),火山源成因组合(MgO,V,Fe2O3,Cr,Li,Co),自生源成因组合(Ni,MnO,Cu,Ba);(3)控制本区元素分布的因素主要是水深、物质来源以及生物和铁锰物质的自生作用。  相似文献   

11.
A polymetallic nodule reference sample (No. 2388)collected from the Indian Ocean, and seven other samples, two from the United States Geological Survey, USA (Nod-A-1 and Nod-P-1), three from Russia (OOPE 601, OOPE 602, and OOPE 603), and two from China (GSPN-2 and GSPN-3), collected from different loca tions, are available for calibration purposes and as control samples in the analytical programs for polymetallic nodules and associated sediments to ensure accurate measurements. They are not certified for precious metal concentrations, however, and the data available are very scanty. An attempt has been made to provide working values for platinum, palladium, gold, and silver and indicative values for osmium, iridium, and ruthenium in these eight ferromanganese nodule reference samples, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). To assess the accuracy of the method, certified reference materials, WPR-1, WMS-1, WMG-1, and WGB-1 Canadian Certified Materials Project (CCRMP, Canada) were analyzed, and the data obtained were compared with the certified values. The estimate of analytical reproducibility was found to be better than 15 % RSD for most elements with comparable accuracy. The data presented for this set of manganese nodule reference samples may be useful in geochemical studies of manganese nodules and associated sediments.  相似文献   

12.
海底铁锰结壳和结核是重要的海底矿产资源,蕴含着丰富的金属元素并且具有巨大的经济价值。本文主要以南海多金属结壳(核)为研究对象,采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱、红外光谱分析(FTIR)以及X射线光电子能谱对铁锰矿物的矿物学和谱学特征进行了系统的分析和研究。粉晶衍射和拉曼光谱分析结果表明,南海多金属结壳的矿物组成为水羟锰矿、石英和长石,结核的矿物组成为钡镁锰矿、水羟锰矿、石英和长石,铁相矿物均为无定形铁氧化物/氢氧化物,并且锰相矿物和铁相矿物的结晶程度均较差。红外光谱分析结果显示多金属结核和结壳中的铁锰矿物具有大量表面羟基,这些含质子表面羟基官能团,可为海水中各成矿元素的络合提供丰富的活性位点。XPS分析表明多金属结核和结壳中铁锰矿物表面以Fe、Mn和O元素为主,其中Fe呈正三价态,Mn以正四、正三价为主,可能还含有少部分正二价态。对比南海多金属结壳(核)与太平海山结壳,南海多金属结壳(核)具有更为显著的表面羟基氧(-OH)含量,而太平洋海山结壳则以晶格氧(O2-)为主,表明太平洋海山结壳铁锰矿物结晶程度较南海多金属结壳(核)高。综合研究表明,在海底铁锰结壳和结核中(氢)氧化锰/铁矿物与海水之间界面效应对金属离子的富集机理主要有:(1)金属离子与矿物表面羟基进行络合反应,形成以配位键相连的羟基络合物,或与表面的质子交换生成稳定的内层络合物;(2)矿物的带电表面与金属离子通过静电作用形成双电层,生成外层络合物;(3)金属离子与矿物结构中的Mn、Fe离子同晶置换而成为结构阳离子。  相似文献   

13.
对大洋27航次在西太平洋马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊获取的3个多金属氧化物样品进行了X射线矿物衍射分析、穆斯堡尔谱分析及地球化学元素分析,研究其矿物、地球化学特征差异。结果表明,所取样品处于多金属氧化物发育的初始阶段,具有独特的矿物地球化学特征:(1)相较于太平洋CC区及中太平洋海盆获取的多金属结核样品,本研究样品的矿物组成中含有异常高的石英、斜长石以及黏土矿物,而水羟锰矿和钙锰矿含量较低。(2)样品中铁相矿物主要为正方针铁矿(91.6%),另含少量纤铁矿(8.4%),推测是纤铁矿向更加稳定的正方针铁矿衍变的结果。(3)由于样品中深海黏土组分以及氧化物核心物质的混入,加上吸附金属氧化物时间较短,导致SiO2和Al2O3含量均高于正常结核,而Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni等其余金属元素含量较低。(4)由于形成时间较短,样品中稀土元素含量相对较低,ΣREE仅约为0.4×10-3(一般太平洋CC区及中太平洋结核中稀土含量均大于1.0×10-3);加之海水氧化还原作用的降低以及研究区海底热液活动的影响,Ce元素未表现出多金属结核中常见的正异常。  相似文献   

14.
运用分形理论,通过建立不同的相空间,计算了东太平洋多金属结核中的铁、锰元素的时间序列在各相空间中的关联分维,并与其在沉积物岩心中的关联分维进行了对比.通过研究发现,多金属结核中铁、锰元素和沉积物中Fe2O3及MnO在分形演化过程中均存在分维吸引子,认为沉积物中的Fe2O3和MnO可以用3个变量来描述,它们可能代表了火山、生物和陆地的三种来源,而描述结核中的铁、锰元素却需要14个变量,反映多金属结核中铁、锰元素的来源和/或赋存非常复杂,至少有14个因素在起作用,可能暗示了结核在形成过程中存在复杂的生物化学作用,为多金属结核的生物成因提供了间接的数学证据,同时也合理解释了结核生长结构所具有的自相似韵律现象.  相似文献   

15.
地形坡度对多金属结核分布的控制作用   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
选取我国东太平洋多金属结核开辟区内的一个区域作为研究区,利用人工神经网络中应用最为广泛的BP网络,建立控制多金属结核分布的地质因素与多金属结核分布之间的映射关系,探讨地形坡度对多金属结核分布的控制作用.结果表明,在经度、纬度、水深、坡度四个因素中,坡度对结核分布影响程度最大;多金属结核主要分布于坡度小于5°的地方;当坡度小于5°时,丰度与地形坡度呈正相关,品位与地形坡度呈负相关,丰度与品位呈负相关;品位与坡度似呈指数关系,坡度增大,品位降低.  相似文献   

16.
Regional scale morphological studies on different-sized polymetallic nodules from the Central Indian Basin show that only 2–5 cm sized nodules have highest occurrence per station (92–94% along latitudes; 88–94% along longitudes). A nodule size shows an inverse relationship with the nodule distribution, grade, and abundance. Interestingly, only 3–4 and 4–5 cm sized nodules have highest grade, abundance, and distribution percentages along longitudes in P1, first generation mine site and relinquished area, which further implies that the nodule mining along the longitude would be beneficial. Different-sized nodule groups suggest their formation under variable environmental conditions that existed in the Central Indian Basin. The coexistence of different-sized nodules suggests different environmental conditions existed in the Central Indian Basin.  相似文献   

17.
西北太平洋多金属结核铂族元素地球化学特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Polymetallic nodules and cobalt (Co)-rich crusts are enriched in platinum-group elements (PGEs),especially platinum (Pt) and may be important sinks of PGEs.At present,little information is available on PGEs in polymetallic nodules,and their geochemical characteristics and the causes of PGEs enrichment are unclear.Here PGEs of polymetallic nodules from abyssal basin in the Marcus-Wake Seamount area of the Northwest Pacific Ocean are reported and compared with the published PGEs data of polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crusts in the Pacific.The total PGEs (ΣPGE) content of polymetallic nodules in study area is 258×10~(–9) in average,markedly higher than that of Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) nodules (ΣPGE=127×10~(–9)) and lower than that of Co-rich crusts in the Marcus-Wake Seamount (ΣPGE=653×10~(–9)),similar to that of Co-rich crusts in the South China Sea(ΣPGE=252×10~(–9)).The CI chondrite-normalized PGEs patterns in different regions of polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich crusts are highly consistent,with all being characterized by positive Pt and negative Pd anomalies These results,together with those of previous studies,indicate that PGEs in polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crusts are mainly derived directly from seawater.Pt contents of polymetallic nodules from the study area are negatively correlated with water depth,and Pt/ΣPGE ratios in nodules there are also lower than those of the Corich crusts in the adjacent area,indicating that sedimentary water depth and oxygen fugacity of ambient seawater are the possible important controlling factors for Pt accumulation in crusts and nodules.  相似文献   

18.
空间因子分析与沉积地球化学旋回元素组合的确定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1995年5月,引用地矿部“七五”东北太平洋CCA121柱状沉积物的8个元素地球化学分析数据,利用空间因子分析方法确定两种周期度(D1=65cm,D2=105cm)内的沉积地球化学旋回元素组合,并据此探讨多金属结核成矿与物源环境的关系,研究表明,与小尺度周期(D1=65cm)对应的元素组合:Ud1(Mn,Co,Cu,Al2O3,SiO2和Ud2(Fe,Ca,Co,Cu)与大尺度周期对应的元素组合为  相似文献   

19.
A high level of confidence in resource data is a key prerequisite for conducting a reliable economic feasibility study in deep water seafloor mining. However, the acquisition of accurate resource data is difficult when employing traditional point-sampling methods to assess the resource potential of polymetallic nodules, given the vast size of the survey area and high spatial variability in nodule distribution. In this study, we analyzed high-resolution acoustic backscatter intensity images to estimate nodule abundance and increase confidence levels in nodule abundance data. We operated a 120 kHz deep-towed sidescan sonar (DSL-120) system (1×1 m resolution) across a 75 km2 representative area in the Korean Exploration Area for polymetallic nodules in the Northeastern Equatorial Pacific. A deep-towed camera system was also run along two tracks in the same area to estimate the abundance of polymetallic nodules on the seafloor. Backscatter data were classified into four facies based on intensity. The facies with the weakest and strongest backscatter intensities occurred in areas of high slope gradient and basement outcrops, respectively. The backscatter intensities of the two other facies correlated well with the nodule abundances estimated from still-camera images. A linear fit between backscatter intensity and mean nodule abundance for 10 zones in the study area yielded an excellent correlation (r2 = 0.97). This allowed us to compile a map of polymetallic nodule abundance that shows greater resolution than a map derived from the extrapolation of point-sampling data. Our preliminary analyses indicate that it is possible to greatly increase the confidence level of nodule resource data if the relationship between backscatter intensity and nodule abundance is reliably established. This approach has another key advantage over point sampling and image analyses in that detailed maps of mining obstacles along the seafloor are produced when acquiring data on the abundance of polymetallic nodules. The key limitation of this work is a poor correlation between nodule coverage, as observed from photographs, and nodule abundance. Significant additional ground truth sampling using well located box cores should be completed to determine whether or not there is a real correlation between the backscatter and abundance.  相似文献   

20.
The rare-earth distribution has been determined in five manganese nodules from a range of marine environments. Manganese nodules from Loch Fyne, Scotland, and the Gulf of Aden are characterized by a low absolute abundance of the rare-earth elements and a low Ce/La ratio compared with deep-sea nodules. This difference is interpreted in terms of the diagenetic remobilization of manganese in the high sedimentation regimes leading to the effective fractionation of manganese from the rare-earth elements and the resultant depletion of the rare earths in nodules from these environments. The mechanism of incorporation of the rare-earth elements into manganese nodules is thought to be either the direct adsorption of these elements from seawater or the scavenging of the elements by colloidal iron oxide prior to their incorporation into the authigenic phase of nodules. There appears to be no evidence for the surface transfer of these elements from inorganic detritus into the authigenic phase of nodules as suggested by previous authors. The distribution of U and Th in the nodules is controlled by factors similar to those controlling the rare-earth abundance in nodules. The higher U/Th ratios in nodules from Loch Fyne and the Gulf of Aden is considered to be due to the preferential reduction of UO2(CO3)34? to some lower-valency uranium species such as U3O8 in nodules from less oxidizing environments.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号