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1.
对于海底地形测量,基于FT波束形成的幅度检测法空间分辨率较低,只能较准确给出有限测点的水深信息;平坦海底前提下,分裂子阵检测法或多子阵检测法可以得到连续测点的水深信息,复杂海底地形条件下,这两种方法均难以应用。能否利用高分辨率波束形成器来提高测深系统的空间分辨率是一个值得研究的问题。使用ESPRIT波束形成器处理了多波束测深系统的试验数据,并就其性能与FT波束形成器进行了比较与分析。  相似文献   

2.
针对现有以常规波束形成技术为基础的多波束测深算法中存在空间分辨率不足的问题,将子空间类高分辨算法MUSIC应用到国产多波束测深系统中,探索提高多波束系统空间分辨力的方法。对MUSIC算法原理进行了数学表达式推导和性能分析,并通过计算机仿真、湖上试验数据处理验证了本算法能降低回波到达角度的估计误差,有效地提高了空间方位估计精度,具有实际应用的可行性。  相似文献   

3.
针对传统三维声呐硬件系统复杂、计算量庞大的特点,本文设计了一种基于垂直线阵的水下三维成像系统。相比于传统二维面阵成像声呐,垂直线阵成像声呐阵元数较少,硬件电路较简单。但是,垂直线阵扫面时间过长的缺点使得系统成像速率较慢,无法满足实时成像的需求。为解决此问题,本文提出了一种多频率发射波束形成算法,该算法通过优化垂直阵列的发射过程,有效地减少了系统发射阵列的波束发射次数,从而缩短了系统扫描时间,提升了成像速度。系统硬件部分由发射模块、接收模块、电源模块以及显示模块4个部分组成。系统通过FPGA控制120路信号的同步采样,在波束形成计算中使用并行子阵分级波束形成算法再次提高了系统的运算速率。为了验证系统的性能指标,本文先后对系统进行了波束形成仿真测试以及水下环境的实际成像测试。经测试,本文设计的垂直线阵三维声呐成像效果接近同等指标的二维面阵成像声呐,系统成像帧率较高,满足了三维声呐低功耗、小型化、实时成像的需求。  相似文献   

4.
提出了基于二阶锥规划的空域维纳滤波。基于噪声与阵列流型不相关的特性,将阵列的方向向量作为期望通过二阶锥规划方法对阵列快拍进行维纳滤波。利用维纳滤波抑制噪声的能力,提高阵列的信号检测和方位估计性能。通过仿真研究,验证了单目标时,其低信噪比下的信号检测性能优于Bartlett波束形成,其方位估计的信噪比门限要低于Bartlett波束形成和MUSIC算法,因而是一种优良的波束形成器。该波束形成器用于多波束测深仪和侧扫声纳等海洋测绘设备的阵列,可以有效的提高设备的作用距离和测量精度。  相似文献   

5.
孙芳  王川  陈阳 《海洋测绘》2014,(1):37-39
提出了基于二阶锥规划的空域维纳滤波。基于噪声与阵列流型不相关的特性,将阵列的方向向量作为期望通过二阶锥规划方法对阵列快拍进行维纳滤波。利用维纳滤波抑制噪声的能力,提高阵列的信号检测和方位估计性能。通过仿真研究,验证了单目标时,其低信噪比下的信号检测性能优于Bartlett波束形成,其方位估计的信噪比门限要低于Bartlett波束形成和MUSIC算法,因而是一种优良的波束形成器。该波束形成器用于多波束测深仪和侧扫声纳等海洋测绘设备的阵列,可以有效的提高设备的作用距离和测量精度。  相似文献   

6.
波束形成最重要的目的是定向,线列阵的波束形成技术在水声领域中作为接收和检测信号的基本方法已被广泛运用。由于方位估计需要大孔径基阵,而在水中兵器中,为解决小平台目标俯仰角估计问题, 提出一种基于线列阵的 Notch 窄带波束形成方法。主要介绍了基于线列阵的 Notch 窄带波束形成的结构、概念和实现方法,以及基于实测数据条件下的目标俯仰角估计仿真。  相似文献   

7.
刘冲  罗宇 《海洋测绘》2019,39(2):50-53
常规波束形成技术以其稳健性好、计算量低等特点得到广泛应用,但其空间分辨率受阵元个数限制,不能突破瑞利限。因此,常规波束形成技术应用于高精度浅水多波束测深仪时,存在空间分辨率不足和旁瓣干扰等问题。对比研究了最小方差无失真(MVDR)及多重信号分类(MUSIC)波束形成在浅水多波束测深仪中的应用,给出了浅水多波束测深仪的常规波束形成、MVDR和MUSIC处理方法,并结合能量法和相位法两种底检测测深算法,处理了iBeam8120浅水多波束测深仪外场数据,验证了本文方法的性能。  相似文献   

8.
基于Field Ⅱ声场仿真工具建立了仿真模型,模拟了平坦以及海底有凸起目标时的海底地形,分别采用常规波束形成器和超波束形成器对模拟的海底回波数据进行处理,结果表明超波束形成器分辨目标的性能更优;应用Monte Carlo方法进行仿真实验,结果表明基于超波束形成器的WMT算法深度估计均值更接近真值、标准差更低,可以有效提升多波束海底检测性能。  相似文献   

9.
基于四阶累积量的被动测向声纳高分辨力算法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用高阶累积量的阵列扩展和抑制高斯噪声特性,提出1种基于四阶累积量的逆波束形成算法,并通过滑动平均进一步改善了算法。仿真结果和实验数据表明:逆波束形成算法较常规波束形成方法在空间方位分辨力和噪声抑制能力上明显提高,可以更有效地应用于被动测向声纳中。  相似文献   

10.
传统上都是使用基于常规波束形成(CBF)输出功率的不同进行声源的被动检测和定位。广义相关波束形成,是一种旨在将平均Toep litz相关函数用于估计波束形成的输出功率。从线性矢量水听器阵出发,分析了常规波束形成,对广义相关波束形成(GCBF)进行了深入研究,通过对广义相关波束形成器进行“W ilson”和“Bartlett”加权,可以分别得到FIM(WFIM)和CBF,对这三种波束形成器进行了理论分析和计算机仿真,结果表明三个波束形成器的分辨能力从高到低依次是:FIM、WFIM、CBF。  相似文献   

11.
With the ability of multibeam echo sounders (MBES) to measure backscatter strength (BS) as a function of true angle of insonification across the seafloor, came a new recognition of the potential of backscatter measurements to remotely characterize the properties of the seafloor. Advances in transducer design, digital electronics, signal processing capabilities, navigation, and graphic display devices, have improved the resolution and particularly the dynamic range available to sonar and processing software manufacturers. Alongside these improvements the expectations of what the data can deliver has also grown. In this paper, we identify these user-expectations and explore how MBES backscatter is utilized by different communities involved in marine seabed research at present, and the aspirations that these communities have for the data in the future. The results presented here are based on a user survey conducted by the GeoHab (Marine Geological and Biological Habitat Mapping) association. This paper summarises the different processing procedures employed to extract useful information from MBES backscatter data and the various intentions for which the user community collect the data. We show how a range of backscatter output products are generated from the different processing procedures, and how these results are taken up by different scientific disciplines, and also identify common constraints in handling MBES BS data. Finally, we outline our expectations for the future of this unique and important data source for seafloor mapping and characterisation.  相似文献   

12.
The establishment of multibeam echosounders (MBES) as a mainstream tool in ocean mapping has facilitated integrative approaches towards nautical charting, benthic habitat mapping, and seafloor geotechnical surveys. The bathymetric and backscatter information generated by MBES enables marine scientists to present highly accurate bathymetric data with a spatial resolution closely matching that of terrestrial mapping, and can generate customized thematic seafloor maps to meet multiple ocean management needs. However, when a variety of MBES systems are used, the creation of objective habitat maps can be hindered by the lack of backscatter calibration, due for example, to system-specific settings, yielding relative rather than absolute values. Here, we describe an approach using object-based image analysis to combine 4 non-overlapping and uncalibrated (backscatter) MBES coverages to form a seamless habitat map on St. Anns Bank (Atlantic Canada), a marine protected area hosting a diversity of benthic habitats. The benthoscape map was produced by analysing each coverage independently with supervised classification (k-nearest neighbor) of image-objects based on a common suite of 7 benthoscapes (determined with 4214 ground-truthing photographs at 61 stations, and characterized with backscatter, bathymetry, and bathymetric position index). Manual re-classification based on uncertainty in membership values to individual classes—especially at the boundaries between coverages—was used to build the final benthoscape map. Given the costs and scarcity of MBES surveys in offshore marine ecosystems—particularly in large ecosystems in need of adequate conservation strategies, such as in Canadian waters—developing approaches to synthesize multiple datasets to meet management needs is warranted.  相似文献   

13.
CUBE算法及其在多波束数据处理中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
阐述了一种基于表面生成的多波束数据处理方法——CUBE(Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator)算法,用该方法可以对观测区域网格节点"真实"水深及相关误差进行估计。与从测量水深中选择出"最佳"数据的手工交互方式的多波束数据编辑手段不同,CUBE算法具有很强的抗差性和较高的效率,适合于实时多波束数据处理。对南海某测区多波束数据处理结果表明,在没有人工干预的情况下,利用CUBE算法去噪生成的海底DTM图与手工编辑生成的相当吻合。CUBE算法和手工编辑方法综合对比得出,CUBE算法能够很好地保留水深地形细节,在计算效率、误差评估、实时处理等方面比手工编辑方法具有较大的优势。  相似文献   

14.
Habitat mapping data are increasingly being recognised for their importance in underpinning marine spatial planning. The ability to collect ultra-high resolution (cm) multibeam echosounder (MBES) data in shallow waters has facilitated understanding of the fine-scale distribution of benthic habitats in these areas that are often prone to human disturbance. Developing quantitative and objective approaches to integrate MBES data with ground observations for predictive modelling is essential for ensuring repeatability and providing confidence measures for habitat mapping products. Whilst supervised classification approaches are becoming more common, users are often faced with a decision whether to implement a pixel based (PB) or an object based (OB) image analysis approach, with often limited understanding of the potential influence of that decision on final map products and relative importance of data inputs to patterns observed. In this study, we apply an ensemble learning approach capable of integrating PB and OB Image Analysis from ultra-high resolution MBES bathymetry and backscatter data for mapping benthic habitats in Refuge Cove, a temperate coastal embayment in south-east Australia. We demonstrate the relative importance of PB and OB seafloor derivatives for the five broad benthic habitats that dominate the site. We found that OB and PB approaches performed well with differences in classification accuracy but not discernible statistically. However, a model incorporating elements of both approaches proved to be significantly more accurate than OB or PB methods alone and demonstrate the benefits of using MBES bathymetry and backscatter combined for class discrimination.  相似文献   

15.
Based on the general concept of the inverse acoustic radiation problem, the temporal scanning of a stationary acoustic field along a closed contour is used to simplify the measurement approach for obtaining information on source directionality. The mathematical formulation is derived from a model of the two-dimensional acoustic field. The formulation of the inverse problem is also investigated to establish a methodology for improving the angular resolution of the array processing. The fundamental relationship between the sound sources and the circular passive synthetic array is explored, utilizing existing mathematical methods, in order to develop the processing algorithm. Other subjects of practical interest, such as directional ambiguity, effect of Doppler frequency, interference noise, and processing gain are discussed. It is concluded that the results can be used to establish guidelines for engineering design and deployment of this type of synthetic array, and to further exploit the new array signal processing technique  相似文献   

16.
A procedure is suggested in which a relative calibration for the intensity output of a multibeam echo sounder (MBES) can be performed. This procedure identifies a common survey line (i.e., a standard line), over which acoustic backscatter from the seafloor is collected with multiple MBES systems or by the same system multiple times. A location on the standard line which exhibits temporal stability in its seafloor backscatter response is used to bring the intensity output of the multiple MBES systems to a common reference. This relative calibration procedure has utility for MBES users wishing to generate an aggregate seafloor backscatter mosaic using multiple systems, revisiting an area to detect changes in substrate type, and comparing substrate types in the same general area but with different systems or different system settings. The calibration procedure is demonstrated using three different MBES systems over 3 different years in New Castle, NH, USA.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

This paper presents an automatic, rigorous, and robust method to determine a Multi-Beam Echo Sounder (MBES) and Inertial Measurement Unit/Inertial Navigation System (IMU/INS) latency calibration. The latency may be due to the IMU/INS itself, but also to the time-tagging configuration, which is generally left to the survey systems user. One survey strip over a flat seafloor is the required configuration of line for using this approach, called Multibeam IMU/INS Latency Automatic Calibration (MILAC), standing for MBES to IMU/INS Latency Automatic Calibration. The algorithm considers only data with maximum latency effects and integrates an automatic data selection for this purpose. The latency estimation procedure is based on an iterative Least Square adjustment method followed by a statistical analysis. Our process can deal with beam acoustic refraction caused by the speed of sound in sea water. The accuracy of MILAC is about 2?ms (millisecond) and its average precision of 0.15?ms. MILAC is able to determine the latency with an average resolution of 5?ms. However, the morphology of the survey line is restricted to smooth and regular seafloor and the survey platform should have a relatively high attitude rate.  相似文献   

18.
With the development of high-resolution multibeam echosounder systems (MBES) for surveying shallow-water areas a new tool is available to monitor rapid changes in seabed morphology as, e.g., caused by the dumping of dredge spoil in coastal waters. In this study, four data sets of repeated bathymetric surveys with a MBES were processed and analyzed. The data were collected in a 1.94-km2 dumping site in the outer Weser Estuary (German Bight). Between June and December 1998, 2.6 million m3 of dredged sediment were deposited there. The bathymetric maps generated in the course of this study reveal features such as subaqueous dunes, scour holes, and mounds of dumped dredge spoil. The mean water depth decreased by about 1 m during the dumping period. Furthermore, difference grids showing changes in sediment volume allowed a calculation of the sediment budget for the monitored area. After a time period of only 5 months, 0.5 million m3 of the originally dumped 2.6 million m3 of dredge spoil had already been removed from the dumping site.  相似文献   

19.
Multibeam echosounders (MBES) have become a widely used acoustic remote sensing tool to map and study the seafloor, providing co-located bathymetry and seafloor backscatter. Although the uncertainty associated with MBES-derived bathymetric data has been studied extensively, the question of backscatter uncertainty has been addressed only minimally and hinders the quantitative use of MBES seafloor backscatter. This paper explores approaches to identifying uncertainty sources associated with MBES-derived backscatter measurements. The major sources of uncertainty are catalogued and the magnitudes of their relative contributions to the backscatter uncertainty budget are evaluated. These major uncertainty sources include seafloor insonified area (1–3 dB), absorption coefficient (up to >?6 dB), random fluctuations in echo level (5.5 dB for a Rayleigh distribution), and sonar calibration (device dependent). The magnitudes of these uncertainty sources vary based on how these effects are compensated for during data acquisition and processing. Various cases (no compensation, partial compensation and full compensation) for seafloor insonified area, transmission losses and random fluctuations were modeled to estimate their uncertainties in different scenarios. Uncertainty related to the seafloor insonified area can be reduced significantly by accounting for seafloor slope during backscatter processing while transmission losses can be constrained by collecting full water column absorption coefficient profiles (temperature and salinity profiles). To reduce random fluctuations to below 1 dB, at least 20 samples are recommended to be used while computing mean values. The estimation of uncertainty in backscatter measurements is constrained by the fact that not all instrumental components are characterized and documented sufficiently for commercially available MBES. Further involvement from manufacturers in providing this essential information is critically required.  相似文献   

20.
Processing simultaneous bathymetry and backscatter data, multibeam echosounders (MBESs) show promising abilities for remote seafloor characterization. High-frequency MBESs provide a good horizontal resolution, making it possible to distinguish fine details at the water-seafloor interface. However, in order to accurately measure the seafloor influence on the backscattered energy, the recorded sonar data must first be processed and cleared of various artifacts generated by the sonar system itself. Such a preprocessing correction procedure along with the assessment of its validity limits is presented and applied to a 95-kHz MBES (Simrad EM 1000) data set. Beam pattern effects, uneven array sensitivities, and inaccurate normalization of the ensonified area are removed to make possible further quantitative analysis of the corrected backscatter images. Unlike low-frequency data where the average backscattered energy proves to be the only relevant feature for discriminating the nature of the seafloor, high-frequency MBES backscatter images exhibit visible texture patterns. This additional information involves different statistical distributions of the backscattered amplitudes obtained from various seafloor types. Non-Rayleigh statistics such as K-distributions are shown to fit correctly the skewed distributions of experimental high-frequency data. Apart from the effect of the seafloor micro-roughness, a statistical model makes clear a correlation between the amplitude statistical distributions and the signal incidence angle made available by MBES bathymetric abilities. Moreover, the model enhances the effect of the first derivative of the seafloor backscattering strength upon statistical distributions near the nadir and at high incidence angles. The whole correction and analysis process is finally applied to a Simrad EM 1000 data set.  相似文献   

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