共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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介绍ITRF2014的定义、测站分布、输入数据、分析策略以及与ITRF2008的转换参数,并分析ITRF2014相对于ITRF2008的改进。ITRF2014是国际地球参考框架ITRF的最近一次更新,它是基于四种空间大地测量技术(VLBI、SLR、GNSS和DORIS)重新处理解实现的。相较于ITRF2008,ITRF2014不仅在观测数据和测站数量上有所增加,还改善了对非线性运动的处理,包括对周期性信号的估计以及对震后形变(post-seismic deformation,PSD)的改正,并提供了PSD模型和地球质心运动模型两个新产品。ITRF2014为地球科学等相关领域的研究与应用提供了统一的空间基准,也为其他坐标框架的维持与精化提供了参考。 相似文献
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Morgan(1972a)将(从转换断层走向和海底扩张速率推断出的)相对板块运动与热点轨迹趋势相结合,建立了一个全球绝对板块运动模式并得出以下结论:①在过去约40 Ma期间,即自从夏威夷-皇帝岭弯曲构造形成以来,没有发生大的板块运动重组;②地幔中的热点相互之间保持固定不变. 相似文献
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自60年代中期,板块构造学说诞生以来,关于板块运动的力学机制问题一直没有很好解决。大洋中脊是公认的重要板块分界线,也是全球连续性最好最长的板块分界线,对大洋中脊应力性质的认识将有利于探讨全球板块的运动机制。海底扩张学说为认识板块运动方向提供了许多令人信服的事实,但是,其运动力学机制并非符合后来发现的一些新的事实。本文试图进一步阐明海底是主动扩张还是被动拉张。1 海底扩张说的发展回顾海底扩张一词源于本世纪60年代,美国地质学家Hess(1962)和Dietz(1961)在地幔对流的基础上提出海底扩张学说,认为大洋中脊顶部是地幔物… 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(4):18-18
夏威夷—皇帝海山链的弯曲是固定热点基准结构中记录了板块运动变化的最好例证。换句话说 ,弯曲首先记录了夏威夷热点相对于太平洋岩石圈的运动差异。 4种研究支持近来的观点 :(1 )从相对板块运动数据预测的全球板块运动 ;(2 )源于北太平洋海盆的板块扩张速率数据 ;(3 )利用地球和地震层析成像技术的地幔流模拟 ;(4 )来自皇帝海岭的新的古地磁数据。虽然受以前钻探的限制要获得板块运动速率的数据仍相当困难 ,但是最实用的古地磁数据表明太平洋热点已经迁移 ,其运动速率可与晚白垩世至早第三纪 (81～43 Ma)的岩石圈板块相比。如果这个数据… 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2015,(4)
中国三大陆块是全球奥陶纪到志留纪板块与洋陆格局重建的关键,涉及到古亚洲洋与原特提斯洋的演化。综合了全球奥陶纪到志留纪的古地磁、古生物、古气候以及地球化学的相关证据,重建了中国三大陆块在这一时期的板块演化与洋陆格局,并将它们与全球板块演化模型结合到一起,特色在于通过板块运动的速度场分析,厘定了全球重要的板块边界及其性质。得到以下新认识:在奥陶纪到志留纪,中国三大陆块独立地位于地球的低纬地区,并且不依附于任何大的陆块,离散分布于原特提斯洋与古亚洲洋之间,原特提斯洋与古亚洲洋不断消减俯冲。其中,华北陆块早期靠近西伯利亚大陆东缘,华南陆块在奥陶纪早期沿着冈瓦纳大陆西侧漂移,塔里木陆块在奥陶纪进行了一个南北向的大范围的运动后,在志留纪开始向西漂移。中国三大陆块在这一时期不断地相互作用。在奥陶纪到中志留纪,原特提斯洋不断地俯冲冈瓦纳大陆与华北大陆,直到晚志留纪,随着古特提斯洋的扩张,原特提斯洋开始逐渐闭合。 相似文献
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通过全球定位系统已经观测到了东亚和西太平洋的瞬时构造运动。为了这个目的，已经在这个区域建立了一个连续跟踪网络，即西太平洋GPS整体网络(WING)。从各个观测点观测到的速度来看，像太平洋和菲律宾海板块一样的大洋板块总体上作为一个刚性板块运动，而大陆板块变形强烈。通过在冲鸟岛和其他岛屿的GPS观测速度估算出菲律宾海板块的欧拉矢量。为了得出更详细的东亚速度场，许多出版的速度场数据被利用，为了使它们与普通观测点的数据一致而使用最少二乘指向。结果很清楚的表明印度大陆向欧亚大陆发生碰撞。而且证明在西藏北部速度场发生强烈的弯曲说明侵入的岩石圈向东挤出。这个碰撞的效应甚至更向东影响到韩国和日本。日本地理调查所近来建立了一个由大约1000个GPS永久观测点组成的全国性高密度观测网络。从这个网络获得的速度场清楚地描述了周围板块的运动方向。 相似文献
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地球表面的板块运动速度是恒定的，还是在百万年、十万年或更短的时间尺度上变化的?根据D．Wilson的研究结果，某些板块的运动在过去的5Ma间是恒定不变的，但是Vogt在同一问题上的研究结果是在过去的百万年间海底扩张的速度比这之前的百万年间增加了22％，那一个答案是正确的呢? 相似文献
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The French Transportable Laser Ranging System (FTLRS) was deployed in the calibration site of satellite radar altimeters in Corsica over the 2002 and 2005 campaigns. The paper describes the different steps of SLR data processing. The average arcs RMS obtained are about 1–2 cm for Lageos-1&;-2, Starlette and Stella satellites; it is shown that the best results of satellite orbits determination and geocentric positioning are obtained with Eigen-Grace03s gravity model. The difference of FTLRS absolute 3D positioning, between 2002 and 2005, of about 7.7 mm (i.e., 2.6 mm/yr) is less than residual errors of ITRF2005 velocities (of about 4.3 mm/yr). 相似文献
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Absolute positioning of an autonomous underwater vehicle using GPS and acoustic measurements 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kinematic global positioning system (GPS) positioning and underwater acoustic ranging can combine to locate an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) with an accuracy of /spl plusmn/30cm (2-/spl sigma/) in the global International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000 (ITRF2000). An array of three precision transponders, separated by approximately 700 m, was established on the seafloor in 300-m-deep waters off San Diego. Each transponder's horizontal position was determined with an accuracy of /spl plusmn/8 cm (2-/spl sigma/) by measuring two-way travel times with microsecond resolution between transponders and a shipboard transducer, positioned to /spl plusmn/10 cm (2-/spl sigma/) in ITRF2000 coordinates with GPS, as the ship circled each seafloor unit. Travel times measured from AUV to ship and from AUV to transponders to ship were differenced and combined with AUV depth from a pressure gauge to estimate ITRF2000 positions of the AUV to /spl plusmn/1 m (2-/spl sigma/). Simulations show that /spl plusmn/30 cm (2-/spl sigma/) absolute positioning of the AUV can be realized by replacing the time-difference approach with directly measured two-way travel times between AUV and seafloor transponders. Submeter absolute positioning of underwater vehicles in water depths up to several thousand meters is practical. The limiting factor is knowledge of near-surface sound speed which degrades the precision to which transponders can be located in the ITRF2000 frame. 相似文献
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Edwin L. Hamilton 《Marine Geology》1973,14(5):295-325
Five expeditions (1965–1970) across parts of the Aleutian Abyssal Plain and adjacent areas in the Gulf of Alaska, and results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, provide new information for the geologic history of the region which forms restrictive limits on models of plate tectonics. In general: (1) the Eocene-Oligocene, turbidite Aleutian Abyssal Plain was deposited from channelized turbidity currents from the north or northeast; (2) the plain is bounded on the south by the northern ridges of the Surveyor Fracture Zone, and is isolated from the Tufts Abyssal Plain; (3) turbidites were deposited from many buried channels and smaller surficial channels, but mainly from four great channels: Seamap, Sagittarius, Aquarius, and Taurus.The channels are depositional features; accumulation of sediments causes the channels to lie, topographically, along low ridges, with channels above distal portions of their levees. Western levees are higher and broader than eastern levees. Levee heights decrease from 30–100 m in the north to 15–25 m in the south.Rates of deposition and thicknesses of pelagic sediments in the northwest are 3 to 4 times greater than in the southeast. The data indicate the pelagics were deposited near the margin of the Pacific, at or near present locations. Thus, little or no northward plate motion is indicated.Turbidite thicknesses decrease from about 400–800 m in the north to about 200 m in the south. Turbidite thicknesses in the east-central plain are greater than in the Alaskan Abyssal Plain (formed since the Miocene), the northern Tufts Abyssal Plain, or the Sohm Abyssal Plain in the North Atlantic.Faulting and flexure of the oceanic crust seaward of the Aleutian Trench have strongly affected the channels. Seamap Channel has its high point midway along its course. The other three major channels are uplifted and faulted in the north.Required volumes of off-scraped sediments, undisturbed turbidites in the Aleutian Trench floor, and paleoclimatology also argue for little northward plate movement.The total evidence indicates that the turbidite Aleutian Abyssal Plain was formed in the Eocene-Oliogocene at, or near, its present position, and that the sediment source was probably Alaska. Cretaceous flysch of the Alaska Peninsula continental terrace was a possible source.The evidence does not require, but does not exclude, plate tectonics hypotheses. The evidence apparently excludes those continuous spreading models which cannot explain deposition of an Eocene-Oligocene turbidite plain over the magnetic bight, or which require an active, subducting, paleogene Aleutian Trench. Plate movements to the north over small distances cannot be excluded. The evidence is consistent with concepts of discontinuous sea-floor spreading with episodic subduction, or discontinuous, relative plate motion in this area. Two models are outlined which are consistent with the regional evidence: (1) a model with discontinuous relative plate motion and episodic subduction (a variation of one published by Hayes and Pitman, 1970); or (2) a no-plate-motion, or very-little-motion, model with long periods of inter-plate inactivity without subduction. 相似文献
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首先介绍全球海域圆筒形装置的工程应用案例,对比圆筒形FPSO相对常规船形的优势,然后以原油储量、工艺模块甲板面积、耐波性、稳性、系泊系统、排水量等控制参数为目标,研究圆筒形FPSO主尺度选取依据,分舱原则。重点研究圆筒形装置的阻尼板结构,此为抑制运动响应的关键结构,通过模型试验方法分析对比了水平阻尼板、不同角度锥形阻尼板的特性。最后研究圆筒形装置运动性能分析方法,介绍二阶响应数值预报方法,研究垂荡和横摇运动的耦合效应,分析波频和低频运动响应,通过模型试验进行了验证,从而指导圆筒形装置设计。 相似文献
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V. P. Trubitsyn 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(7):673-682
Intraplate earthquakes are described by a model of a thrust fault in continuous or cracked media. Such a model can also be used to describe interplate earthquakes, in particular, strong earthquakes in subduction zones. However, new seismic, tectonic, and GPS data for this strong Japanese earthquake demand a more detailed model. One possible model can be a model of the elastic island plate coupled with a dipping oceanic plate with submarine mountings. These mountings, sitting on the dipping oceanic plate, hinder its motion due to coupling with asperities on the bottom of the island plate. When coupling ends, the bottom of the plate can be cut as if by a plough and an earthquake can take place. The decoupling of a mountain leads to a weaker interpolate earthquake, a forshock, and an aftershock. The main earthquake is a result of the effect of a basaltic plateau or a large mountain, which leads to the avalanching decoupling of all mountains on a large area of coupled plates. In the first approximation we can consider that, despite its deformation, an oceanic plate is constantly moving with a nearly constant velocity all times both during earthquakes and in between them. An island plate behaves similarly to an elastic plate, which permanently bends due to torque acting on its junction with a dipping oceanic plate. After the earthquake, the bending plate becomes straight. This leads to it thrusting on the oceanic plate with displacement toward the ocean, an uplift of its oceanic part, and the sinking of its island part by the following tsunami. 相似文献
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J.C.C. Henriques M.F.P. Lopes M.C. Lopes L.M.C. Gato A. Dente 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(11-12):1331-1337
Eddy current brakes provide a versatile way of simulating the power take-off system (PTO) in model testing of small scale wave energy converters (WECs). This type of PTO simulator is based on the principle that a conductive material moving in a magnetic field generates a braking force proportional to its velocity. A bottom-hinged pitching plate WEC model has been designed using an eddy current brake as a PTO simulator. A dedicated electric current source unit was developed to provide a controllable and reliable level of DC current intensity to feed the magnetic field generating coils. Using a real-time data acquisition and control, this unit can be used to impose non-linear damping PTO characteristic curves in several types of WEC models based on eddy current brakes. In the present case, this current source has been used to simulate a constant damping PTO on a small scale pitching WEC model that has been tested in the IST wave flume. Two different cases were considered: one corresponding to a surface piercing plate and another to a fully submerged plate. Experimental results are presented for plate motion and for non-dimensional capture width. 相似文献
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通过综合分析南沙海域地质地球物理资料,依照板块理论的层块思想,对南沙板内新生代沉积基底构造特征进行了剖析。在南沙板内划分出了南薇-安渡和礼乐-半月两套倾滑-层滑-走滑基底断裂系统及其所围限的相应的基底层块。从多元动力成因观出发,分析了南沙板内盆地的成因机制,提出中壳塑流作用是南沙板内盆地的主要成因动力。根据动力作用方式的不同,划分了南薇-安渡、费信-南华、礼乐-北巴拉望3个主要的板内盆地群。分别就南薇-安渡、礼乐-北巴拉望板内盆地群的成盆机制提出了“基底层块对向倾滑-拆离”和“基底层块单向倾滑-拆离”模式。本研究对全球构造分析和南沙海域油气资源勘查具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The Azores Archipelago is believed to be the site of the third arm of a Triple Junction between the Eurasia/Africa/North America plates. However, to the present no study has been able to identify its segmentation pattern, the spreading mechanism and its relationship with the well-known topographic features of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Here we present a new gravity compilation obtained with the existing National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) data, merged with new gravity profiles collected during the ESCAPE cruise in 1995. This compilation is used to calculate a Free Air Anomaly (FAA) map, which is used to test two different models, the Mantle Bouguer Anomaly model and the elastic plate model, for the study of the thermal regime of the Terceira Axis. The analysis of the results from both models demonstrates that the elastic plate model successfully models the gravity data from the Azores Plateau and that there is no gravity evidence for the existence of a spreading axis. The elastic plate thickness Te, with a value of 7–8 km, suggests a very young lithosphere (about 10 Ma) at the time of the load of the Azores Plateau. 相似文献
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A modified three-parameter model of turbulence for a thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is presented. The model is based on tensor-invariant parametrizations for the pressure-strain and pressure-temperature correlations that are more complete than the parametrizations used in the Mellor-Yamada model of level 3.0. The turbulent momentum and heat fluxes are calculated with explicit algebraic models obtained with the aid of symbol algebra from the transport equations for momentum and heat fluxes in the approximation of weakly equilibrium turbulence. The turbulent transport of heat and momentum fluxes is assumed to be negligibly small in this approximation. The three-parameter E ? ε ? 2> model of thermally stratified turbulence is employed to obtain closed-form algebraic expressions for the fluxes. A computational test of a 24-h ABL evolution is implemented for an idealized two-dimensional region. Comparison of the computed results with the available observational data and other numerical models shows that the proposed model is able to reproduce both the most important structural features of the turbulence in an urban canopy layer near the urbanized ABL surface and the effect of urban roughness on a global structure of the fields of wind and temperature over a city. The results of the computational test for the new model indicate that the motion of air in the urban canopy layer is strongly influenced by mechanical factors (buildings) and thermal stratification. 相似文献