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1.
不同氮磷比对中肋骨条藻和威氏海链藻生长特性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
实验室条件下用不同氮磷摩尔比(4:1,16:1,64:1)的培养液培养中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii,对它们的比生长率、细胞状态、细胞对外界氮磷营养元素的吸收和细胞内氮磷比的变化进行了研究.结果表明,氮磷比显著影响两种硅藻的生长和生理状态,氮浓度对细胞生长的影响更大.N限制组(N:P=4:1)的比生长率、细胞数量和叶绿素a含量明显低于正常条件和P限制组(N;P=64:1);威氏海链藻生长对N的变化比中肋骨条藻更为敏感,吸收外界无机氮的速率更快.营养盐充足的情况下,水体中藻细胞的氮磷比变化会较小,但由于"奢侈消费"现象的存在,在出现营养盐限制时,细胞的氮磷比组成会跟随环境的氮磷比改变,在氮限制的条件下,细胞的氮磷比会相应减少,而相反在磷限制的条件下,细胞的氮磷比会明显增加.  相似文献   

2.
本文研究以3种典型重金属离子镉(Cd~(2+))、铜(Cu~(2+))和锌(Zn~(2+)),在不同浓度下对威氏海链藻(Conticribra weissflogii)在生长、光系统Ⅱ最大光能转化效率和油脂含量方面的影响,为重金属离子在海洋微藻生理方面的毒性以及油脂合成的影响提供了新的结果。3种重金属离子Cd~(2+)(2mg/L)、Cu~(2+)(2mg/L)和Zn~(2+)(1mg/L)在低浓度下对威氏海链藻的生长速率影响与对照组相比无显著差异,当Cd~(2+)5mg/L,Cu~(2+)5mg/L或Zn~(2+)10mg/L后,3种重金属便显著抑制威氏海链藻的生长速率。重金属Zn~(2+)对威氏海链藻的光系统II最大光能转化效率F_v/F_m影响较小。威氏海链藻在30mg/L Zn~(2+)影响下光系统Ⅱ最大光能转化效率F_v/F_m仍能达到(0.21±0.01),而Cd~(2+)或Cu~(2+)5mg/L时完全抑制了威氏海链藻的光系统Ⅱ最大光能转化效率。0.5mg/L Zn~(2+)对威氏海链藻的油脂含量有显著促进作用,油脂含量达到对照组1.2倍,其余金属离子浓度均无法有效促进威氏海链藻油脂的积累。  相似文献   

3.
通过室内纯培养,研究了营养盐亏缺以及解除亏缺对威氏海链藻 ( Thalassiosira weissflogii ) 的细胞形态、细胞增殖、胞内蛋白质、可溶性糖含量变化的影响,考察了藻细胞生长和生化组成的恢复情况.结果表明,在多种营养盐亏缺 ( N 亏缺、P 亏缺、Si 亏缺、N + P 亏缺、贫营养 ) 的条件下,威氏海链藻生长受到不同程度的抑制,全部受试细胞形态均出现不同程度变异,细胞增殖显著低于正常营养供给.恢复营养,细胞形态的损伤能得以有效恢复,细胞增殖能力得以一定程度的有限恢复,其中氮、磷亏缺的恢复效应最为明显.营养盐亏缺,各处理组细胞生化组成显著低于正常培养状态.恢复营养,氮、磷亏缺组藻细胞生化组成仍显著低于正常营养供给,生化组成的恢复效应不明显,生理活性无法恢复,而硅盐亏缺的藻细胞生长和生化组成均能恢复到正常水平.实验证明,微藻细胞的生化组成比形态变化与增殖更能反映营养盐亏缺,可作为微藻受氮、磷营养盐限制的指标.  相似文献   

4.
威氏海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)属沿海中心硅藻纲,是海洋硅藻的模式种之一。实验探讨氮营养盐(硝酸盐,N,c(N)分别为8.0,16.0,32.0,64.0μmol/L)、石油烃(0号柴油分散液,WAFs,c(WAFs)分别为0,0.1,0.5,1.0,5.0 mg/L)、抗生素(土霉素,c(OTC)分别为,0,1.0,3.0,5.0,10.0 mg/L)等3类近海常见污染物对威氏海链藻细胞生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,3类近海常见污染物对藻生长(即藻细胞密度)、叶绿素a合成、蛋白质生成、藻细胞抗氧化能力(即超氧化物歧化酶活性)、脂质过氧化(即丙二醛含量)的影响程度分别为WAFsNOTC、NOTCWAFs、NWAFsOTC、WAFsNOTC、OTCNWAFs;影响程度的差异,揭示了近海各污染物的毒性作用机制及靶位不同。  相似文献   

5.
为探究多胺对硅藻生长的影响,以精胺、亚精胺、腐胺、尸胺和苯乙胺为外源多胺,对角毛藻Chaetoceros sp.、小新月菱形藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin以及威氏海链藻Conticribra weissflogii进行室内添加培养。结果表明:同一温度下,不同多胺对不同硅藻生长存在特异性差异。亚精胺对角毛藻的生长起促进作用;尸胺对小新月菱形藻起促生长作用,而精胺对小新月菱形藻起抑生长作用;多胺对威氏海链藻生长前期(13 d前)主要起促生长作用,后期起抑生长作用(13 d后)。因此,适时适量添加多胺可有效促进硅藻的生长,提高硅藻的繁殖效率。  相似文献   

6.
根据2005年4-5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对大亚湾大鹏澳海区表层的现场调查结合营养盐加富实验,探讨了不同季节氮(NO3-或脲氮 (urea))和无机磷(PO43-)营养元素对浮游植物种类组成的潜在影响。大鹏澳海区浮游植物优势种有明显季节变化,秋季种类组成的平面变化最明显。春季浮游植物平均细胞密度最高但多样性指数最低。实验结果显示,春季至夏季浮游植物优势种翼根管藻模式变型Rhizosolenia alata f. genuina、丹麦细柱藻Leptocylindrus danicus和绕孢角毛藻Chaetoceros cinctus之间的演替可能受氮、磷条件变化的控制。夏季优势种菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides和威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii之间的演替可能受营养条件外的因素控制。尽管磷被认为是该海区浮游植物生长的主要限制因子,但夏季无机氮磷比值较高的实验组中未出现磷限制现象,无机氮磷比值的变化对浮游植物种类组成也没有显著影响,而秋季氮对浮游植物种类组成有较明显的潜在影响。  相似文献   

7.
近年来,随着人类工业活动的增多及强淋溶性酸雨的频繁出现,大量的铝被输入到海洋中,导致海水环境中铝浓度的急剧增加。由于可溶性铝对绝大多数水生生物具有生物毒害性,其浓度的增加势必将影响到水生生物,尤其是对环境变化较为敏感的水生植物等的生命活动及其所涉及的元素地球化学循环作用。作为全球生产力的主要贡献者,硅藻提供了40%的海洋初级生产力,并通过“生物泵”作用,调控着全球碳循环。海水中铝浓度的增加,是否将影响其生物作用及其固碳能力,尚不清楚。基于上述问题,本研究通过对近海典型硅藻(威氏海链藻)的实验室富铝培养,以探讨可溶性铝浓度对该硅藻的生物活性、生产力及其所驱动的碳元素的生物地球化学循环的影响及机制。结果表明:当海洋环境中铝浓度略有升高时(≤50 nmol/L),海链藻未发现有铝毒害产生,其初级生产力反而有所提高。然而,不同铝浓度条件下,海链藻的固碳能力表现出明显差异:在铝浓度为20 nmol/L时,海链藻的固碳能力较之未添加铝时有显著提高。对铝迁移的研究发现,环境中的铝可被硅藻通过生物作用捕获,并用于其硅质壳体的构建。上述结果表明,海水中铝浓度对于硅藻的生命活动有显著影响,也可以影响硅藻的固碳能力,进而影响到硅藻在全球海洋“生物泵”中的作用。  相似文献   

8.
通过研究硝基苯和间苯二酚对海洋微藻的毒理效应,旨在提示化工废水污染对水环境破坏的严重性,揭示海洋微藻类净化废水的潜在应用。本试验用塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)和绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)为供试藻种,以微藻生长量及叶绿素 a 的变化为参数,研究不同质量浓度的硝基苯和间苯二酚对3种海洋微藻的毒理效应。结果表明:硝基苯对塔玛藻和巴夫藻的生长具有一定的抑制作用,质量浓度为12mg/L时抑制率分别为22.9%和20.04%,但对海链藻的生长在一定程度上有促进作用。间苯二酚对海链藻和巴夫藻的生长具有抑制作用,质量浓度为12mg/L 时其抑制率分别为26.11%和23.6%,对塔玛亚历山大藻的生长有一定的促进作用。对塔玛亚历山大藻和巴夫藻而言,在硝基苯质量浓度为3mg/L 时,叶绿素 a 含量均达到最低,其叶绿素 a含量分别为对照组的68.6%和50.9%,对于海链藻,硝基苯对其叶绿素a的影响波动不大。间苯二酚对3种海洋微藻叶绿素 a 含量的影响为绿色巴夫藻>海链藻>塔玛亚历山大藻,其叶绿素 a 含量分别是对照组的1.1%,24.9%,88%。  相似文献   

9.
通过设定不同的氮(N)、磷(P)浓度一次性培养东海原甲藻,研究了该藻的生长状况及不同生长阶段单位细胞DNA,RNA及蛋白质含量的变化,结果表明,不同氮磷浓度对东海原甲藻的生长产生显著影响,最终生物量与初始的氮磷浓度呈正相关,不同培养组的最大生长率存在显著差异(P<0.05);DNA含量与培养液中氮浓度相关性极显著(P<0.01),但与磷浓度相关性不显著(P>0.05);RNA含量与氮磷浓度均呈极显著相关(P<0.01),而且在不同的生长阶段其含量也会发生变化,随着培养时间的延长,各培养组的RNA含量显著下降(P<0.05);RNA/DNA比值与氮磷浓度均显著相关(P<0.05),而且与生长率呈线性相关关系。培养液中氮浓度显著影响到东海原甲藻单位细胞总蛋白含量,磷缺乏也会使总蛋白含量显著降低。  相似文献   

10.
采用铜藻(Sargassum horneri)幼苗为实验对象,分别以Na NO3和Na H2PO4为氮源和磷源,研究了不同氮磷质量浓度及氮磷配比对铜藻幼苗生长的影响。进行了氮、磷单因子实验、双因子实验以及不同氮磷配比实验,实验时间为8d。结果表明:氮和磷对铜藻幼苗生长影响极显著(P0.01),且当氮、磷的质量浓度分别为8mg/L、0.4mg/L时,铜藻幼苗的特定生长率最大;交互作用影响不显著(P0.05),不同质量浓度的氮为主效应;不同氮磷质量浓度比影响极显著(P0.01),且当氮磷比为10:1时,铜藻幼苗的特定生长率最大。研究结果为铜藻幼苗培育过程中营养盐的合理调控提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
氮磷营养盐与有机汞联合作用对微氏海链藻生长的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
探讨在高营养盐(氮、磷、硅分别为浮游植物生长的营养盐阚值≥40、50、9倍)条件下,氮浓度及氮磷摩尔比值[n(N)/n(P)]变化、汞(甲基汞和乙基汞)对微氏海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)生长的影响。结果表明,高营养盐区海链藻的生长遵循营养盐限制的唯一因子论;氮浓度和氮磷比提高促进生长,当n(N)/n(P)=64则呈抑制效应;生长初期,甲基汞和乙基汞均产生毒性抑制作用,生长中后期,适量甲基汞(浓度≤1.0μg/L)、乙基汞(浓度≤0.5μg/L)却呈兴奋效应,促进生长;汞形态不同,剂量-效应关系不同。氮和有机汞是海链藻生长的刺激因子。适度有机汞污染与氮富营养化对微氏海链藻的生长产生协同效应。  相似文献   

12.
于2009年至2011年在黄河下游采集溶解及颗粒态营养盐样品,分析了黄河下游各形态营养盐的浓度变化及营养盐入海通量,结果表明各形态氮的浓度多呈丰水期低、枯水期高,溶解无机氮是溶解态氮的主要存在形式;受黄河高悬浮颗粒物含量的影响,磷以颗粒态占绝对优势,而溶解态磷以溶解无机磷为主要存在形态;生物硅的含量平均约占硅酸盐与生物硅之和的20%,硅的浓度丰水期高于枯水期.颗粒态磷与生物硅的含量与悬浮颗粒物含量呈正相关.营养盐的组成具有高氮磷比、高硅磷比、低硅氮比的特点.近年来黄河下游溶解无机氮浓度显著升高而溶解无机磷变化不大,硅酸盐的浓度有所下降.黄河下游水沙通量、营养盐入海通量有明显的季节变化,丰水期占全年总入海通量的42%~84%.调水调沙期间,各营养盐的浓度和组成均有明显变化,氮的浓度、DIN/PO4-P下降,磷与硅的浓度、SiO3-Si/DIN、SiO3-Si/PO4-P升高,颗粒态营养盐的比例明显增加.短期内大量水沙及营养盐入海通量对黄河口及渤海生态系统产生重要影响.  相似文献   

13.
We report the first application of a biogeochemical model in which the major elemental composition of the phytoplankton is flexible, and responds to changing light and nutrient conditions. The model includes two phytoplankton groups: diatoms and non-siliceous picoplankton. Both fix C in accordance with photosynthesis-irradiance relationships used in other models and take up NO3 and NH4+ (and Si(OH)4 for diatoms) following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The model allows for light dependence of photosynthesis and NO3 uptake, and for the observed near-total light independence of NH4+ uptake and Si(OH)4 uptake. It tracks the resulting C/N ratios of both phytoplankton groups and Si/N ratio of diatoms, and permits uptake of C, N and Si to proceed independently of one another when those ratios are close to those of nutrient-replete phytoplankton. When the C/N or Si/N ratio of either phytoplankton group indicates that its growth is limited by N, Si or light, uptake of non-limiting elements is controlled by the content of the limiting element in accordance with the cell-quota formulation of Droop (J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K 54 (1974) 825).We applied this model to the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the western Sargasso Sea. The model was tuned to produce vertical profiles and time courses of [NO3], [NH4+] and [Si(OH)4] that are consistent with the data, by adjusting the kinetic parameters for N and Si uptake and the rate of nitrification. The model then reproduces the observed time courses of chlorophyll-a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, biogenic silica, primary productivity, biogenic silica production and POC export with no further tuning. Simulated C/N and Si/N ratios of the phytoplankton indicate that N is the main growth-limiting nutrient throughout the thermally stratified period and that [Si(OH)4], although always limiting to the rate of Si uptake by diatoms, seldom limits their growth rate. The model requires significant nitrification in the upper 200 m to yield realistic time courses and vertical profiles of [NH4+] and [NO3], suggesting that NO3 is not supplied to the upper water column entirely by physical processes. A nitrification-corrected f-ratio (fNC), calculated for the upper 200 m as: (NO3 uptake—nitrification)/(NO3 uptake+NH4+ uptake) has annual values ranging from only 0.05–0.09, implying that 90–95% of the N taken up annually by phytoplankton is supplied by biological regeneration (including nitrification) in the upper 200 m. Reported discrepancies between estimates of organic C export based on seasonal chemical changes and POC export measured at the BATS site can be almost completely resolved if there is significant regeneration of NO3 via organic-matter decomposition in the upper 200 m.  相似文献   

14.
本实验以新月菱形藻为受试生物,研究了低浓度不同粒径TiO2颗粒(21nm、60nm和400nm)对海洋微藻生长、抗氧化酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT和过氧化物酶POD)、脂质过氧化产物(MDA)含量的影响,并测定了相应的活性氧自由基(ROS)的含量,初步探讨了TiO2颗粒对海洋微藻的作用机制。结果表明,1mg/L TiO2颗粒对新月菱形藻生长的抑制作用随着粒径的减小而逐渐增强,第48h、72h、96h呈现出显著的纳米效应。TiO2颗粒可以诱导藻细胞内ROS的含量增加,对藻细胞产生氧化胁迫,新月菱形藻的抗氧化酶活性发生应激响应,以清除过量的ROS,但剩余的ROS对藻细胞产生氧化损伤,导致MDA含量升高,并且纳米级TiO2颗粒对新月菱形藻的氧化损伤大于微米级颗粒。在不同粒径TiO2颗粒的胁迫下,藻细胞SOD和CAT活性的响应也存在差异。本研究将为开展人工纳米材料对海洋生态系统影响的潜在风险评估提供科学依据。  相似文献   

15.
杨建斌  姚鹏  张晓华 《海洋学报》2020,42(10):132-143
生源要素是海洋初级生产的基础,其在海洋环境中的循环受到多种物理、化学和生物过程的影响,对其浓度分布、结构特点及影响因素的认识是理解海洋生态系统动力学的基础。于2019年2月在南海北部神狐海域进行了现场考察和海水样品采集,对海水中的溶解态无机营养盐浓度进行了分析,并结合温度、盐度、叶绿素a(Chl a)、pH和溶解氧(DO)等水文环境参数,研究了神狐海域海水中营养盐浓度与结构的分布特征及影响因素等。在0~30 m的海水中各营养盐浓度均很低,随着深度的增加,营养盐浓度逐渐增大。在水深3 000 m左右处,无机氮、磷酸盐和硅酸盐浓度分别达到了38.02 μmol/L、2.71 μmol/L和149.07 μmol/L。温度、pH和DO与各营养盐浓度均具有显著的相关性,表明环境因素影响着营养盐的生物地球化学过程。此外,在75 m深度,研究区域东北方向的站位营养盐浓度相对较低,并呈现向西南方向逐渐增大的变化趋势,可能与高温、高盐和低营养盐的黑潮水入侵有关。根据端元混合模型计算所得保守混合浓度与实测值的差值显示,在75 m深度硅酸盐和磷酸盐以生物消耗为主,而硝酸盐存在添加。随磷酸盐浓度增加,各站位无机氮浓度呈线性升高,但硅酸盐浓度则以幂函数式升高,表明不同营养盐之间再生速率和再利用效率有所不同。神狐海域的N/P比与Si/N比和Si/P比呈现出截然相反的变化趋势。在0~30 m,N/P比较小而Si/N比和Si/P比较大;在75 m,受不同生物作用影响,N/P比变大,Si/N比和Si/P比变小;在75 m以下N/P比逐渐降低至14.44,而Si/N比和Si/P比则逐渐升高;在1 000 m以下,各营养盐比例均保持稳定。氮异常指数的计算结果显示,神狐海域300 m以上的海水中固氮作用强于反硝化作用,而300 m以下反硝化作用增强。神狐海域营养盐浓度与结构的分布特征表明黑潮入侵和生物活动显著影响了此区域营养盐的生物地球化学过程。  相似文献   

16.
High-sensitivity (nanomolar) techniques for nitrate and phosphate were applied to study nutrient patterns in the euphotic zone of mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea during the EDDIES project. Surface concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite (DNN) and phosphate (DIP) were found in the range of 1–20 nM with substantial spatial variability in the eddies, with resulting mean N:P molar ratios of 2.1. Chlorophyll biomass was well correlated with DNN but not DIP in the upper euphotic zone, suggesting N-limitation of marine phytoplankton at this time of year. Within the upper 140 m, the water column experienced a transition from a P-enriched (relative to Redfield ratio) shallow layer to a N-enriched deep layer, which may suggest downward transport and subsequent remineralization of high N/P biogenic products presumably originating from N2 fixation. Chlorophyll biomass in the deep chlorophyll maximum of eddies was found to be tightly related to eddy–induced variability in major nutrients (N, P, Si) and nutrient stoichiometry, suggesting that the impact of eddies on biology is through control of nutrient availability. Because the eddies were likely to be in various phases of development (different degrees of both biological and physical maturity), full interpretation of eddy data and dynamics will require better coverage of a full eddy life cycle.  相似文献   

17.
The seasonal dynamics of inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a), and its relation with hydrological features, was studied in the NW Alboran Sea during four cruises conducted in February, April, July and October 2002. In the upper layers, the seasonal pattern of nutrient concentrations and their molar ratios (N:Si:P) was greatly influenced by hydrological conditions. The higher nutrient concentrations were observed during the spring cruise (2.54 μM NO3, 0.21 μM PO43− and 1.55 μM Si(OH)4, on average), coinciding with the increase of salinity due to upwelling induced by westerlies. The lowest nutrient concentrations were observed during summer (<0.54 μM NO3, 0.13 μM PO43− and 0.75 μM Si(OH)4, on average), when the lower salinities were detected. Nutrient molar ratios (N:Si:P) followed the same seasonal pattern as nutrient distribution. During all the cruises, the ratio N:P in the top 20 m was lower than 16:1, indicating a NO3 deficiency relative to PO43−. The N:P ratio increased with depth, reaching values higher than 16:1 in the deeper layers (200–300 m). The N:Si ratio in the top 20 m was lower than 1:1, excepting during spring when N:Si ratios higher than 1:1 were observed in some stations due to the upwelling event. The N:Si ratio increased with depth, showing a maximum at 50–100 m (>1.5:1), which indicates a shift towards Si-deficiency in these layers. The Si:P ratio was much lower than 16:1 throughout the water column during the four cruises. In general, the spatial and seasonal variation of phytoplankton biomass showed a strong coupling with hydrological and chemical fields. The higher chlorophyll a concentrations at the depth of the chlorophyll maximum were found in April (2.57 mg m−3 on average), while the lowest phytoplankton biomass corresponded to the winter cruise (0.74 mg m−3 on average). The low nitrate concentrations together with the low N:P ratios found in the upper layers (top 20 m) during the winter, summer and autumn cruises suggest that N-limitation could occur in these layers during great part of the year. However, N-limitation during the spring cruise was temporally overcome by nutrient enrichment caused by an intense wind-driven upwelling event.  相似文献   

18.
The influences of macronutrient enrichment on iron absorption, adsorption, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of iron by coastal diatoms were examined. In addition, the distribution of different iron size fractions in seawater in relation to two diatom species exposed to nutrient enrichment over an extended period (6 days for Thalassiosira weissflogii, and 4 days for Skeletonema costatum), was investigated. Iron concentrations were measured of seven size fractions: particles (>0.4 μm), colloidal particles (0.4 μm–100, 100–50, 50–30, 30–10, 10–3 kDa), and soluble species (<3 kDa).The absorption, adsorption, uptake, BCF of iron by the diatoms, and the iron species distribution in seawater were affected by the diatom species, as well as the nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) concentration. The addition of P could affect the iron internalization strategy. The content of soluble iron species was positively correlated with the amount of iron absorption by T. weissflogii, but it was not suitable for S. costatum.  相似文献   

19.
海洋中生源活性气体的来源与迁移转化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
杨桂朋  张洪海 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):14-21
海洋生源活性气体主要包括二甲基硫(DMS)、甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)、一氧化碳(CO)、挥发性卤代烃(VHCs)和非甲烷烃(NMHCs)等。它们通过海-气交换进入大气,不仅在全球碳、氮和硫循环中发挥关键作用,而且会直接或间接地对环境和气候变化产生重要影响。海洋释放的活性气体一类属于温室效应气体(CH4、N2O、VHCs和CO等),另一类会在大气中发生化学反应,控制着大气氧化平衡和臭氧浓度(VHCs和NMHCs)。而DMS属于负温室效应气体,其在大气中被快速氧化形成硫酸盐气溶胶,进而对云的形成和辐射强迫产生重要影响。本文综述了国内外海洋生源活性气体的研究现状,着重介绍了DMS、CH4和N2O的来源、迁移转化、海-气通量及其影响机制,并指明了该领域存在的科学问题及今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

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