共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 101 毫秒
1.
对传统可拆式板式换热器进行了改良,以适用于海洋温差能发电系统工况,并对改良后的板式换热器进行了理论数值分析。研建了海洋温差发电系统测试平台,对系统内的换热器换热特性进行测试,在不同工况下对换热器换热特性进行了实验研究,得到了板式换热器瞬态运行特性,同时还得到了换热器换热特性随热流密度的变化曲线及压降随工质流量的变化关系。结合实验数据拟合了换热器换热特性经验关联式和压降随工质流量关联式,预测值和实验值偏差均在20%以内。结果表明:在实验系统运行工况范围内,换热器的换热系数随着热流密度的增加而增大,当热流密度大于3 kW/m2时,换热系数随热流密度变化的曲线斜率变小;换热器压降随着工质流量增大而增加,压降随工质流量变化的曲线斜率变大。 相似文献
2.
Chih Wu 《Ocean Engineering》1987,14(4)
Maximum power and efficiency at the maximum power of an irreversible OTEC heat engine are treated. When time is explicitly considered in the energy exchanges between the heat engine and its surroundings, it is found that there is a bound on the efficiency of the real OTEC heat engine at the maximum power condition. This bound can guide the evaluation of existing OTEC systems or influence design of future OTEC heat engines. 相似文献
3.
H. Searl Dunn 《Ocean Engineering》1977,4(1):23-39
The optimum performance of a simple Rankine cycle ocean thermal energy conversion plant is investigated analytically. It is shown that the ratio of maximum net power output to heat exchanger surface area varies as H(Δt − t0)2 where H describes the overall heat transfer properties of the evaporator and condenser, Δt is the temperature difference between the warm and cold sea water supplies, and t0 is a parameter depending primarily upon the pressure drops across the warm and cold sea water pumping systems. The model is relatively insensitive to the choice of working fluid, although ammonia is used as the illustrative example. 相似文献
4.
5.
针对海洋温差能可利用温差小,利用效率低的问题,本文提出了一种采用非共沸混合工质的新型海洋温差能回热循环,并基于热力学定律对提出的热力循环进行热力学分析。选取蒸发压力、工质的质量分数作为变量,对提出的热力循环进行热力学分析研究。研究结果表明:以工质质量分数为变量时,循环热效率和系统净输出随蒸发压力的增加先增大后减小,系统热效率在工质质量分数为0.91时取得最大值5.28%,净输出功在浓度为0.96时取得最大值3.83 kW。以蒸发压力为变量时,循环热效率和系统净输出随工质质量分数的增大先增大后减小,系统热效率在蒸发压力为0.595 MPa时取得最大值5.26%,净输出功在压力为0.58 MPa时取得最大值3.57 kW。在相同运行控制参数下与Uehara循环、Yoon循环进行对比,提出的循环系统热效率最佳。提出的热力循环系统分析结果可对提高海洋温差能利用效率提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
6.
根据海洋温差能转换(OTEC)工艺过程的特点,分析了海洋温差能开发对海洋生态环境的特殊影响。认为大流量吸排水形成的大尺度水团在海洋中的重新分布,致使厂址周边海水的层化结构和环流结构以及海水盐度、溶解氧和营养水平等参数发生变化,进而对海洋环境造成很大改变,形成了OTEC技术特殊的环境影响方式。还着重分析了羽状流对初级生产力的影响,以及卷载和冲击对海洋生物的影响,分析归纳了海洋温差能开发生态环境影响的关键评价因子,对下一步的研究重点提出了建议。为未来开展洋温差能开发以及全面评价海洋温差能开发造成的生态环境影响提供技术参考。 相似文献
7.
Grard C. Nihous 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(17-18):2210-2221
An interhemispheric box model of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) is modified by replacing the tropical box with two vertically resolved sub-domains. Seawater flows from large-scale ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) are allowed in one of the tropical sub-domains. Under present conditions and standardized OTEC operations, steady-state net power production density would reach a maximum of about 80 kW/km2 (corresponding to 1.8 TW) with a cold seawater withdrawal per unit area of about 14 m/yr. This maximum reflects the impact of large OTEC flows on the oceanic thermal structure, although the THC would not be significantly affected. It is larger than a recently suggested worldwide value of the order of 30 kW/km2 because of the relative strength of the Atlantic THC. Under asymmetric high-latitude warming scenarios potentially representative of current climatic trends, a substantial weakening or a reversal of the THC are possible. In the former case, recoverable OTEC resources could practically vanish. In the latter case, the emergence of a stronger reverse THC eventually could boost OTEC resources. Such events are hypothetical and would unfold over centuries, but the mere possibility of their occurrence challenges the accepted notion that OTEC resources are forever renewable. 相似文献
8.
海洋温差能资源时空分布特征分析和总量估算是其开发利用及选址、设计的基础工作。本文通过研究海洋温度场的变化特征,结合信息熵理论,应用高斯分布函数,建立了一种新的海洋温差能资源评估算法,即海洋温差熵(ocean temperature differences entropy, OTDE)算法,提出了表征温差时空变异特征的海洋温差熵作为评估参数,并结合中国南海海域开展了温差在不同时间尺度和空间范围上不确定性变化的定量研究。结果表明:中国南海榆亚暗沙、黄岩岛附近海域的海洋温差时空分布较稳定、资源可预测性强,是海洋温差能开发建址的理想区域,可为今后南海温差能资源评估及电站选址提供技术参考。 相似文献
9.
An investigation has been made of available data on the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate and its possible significance for scale formation on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) heat exchangers. Pertinent oceanographic data is lacking at or near potential OTEC sites for the calculation of the degree of saturation of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate. Consequently, only “extrapolated” saturation values can be used. These indicate that near surface seawater is probably supersaturated, with respect to the calcium carbonate phases calcite and aragonite, at all potential OTEC sites. The deep seawater that would be brought to the surface at the potential Atlantic Ocean sites is also likely to be supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. The deep seawater at the potential Pacific Ocean sites may be slightly undersaturated.The fact that OTEC heat exchangers will be operating in seawater, which is supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate, means that if nucleation of calcite or aragonite occurs on the heat exchanger surfaces, significant growth rates of calcium carbonate scale may be expected. The potential for calcium carbonate nucleation is highest at cathodic metal surface locations, which are produced as the result of aluminum corrosion in seawater. Consequently, corrosion and scale formation may be closely related. What the possible effects of biofouling may be on this process are not known. 相似文献
10.
海洋温差发电有机朗肯循环工质选择 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了筛选出适宜于海洋温差热力发电有机朗肯循环的工质.采用PR状态方程计算11种低沸点有机流体工质在闭式海洋温差有机朗肯循环中的热力性能.结果表明,随着工质临界温度升高,循环热效率总体呈上升趋势.正丁烷具有较高的循环热效率,其蒸发压力较低、凝汽压力比较适中,比较适合用作海洋温差发电有机朗肯循环的工质. 相似文献
11.
海水可作为海洋石油平台热泵系统的冷热源,适宜的低温海水也可直接作为空调冷源。海水直接供冷系统可以通过海水变频泵或定流量海水泵抽取不同深度的海水,达到负荷变化的目的。探讨了空调系统中换热器、海水泵、海水输送管道、室内风管等材料的选择问题,提出海洋石油平台空调系统应采用中央空调机组集中送风。为了提高空调系统的可靠性,应采用换热器将海水与热泵机组或空调机组隔离开。 相似文献
12.
The paper shows that, by virtue of the specific water circulation in the south-eastern Indian Ocean, thermal influx within
the 0–200 m layer exceeds the efflux by 13.5×1015 MJ per year, which, being recalculated for the entire area, is equivalent to about 2200 MJ m−2. Computations of the heat fluxes through the sea surface in that part of the ocean indicate that thermal efflux to the atmosphere
is larger than the influx of solar heat by about 1500 (on average, for the entire area), rather than by 2200 MJ m−2 per year. Hence, about 700 MJm−2 penetrate through the lower boundary of the layer and warm up the deeper ocean layers.
Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
13.
Owen M. Griffin 《Ocean Engineering》1981,8(2):129-209
Vortex-excited oscillations of marine structures result in reduced fatigue life, large hydrodynamic forces and induced stresses, and sometimes lead to structural damage and to destructive failures. The cold water pipe of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant is nominally a bluff, flexible cylinder with a large aspect ratio (L/D = length/diameter), and is likely to be susceptible to resonant vortex-excited oscillations. The objective of this paper is to survey recent results pertaining to the vortex-excited oscillations of structures in general and to consider the application of these findings to the design of the OTEC cold water pipe. Practical design calculations are given as examples throughout the various sections of the report.This paper is limited in scope to the problems of vortex shedding from bluff, flexible structures in steady currents and the resulting vortex-excited oscillations. The effects of flow non-uniformities, surface roughness of the cylinder, and inclination to the incident flow are considered in addition to the case of a smooth cylinder in a uniform stream. Emphasis is placed upon design procedures, hydrodynamic coefficients applicable in practice, and the specification of structural response parameters relevant to the OTEC cold water pipe. There are important problems associated with the shedding of vortices from cylinders in waves and from the combined action of waves and currents, but these complex fluid/structure interactions are not considered in this paper. 相似文献
14.
The impact of spatiotemporal variability of the ice-covered area in the Arctic on the value and interannual dynamics of turbulent heat fluxes on the ocean–atmosphere border is considered. An expected inverse dependence of the heat fluxes integrated over the Arctic area and the area of ice is not detected. The largest interannual oscillations of heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere are timed to the varying position of the ice edge and, to a lesser extent, are connected with total area of ice. The role of the marginal ice zone in oceanic heat transfer is analyzed. In particular, it is shown that while moving along the marginal zone from the ice-free surface to the surface with an ice concentration of 0.8, latent and sensible heat fluxes are reduced by a factor of 2.5–3. 相似文献
15.
浙江苍南电厂冷却水温排放的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
电厂排放的冷却水水量大且热量高,其排放的热水将引起周围水域水温的升高,导致不同程度的热污染.针对浙江苍南电厂附近海域水流和污染物的对流扩散特点,采用MIKE21软件对电厂温排水进行数值模拟,分析不同潮型、不同流量及不同季节下的最大温升包络面积和取水口的温升变化.研究结果表明,电厂冷却水温排放的最大温升包络面积范围与流速和水深的关系密切.从本工程的情况来看,在高温升(4 ℃)区以保证率为97%的低水位潮型下的最大温升包络面积为最大,达0.69 km2,大潮、中潮和小潮相应的面积分别为0.63、0.66和0.48 km2;在低温升(0.5 ℃)区以小潮相应的面积为最大,达14.96 km2,中潮、大潮和保证率为97%的低水位潮型相应的面积分别为13.48、10.30和6.90 km2.温升包络面积与电厂冷却水的排放量不为线性关系.冬季电厂冷却水排放的温升包络面积大于夏季,冬季4 ℃温升包络面积是夏季的3倍,其它各级温升包络面积为夏季的1.1～1.4倍.由于取排水口被挡沙防浪堤隔开,故取水口区域的温升较小.研究成果可为电厂的建设提供依据. 相似文献
16.
Sea-ice retreat processes are examined in the Sea of Okhotsk. A heat budget analysis in the sea-ice zone shows that net heat
flux from the atmosphere at the water surface is about 77 W m−2 on average in the active ice melt season (April) due to large solar heating, while that at the ice surface is about 12 W m−2 because of the difference in surface albedo. The temporal variation of the heat input into the upper ocean through the open
water fraction corresponds well to that of the latent heat required for ice retreat. These results suggest that heat input
into the ice–upper ocean system from the atmosphere mainly occurs at the open water fraction, and this heat input into the
upper ocean is an important heat source for ice melting. The decrease in ice area in the active melt season (April) and the
geostrophic wind just before the melt season (March) show a correlation: the decrease is large when the offshoreward wind
is strong. This relationship can be explained by the following process. Once ice concentration is decreased (increased) by
the offshoreward (onshoreward) wind just before the melt season, solar heating of the upper ocean through the increased (decreased)
open water fraction is enhanced (reduced), leading to (suppressing) a further decrease in ice concentration. This positive
feedback is regarded as the ice–ocean albedo feedback, and explains in part the large interannual variability of the ice cover
in the ice melt season. 相似文献
17.
Revisiting ocean thermal energy conversion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Increasing concerns regarding oil spills, air pollution, and climate change associated with fossil fuel use have increased the urgency of the search for renewable, clean sources of energy. This assessment describes the potential of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) to produce not only clean energy but also potable water, refrigeration, and aquaculture products. Higher oil prices and recent technical advances have improved the economic and technical viability of OTEC, perhaps making this technology more attractive and feasible than in the past. Relatively high capital costs associated with OTEC may require the integration of energy, food, and water production security in small island developing states (SIDSs) to improve cost-effectiveness. Successful implementation of OTEC at scale will require the application of insights and analytical methods from economics, technology, materials engineering, marine ecology, and other disciplines as well as a subsidized demonstration plant to provide operational data at near-commercial scales. 相似文献
18.
The applicability of chlorine to control Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) biofouling was investigated.Onsite hypochlorite generation was found to be the preferred method of chlorination. The major fouling organisms of concern to OTEC are the microfouling organisms, that is, initial slime layers. However, macrofouling organisms may become a problem after several years of plant operation. Continuous low-level chlorination is more effective against hard-shelled macrofouling organisms and soft-shelled organisms, whereas intermittent chlorination will control slimes and soft-shelled organisms.Actual on-site experimentation is needed before effective doses and chlorination regimes can be recommended. The doses and regimes may vary depending upon whether the condenser and/or evaporator heat exchangers are chlorinated. 相似文献
19.
钱塘江河口的风暴潮预报工作可归结为澉浦或乍浦两个单站的预报,这使得经验预报成为可能。利用一种动力线性模型将动力学的线性问题转化为统计学的线性回归模型,通过合理选取预报量及预报因子,并采用正交筛选技术确定每个预报因子所对应的系数,建立经验预报方程。后报结果表明该方法可取得较好的效果。 相似文献
20.
The results of a simple theoretical model of axisymmetric withdrawal from a rotating stratified current are presented. A rotating stratified flume was used to test the validity of the theory. Good agreement was found and when the theory is applied to the fluid motion into an OTEC plant, it is found that when the current going by the plant is small, large vortices develop near the inlets. The torques on the plant due to these vortices and the degradation of temperature due to selective withdrawal processes are estimated to be potentially significant. 相似文献