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1.
对南海南部25个表层沉积样进行了生物硅的测定分析,试图揭示南海南部表层沉积生物硅的分布及其对现代海洋环境的指示意义,以便为古海洋学研究提供进一步的科学依据。研究发现,表层沉积物中生物硅含量与其所处水深呈显著正相关关系,相关系数达到0.782。陆架浅水区表层沉积物中生物硅含量非常低,不能反映表层水体中硅质生物生产力情况,这可能与沉积类型和陆源物质输入影响有关。深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明,其不仅能反映出表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平,而且还能指示上升流的强弱,从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度。研究结果还显示,在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重,这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。在有上升流发育的海域,放射虫、硅藻和海绵骨针基本上均表现出较高的丰度,这与高的生物硅含量相一致。  相似文献   

2.
南海南部表层沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对南海南部25个表层沉积样进行了生物硅的测定分析,试图揭示南海南部表层沉积生物硅的分布及其对现代海洋环境的指示意义,以便为古海洋学研究提供进一步的科学依据。研究发现,表层沉积物中生物硅含量与其所处水深呈显著正相关关系,相关系数达到0.782。陆架浅水区表层沉积物中生物硅含量非常低,不能反映表层水体中硅质生物生产力情况,这可能与沉积类型和陆源物质输入影响有关。深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明,其不仅能反映表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平,而且还能指示上升流的强弱,从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度。研究结果还显示,在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重,这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。在有上升流发育的海域,放射虫、硅藻和海绵骨针基本上表现出较高的丰度,这与高的生物硅含量相一致。  相似文献   

3.
文章建立了基于真实场驱动的三维物理—生态耦合模型, 利用模型定量分析了夏季南海北部上升流和羽状流过程对浮游植物生物量空间分布的影响程度及作用机制。首先, 利用2006—2008年卫星遥感数据及2006与2008年夏季观测数据对模型进行了验证, 结果表明, 模型能较好地再现夏季南海北部上升流和羽状流过程, 较好地反映出浮游植物的空间分布特征。模拟分析结果显示, 夏季南海北部浮游植物主要分布在50m等深线以内。琼州海峡东部海域和汕头海域浮游植物垂向分布较为均匀, 上升流的贡献均达到90%以上, 表层水平平流输送是浮游植物主要的汇, 生物过程是浮游植物的源。珠江口和汕尾海域浮游植物存在表层和次表层两个高值区, 羽状流贡献35%~40%, 主要促进表层浮游植物生长, 而上升流贡献60%~65%, 主要促进中底层浮游植物的生长。粤西海域上升流对浮游植物的贡献占92%, 主要促进中底层浮游植物生长, 而表层浮游植物浓度极低。整体上, 夏季南海北部上升流和羽状流主要是通过输送营养盐的方式影响浮游植物的生长。上升流对营养盐的输送作用是向岸方向的爬升输送和平行于等深线的沿岸流输送共同作用的结果。跃层的存在改变了营养盐的垂向输送过程, 是导致上升流和羽状流过程对不同水层浮游植物贡献差异的关键因素之一。整体而言, 夏季南海北部浮游植物空间分布差异是以上升流、羽状流主导, 环流—营养盐—生物过程共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

4.
多参数生物标记物法已被广泛用于重建浮游植物生产力和种群结构,研究了2003年夏季我国二次北极考察时采集的楚科奇海表层沉积物样品中浮游植物生物标志物的比例变化及其作为浮游植物种群结构替代指标的潜力。观测海区表层沉积物中菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮的总含量为20~3149 ng/g,平均值为1 010 ng/g,生物标志物总量分布表明南部的楚科奇陆架海域生产力明显高于北部海台区,不同站位的菜子甾醇和甲藻甾醇相对比例有明显变化,但都显示菜子甾醇占优势,楚科奇海陆架的站位中都是硅藻为主,菜子甾醇占生物标志物总量的比例为42%~74%,甲藻甾醇占生物标志物总量的比例为17%~37%,在海台区仍然是硅藻占优势,但是甲藻和颗石藻的比例有了很大的提高,加拿大海盆的4个站位中以甲藻和颗石藻为主,硅藻并非加拿大海盆的优势种群。这与用显微镜下鉴定得到的硅藻和甲藻分布趋势相似。研究结果为生物标志物作为浮游植物种群结果替代指标并为利用柱状样中的生物标志物研究古生态提供现代依据。  相似文献   

5.
多参数生物标志物法已被广泛用于重建浮游植物生产力和种群结构.但目前还缺乏这一应用的现代证据,尤其是西太平洋边缘海地区.文中作者对东/黄海的表层沉积物中的浮游植物生物标志物的分布进行研究,发现东海表层沉积物中菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮的总含量变化范围为357~3 115 ng/g,黄海的总含量变化范围为2 898 ~6 714 ng/g,硅藻、甲藻和颗石藻生物标志物总量基本具有近岸高、离岸低的趋势,与现场调查资料所得到的趋势基本一致.生物标志物比例结果显示在东海的长江口方向离岸越远硅藻相对比例下降,而在长江口以南则是离岸越远硅藻比例升高.在东海和黄海颗石藻所占比例都很低,但是有离岸越远比例升高的趋势.用生物标志物所重建的种群结构的变化趋势与现场调查资料相符,但其绝对值却与现场资料存在差异.本研究为生物标志物重建种群结构提供了现代数据,但是此方法的定量应用还需做进一步的研究.  相似文献   

6.
作为一种新的地球化学指标方法,多参数生物标志物法已被广泛应用于重建浮游植物生产力及群落结构。本文对北黄海-渤海表层沉积物中浮游植物生物标志物的分布进行了研究。通过对北黄海-渤海60个站位的调查研究发现,硅藻、甲藻和颗石藻这3种浮游植物的生物标志物含量高值区主要分布在泥质区,同TOC的分布模式类似。为了消除粒度和沉积速率对含量的影响,将这3种生物标志物含量分别与TOC做比值,结果发现相对含量高值区与高生产力区相对应。以这3种生物标志物的相对比例来分别指示浮游植物在北黄海-渤海的相对贡献变化,结果表明近岸区硅藻相对贡献高,这主要与硅藻在高浓度硅的情况下具有竞争优势有关;而由于对营养盐的竞争关系,甲藻相对贡献高值区处于远岸区。在北黄海中部发现高的颗石藻相对贡献,与黄海暖流入侵路径相对应。  相似文献   

7.
生物标志物已被广泛应用于重建浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化.该方法假设之一是生标的含量可以反映表层海水的浮游植物生物量,但这个假设还缺乏现场观测的充分验证.对2009年冬季南海北部表层海水颗粒物中主要生标做了分析,利用其含量及比值研究浮游植物的生物量及群落结构的分布.生标含量表明硅藻、甲藻、颗石藻的高值区位于珠江口南部及广东沿岸,在陆坡区也有高值.生标比值显示硅藻在3个类群中的相对比例最高.其中,甲藻/硅藻比值高值区位于陆坡区,这与大洋水(黑潮)的入侵,带来大量暖水性甲藻有很大关系;颗石藻/硅藻比值总体趋势与生物量的分布相反,在近岸少数站位有高值,向外海逐渐增加,主要是因为颗石藻更适于寡营养盐的环境.生标结果所指示的生物量及群落结构的空间分布与前人的调查结果类似,为利用生标重建此区域的浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化提供了依据.  相似文献   

8.
对渤海辽东湾海域表层沉积物中浮游植物生物标志物的分布进行了研究。通过对辽东湾51个站位的调查研究发现,硅藻、甲藻和颗石藻这3种浮游植物的生物标志物含量分布规律不明显,为了消除粒度和沉积速率的影响,将这3种生物标志物总量与总有机碳(TOC)含量做比值,得到的相对含量从湾内到湾口随着离岸距离增加而增加,生物标志物指示的初级生产力与现场调查的结果一致,表明生物标志物法基本可以用来重建初级生产力。辽东湾海域初级生产力在湾口高于湾内,表明其主要控制因素是水体浊度而不是陆源营养盐的输入。辽东湾西侧菊花岛附近初级生产力的高值主要与人类养殖、陆源排污等导致的水体富营养化相关。生物标志物的相对比例结果显示,辽东湾两侧近岸区硅藻和甲藻相对贡献高,尤其是硅藻占据绝对优势,这主要与硅藻在高营养盐的情况下具有竞争优势有关,而在辽东湾中部发现高的颗石藻相对贡献与黄海暖流入侵路径相对应。  相似文献   

9.
对南海西南部现代上升流区沉积物柱样BIS-187-61孔有机碳、生物蛋白石、碳酸盐等各沉积组分进行了详细的分析,试图探讨末次间冰期(MIS 5)以来南海西南部夏季上升流影响区沉积过程及其所反映的海洋环境变化过程。研究结果发现,140kaBP以来该孔沉积记录期总体表现为:碳酸盐百分含量冰期低间冰期高,主要受周边陆源物质输入稀释的控制,为典型的"大西洋型碳酸盐旋回",有机碳、生物蛋白石、碳酸钙以及陆源沉积物的堆积速率均在MIS 2期、MIS 4期和MIS 5e期出现高值。其中,MIS 2期和MIS 4期生源和陆源沉积堆积速率增加可能与冰期时冬季风增强及海平面下降导致陆源营养物质输入增加对初级生产力的刺激有关,也可能与陆源物质输入增加对海洋生源颗粒物输出的压载作用增强有关。而MIS 5e期南海海平面高度与现代相仿,间冰期较强的夏季风引起的越南沿岸上升流增强是导致该时段本研究区域表层初级生产力增强,沉积物总堆积速率及各组分堆积速率都相应增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

10.
台西南海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
对南海台西南海域表层沉积物的常量、微量元素含量分布变化特征、元素相关性以及元素组合特征进行了分析。结果表明,SiO2和Al2O3是研究区表层沉积物中的最主要组分,元素的含量与水深、粒度存在明显的相关性;R型因子分析识别出3个元素组合,分别代表细粒的陆源碎屑沉积组合、粗粒的生物碎屑组合和细粒的生物碎屑组合;研究区表层沉积物的物质来源主要有陆源和生物源两种,以陆源为主。  相似文献   

11.
Biomarkers had been widely used to reconstruct phytoplankton productivity,and this method was applied in the East China Sea and the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea).In this study,Biologic Silicon (BSi) was used as productivity proxy to reconstruct productivity change of phytoplankton during last 200 years.The results show that the BSi contents of surficial sediments were in the range of 0.018%-2.516%,averaging 0.726%,and had a similar variation trend with phytoplankton biomass.The vertical distribution profiles revealed that BSi contents were relatively stable,in accordance with the variations of the contemporary phytoplankton standing crop index.According to the stability analysis of BSi in sediments,BSi was not degradaded for the past two hundred years and remained in sediments steadily.Thus,BSi in sediments had the potential to invert paleoproductivity.To conduct further survey,the linear regression equation between BSi contents and phytoplankton biomass index could be used to calculate the phytoplankton productivity by BSi,so that paleoproductivity may be reconstructed during last 200 years.  相似文献   

12.
随着人类活动的增加和全球气候变化的加剧,东海生态环境受到了人类活动和自然环境变化的双重影响。本文选择位于东海长江口泥质区的柱状样DH3-1进行生物标志物分析,利用多种生物标志物含量及相对比例重建了东海近30年(1983-2010年)浮游植物生产力、群落结构和陆源输入相对贡献的变化,并探究人类活动与自然因素产生的综合影响。结果表明:近30年来,浮游植物生产力呈现上升趋势;约1992-2001年,硅藻比例下降、甲藻比例上升,约2001年后硅藻比例上升、甲藻比例下降。陆源有机质含量在约1992-2004年呈现增加趋势,约2004年后相对降低;海源有机质含量则呈现持续增加趋势。东海近30年来浮游植物生产力的升高主要是因为人类活动剧增与上升流引发东海营养盐输入量增加。群落结构与陆源有机质含量交替变化可能是由不同年份人类活动与自然因素的作用强度不同导致的。  相似文献   

13.
Biomass and primary productivity of picophytoplankton (PP; phytoplankton <3 μm) and larger phytoplankton (>3 μm) were determined during an annual cycle along the salinity gradient in North Carolina’s Neuse River Estuary (NRE), a eutrophic, microtidal estuary. The PP were a major component of total phytoplankton biomass and productivity, contributing ∼35–44% of the total chlorophyll a (Chl a) and 42–55% of the total primary productivity. Chl a and productivity of PP decreased from the upper to lower estuary, although the PP contribution relative to larger phytoplankton remained nearly constant. Significant PP growth occurred in the spring, but PP productivity and biomass were maximal in summer. PP productivity and biomass were positively correlated with temperature and dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations, which were maximal in summer due to release from sediments. Biomass and productivity of PP and >3 μm phytoplankton were also positively correlated, suggesting that growth conditions favoring the onset of blooms of larger phytoplankton species will similarly affect PP. High PP productivity and biomass in the NRE support the notion that PP play an important role in the production and eutrophication potentials of this estuary. High PP productivity and biomass have been noted in several other temperate estuaries, all sharing a common feature with the NRE—long residence time. These findings challenge the assumption that PP relative importance should be minimal in eutrophic systems.  相似文献   

14.
This study focuses on the comparison of oceanic and coastal cold-core eddies with inner-shelf and East Australian Current (EAC) waters at the time of the spring bloom (October 2008). The surface water was biologically characterised by the phytoplankton biomass, composition, photo-physiology, carbon fixation and by nutrient-enrichment experiments. Marked differences in phytoplankton biomass and composition were observed. Contrasted biomarker composition suggests that biomarkers could be used to track water masses in this area. Divinyl chlorophyll a, a biomarker for tropical Prochlorophytes, was found only in the EAC. Zeaxanthin a biomarker for Cyanophytes, was found only within the oceanic eddy and in the EAC, whereas chlorophyll b (Chlorophytes) was only present in the coastal eddy and at the front between the inner-shelf and EAC waters.This study showed that cold-core eddies can affect phytoplankton, biomass, biodiversity and productivity. Inside the oceanic eddy, greater phytoplankton biomass and a more complex phytoplankton community were observed relative to adjacent water masses (including the EAC). In fact, phytoplankton communities inside the oceanic eddy more closely resembled the community observed in the inner-shelf waters. At a light level close to half-saturation, phytoplankton carbon fixation (gC d−1) in the oceanic eddy was 13-times greater than at the frontal zone between the eddy and the EAC and 3-times greater than in the inner-shelf water. Nutrient-enrichment experiments demonstrated that nitrogen was the major macronutrient limiting phytoplankton growth in water masses associated with the oceanic eddy. Although the effective quantum yield values demonstrate healthy phytoplankton communities, the phytoplankton community bloomed and shifted in response to nitrogen enrichments inside the oceanic eddy and in the frontal zone between this eddy and the EAC. An effect of Si enrichment was only observed at the frontal zone between the eddy and the EAC. No response to nutrient enrichment was observed in the inner-shelf water where ambient NOx, Si and PO4 concentrations were up to 14, 4 and 3-times greater than in the EAC and oceanic eddy. Although results from the nutrient-enrichment experiments suggest that nutrients can affect biomass and the composition of the phytoplankton community, the comparison of all sites sampled showed no direct relationship between phytoplankton biomass, nutrients and the depth of the mixed layer. This is probably due to the different timeframe between the rapidly changing physical and chemical oceanography in the separation zone of the EAC.  相似文献   

15.
利用叶绿素资料计算初级生产力   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海水中浮游植物叶绿素浓度是海洋生物调查中的一个重要观测参数。它不仅是表征浮游植物生物量的一个指标,而且利用它与浮游植物光合作用之间的相互关系还可以估算水域初级生产力。目前许多学者正致力于利用叶绿素资料计算初级生产力的研究.本文阐述了根据叶绿素浓度计算初级生产力的方法:Ryther-Yentsch模式、生态学数理模式和遥感模式。文章对方法应用中的一些问题作出了分析讨论。  相似文献   

16.
A two-dimensional steady-state model of light-driven phytoplankton productivity and biomass in partially mixed estuaries has been developed. Effects of variations in river flow, suspended sediment concentration, phytoplankton sinking, self-shading and growth rates on distributions of phytoplankton biomass and productivity are investigated.Numerical simulation experiments show that biomass and productivity are particularly sensitive to variations in suspended sediment concentrations typical of natural river sources and to variations in loss rates assumed to be realistic but poorly known for real systems. Changes in the loss rate term within the range of empirical error (such as from dark bottle incubation experiments) cause phytoplankton biomass to change by a factor of two. In estuaries with adequate light penetration in the water column, it could be an advantage for phytoplankton to sink. Species that sink increase their concentration and form a phytoplankton maximum in a way similar to the formation of the estuarine turbidity maximum. When attenuation is severe, however, sinking species have more difficulty in maintaining their population.  相似文献   

17.
本文基于对台湾以东黑潮主流区沉积物的粒度和定年,通过解析沉积物总有机碳及其同位素组成获取海源碳变化特征,首次报道了该海区近千年来的初级生产力与气候变化反演结果。研究显示,台湾以东黑潮主流区近千年来的平均沉积速率为34.44 cm/ka,沉积环境较为稳定。另外,台湾以东黑潮主流区沉积物中的总有机碳和总氮含量主要受台湾东部河流输入、海洋初级生产力的沉降过程、成岩作用和粒度效应影响。对沉积物海源碳的定量估算表明,近千年来台湾以东黑潮主流区沉积物中40.02%~73.88%的有机质为海源输入,陆源输送次之。同时,近千年来台湾以东黑潮主流区沉积物记录较好地反映了中世纪暖期、小冰期和现代暖期3个气候变化阶段。1150-1420年期间,沉积物中总有机碳、总氮和海源碳含量缓慢升高,较高的表层海水温度有利于海洋初级生产力水平的升高。1500-1840年期间,较低的表层海水温度和亚洲大陆风尘输送水平使得海洋初级生产力较低,同时台湾地区小冰期较高的降水量有利于台湾东部河流向海输送,增强的水动力条件可能会加强海底沉积物的东移,从而导致该区域沉积物中总有机碳含量的增加。进入现代暖期以来研究区的海水温度逐渐增暖,而东亚季风强度和降水量却表现出波动的年际变化特征,并体现在研究区1930-1950年和1970年期间沉积物的中值粒径、总有机碳和总氮含量的快速波动。  相似文献   

18.
According to bioassay studies and high dissolved nutrient N/P ratios in the seawater column, phosphorus (P) is thought to control marine productivity in the northern Adriatic Sea. P in near-shore marine sediments of the Gulf of Trieste, the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea, was investigated using pore water P distributions, and benthic P flux studies under oxic and anoxic conditions. The data show that P regeneration is up to three-fold more extensive in sediments overlain by oxygen-depleted waters and proceeds in parallel with Fe and Mn enhanced benthic fluxes. It appears from the incubation experiments that degradation of sedimentary organic matter is the main contribution to the flux of P at the sediment–water interface, while the release of phosphate adsorbed on the iron oxide surface is of minor importance.It appears that about 50% of P in the Gulf of Trieste is retained within in the sediments, probably bonded to clay minerals and carbonate grains or precipitated as fluoroapatite. In these sediments total P (Ptot) is preserved preferentially over organic C (Corg). P regenerated from surficial sediments contributes about 1/3 of the P that is assimilated by benthic microalgae. The phytoplankton P requirement should be entirely supplied from fresh-water sources. These results suggest that oxygen depletion in coastal areas caused by eutrophication enhances P regeneration from sediments, providing the additional P necessary for increased biological productivity. The development of anoxic bottom waters in coastal areas enhances the recycling of P, exacerbating the nutrient requirement in the area. A geochemical record of P burial in a longer sedimentary sequence revealed an increasing trend of Ptot and organic P (Porg) contents occurring approximately 50 years BP (after 1950), probably due to increasing use of inorganic fertilizers and detergents in the area.  相似文献   

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