共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
以五水合四氯化锡为原料,采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米SnO2光催化剂,采用电子显微镜和X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物象和形貌等进行了表征,对比分析了自制纳米SnO2对于养殖废水中氨氮的光催化降解情况。研究结果表明催化剂投加量、废水中氨氮初始质量浓度、溶液pH值和H2O2质量浓度均是影响氨氮催化氧化去除效果的重要因素。通过正交实验确定了SnO2光催化剂氧化的优化反应条件:SnO2投加量为1.2g/L,氨氮初始质量浓度为40mg/L,pH值为8.0,H2O2质量浓度为1.0g/L,催化时间为2h时,去除率可达72%。 相似文献
2.
通过共沉淀法制备纳米Fe_2O_3-SnO_2光催化剂,采用XRD、SEM等测试手段对其进行形貌、物象、粒径一系列的表征,研究结果显示制得的催化剂仍保持纯SnO_2四方金红石型结构.研究了Fe_2O_3-SnO_2光催化剂投加量、Fe_2O_3与SnO_2物质的量比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、氨氮初始浓度、p H值、H2O2浓度以及光照反应时间等因素对海水养殖废水中氨氮降解效率的影响.在紫外光照射下进行正交实验,确定最优化反应条件:催化剂投加量为0.4 g/dm3,煅烧时间为3 h,物质的量比为1∶2,氨氮初始含量为50 mg/dm3,光照反应时间为2 h.这5个因素对Fe_2O_3-SnO_2光催化氧化速率影响的大小程度依次为:Fe_2O_3与SnO_2物质的量比煅烧时间Fe_2O_3-SnO_2光催化剂投加量氨氮初始浓度光照时间.氨氮去除率可以达到85.1%,相同条件可见光下也可达到82.3%. 相似文献
3.
Fenton 试剂降解壳聚糖废液的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过单因素分析实验 ,研究了 Fenton试剂降解壳聚糖制备废液过程中各影响因子的作用机制 ,初步得出了其最佳作用范围。通过正交匹配实验 ,确定了最佳操作条件为 :初始 p H=2 .5,终了p H=1 0 ,1 0 g Fe/ L的 Fe2 溶液 1 5m L,30 % H2 O2 2 m L,t(搅拌 ) =80 min,t(静置 ) =8h,T=348K,经验证 COD去除率达到 58.91 %。在常温下 ,利用紫外扫描法简单分析了 Fenton试剂对醋酸钠难降解有机物的降解效率 ,达到了 1 6.39%。 相似文献
4.
竹醋对生活污水好氧处理的强化作用初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用在生活污水好氧处理之前投加外源物质的方法 ,研究了竹醋 (Bamboo Vinegar,BV)及其主要有机成分 (乙酸 )对污水好氧处理效果的强化作用。结果表明 :1当 VBV/ V污水 的比值达到1 / 1 0 6时 ,BV对污水 CODcr的去除有极显著的强化作用 :CODcr去除率比不加竹醋的对照组提高1 0 %。但是 ,BV对污水中 NH+ 4 - N,T- P的去除率没有影响。 2乙酸单独使用亦可显著提高污水CODcr去除率 ,当 V乙酸 / V污水 为 1 / 1 0 7时 ,强化效果最好 ,CODcr去除率提高 1 3%。由于乙酸具有与BV相似的作用特点 ,所以认为 BV对污水处理效果的强化作用来自其中的乙酸。为了将 BV应用于污水处理中 ,需要进一步研究确定 BV对活性污泥法、生物膜法处理污水的强化效果 相似文献
5.
Fenton试剂对久效磷的降解实验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
初步研究了Fenton试剂对久效磷的降解,分析了H2O2浓度、温度、反应时间、pH值和Fe2 浓度这5个因素对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,250 mL水样中3.75×10-4mol的久效磷在Fe2 浓度为0.5 mmol/L,pH=3,H2O2浓度为0.19 mol/L,T=70℃的条件下,Fenton试剂在1 h内COD去除率为60%,3 h内COD去除率为90%,8 h内COD去除率为100%。GC-MS测试结果表明,Fenton试剂对250 mL水样中3.75×10-4mol的久效磷5 min可降解81%,30 min降解100%。根据反应速率常数拟合得出该反应符合准一级反应,反应速率常数k=0.655 6 h-1。实验还发现了Cu2 对Fenton试剂有很强的协同催化作用,体系中Cu2 浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L时,Fenton试剂在5 h内对相同水样中COD去除率为101%。 相似文献
6.
三次采油含聚污水中残留HPAM的含量体现在采出液的黏度上,直接影响到含聚污水的处理。实验以乌氏黏度计法测量聚合物溶液的黏度下降率,通过对pH值、水质阴阳离子量、黏均分子量和剪切速率等相关因素的研究发现,渤海JZ9—3油田注聚用FP3640C型聚合物的溶液黏度在pH值2～4范围内影响明显,pH〉7以后,黏度损失率减小;JZ9～3油田地层水中的Mg2＋、Ca2＋对聚合物的黏度影响显著;当离子浓度在2500～4000mg／L范围内,Na＋和K＋对黏度的降低有明显的影响;恒温60℃时,聚合物的黏度随着恒温时间的延长而下降,至30d后趋于稳定;剪切速率增加,黏度逐渐降低,转速达到8000r／min后,黏度亦趋于稳定。 相似文献
7.
含聚污水的水质问题是目前聚驱注水油田最紧迫的问题之一,以渤海旅大10-1油田含聚污水为例,利用原子力显微镜、环境扫描电镜等微观分析手段,实验研究含聚污水中残余聚合物对悬浮物浓度和粒径中值,含油率以及结垢离子浓度的具体影响,并进行了含聚污水回注储层岩心动态损害实验。研究表明：当残余聚合物浓度由0 mg/L时逐级增加到150 mg/L时,注入水悬浮物浓度增加了近269.0%,粒径中值仅增加0.3μm,抽滤速度下降了99.3%,含油率下降了86.5%,镁钙离子浓度下降了18.0%。残余聚合物的絮凝作用以及对纤维滤膜的吸附作用是悬浮物增加、抽滤速度显著降低的主要原因,乳化作用使得常规含油率测定值偏低,且残余聚合物浓度及分子量越高,注入水水质变化趋势越明显。另外,单一残余聚合物对高渗透储层损害有限,其与悬浮物及含油的协同作用是主要伤害源。 相似文献
8.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(11)
为研究电化学氧化法在循环水养殖系统中用于去除氨氮和亚硝酸盐的可行性,利用有效面积为20和32cm~2两种规格的钌铱电极研究了电流密度、极板间距和氨氮初始浓度对模拟养殖污水中氨氮和亚硝酸盐去除效果的影响。研究表明,当电流密度小于75mA/cm~2时,增加电流密度可以显著提升氨氮和亚硝酸盐的去除率。通过正交实验确定了实验条件下2组电极的最佳反应条件:电流密度62.5mA/cm~2、极板间距1cm、反应时间80s,氨氮初始浓度2.7mg/L。在上述实验条件下,当氨氮去除率达到90%以上时,大、小电极分别需要40和60s的反应时间;当亚硝酸盐去除率达到90%以上时,大、小电极分别需要40和80s的反应时间。在氨氮去除率达到90%时,小电极的平均反应速度为327.24mg/h,能耗为0.093kW·h/t;大电极的平均反应速度为503.82mg/h,能耗为0.114kW·h/t。 相似文献
9.
分别用地塞米松(Dexamethasone,DEX)和过氧化氢(H2O2)处理合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata),研究其对贝珍珠层和基质蛋白表达的影响。扫描电镜观察显示,DEX可促进珍珠层生长,H2O2则抑制珍珠层生长。体外碳酸钙结晶实验表明,DEX处理组间液蛋白调控文石生成的趋势加强,并加速碳酸钙结晶速率;H2O2处理组相反。实时定量PCR实验显示,DEX处理组TGFβ和NF-кB信号通路关键因子pf-smad3、pf-rel等和基质蛋白Nacrein等基因表达水平明显降低,H2O2作用组则显著上升。由上述结果推测,DEX和H2O2可通过抑制或激活合浦珠母贝的TGFβ和NF-кB信号通路,从而调控与珍珠层形成相关的基质蛋白的表达,并影响珍珠层的结构;同时暗示贝的免疫体系和矿化系统可能存在协同作用,该作用机制具有生物进化学意义,并对养殖珍珠的培育具有借鉴作用。 相似文献
10.
11.
Investigation of strategies to improve the recycling effectiveness of waste oil from fishing vessels
The marine ecological environment and fishery resources can be severely polluted or destroyed by waste oil from fishing vessels if they are emitted directly into the ocean without any proper pre-treatment process. International conventions such as MARPOL 73/78 regulate waste-oil emissions and require the installation of a waste oil–water separator only for ocean-going ships of over 400 gross tons. Hence, these international conventions are not applicable to most fishing ships due to their low gross tonnages. In addition, space on most fishing vessels is too limited to allow waste-oil storage tanks or a waste oil-water separator to comply with international maritime regulations. Because a significant amount of waste oil is produced by fishing vessels around the world every day, effective strategies or measures are needed to prevent this waste oil from polluting the marine environment. This study thus investigates strategies and measures for improving the effectiveness of waste-oil collection from fishing vessels. This study found that existing procedures for the collection and treatment of waste lubricating oil on land could be applied to the management of waste oil and bilge water from fishing vessels. Sufficient oil–water separators and storage facilities for the collection of waste oil should be placed at each fishing port and shipyard. Fishermen should then be required to deliver their waste oil to these storage facilities, from where it can be transported to legal recycling companies for further treatment. In addition, fishing harbor authorities should bear definitive responsibility for monitoring the illegal dumping of waste oil and for checking the waste-oil record books of fishing vessels. Each maritime country should enforce relevant laws and regulations to reduce the emission of waste oil from fishing vessels into the ocean. 相似文献
12.
13.
青岛团岛地区入海的主要水污染源,是来自其汇水区城内的大量生活污水和一定量的轻工业废水.自1998～2007年底,累计处理污水14254万吨,削减各类有机物如CODcr、BOD、SS以及NH4-N、TP等污染物累积28万吨,为减轻胶州湾口的水环境污染起到一定的作用.团岛污水厂采用"生物脱氮除磷A/A/O"工艺,自运行以来,不断提出一些优化方案以改善污水处理效果,使出水COD、BOD5、SS、NH4-N、TP等指标达到并优于国家二级排放标准(GB18918-2002),提高了排入胶州湾口的水质质量. 相似文献
14.
Geng Zhaoquan Ni Yongqiang Zhou Anguo Senior Engineer Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Estuarine Coastal Engineering Research Hangzhou Engineer Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Estuarine Coastal Engineering Research Hangzhou Engineer Zhejiang Institute of Environmental Protection Science Hangzhou 《中国海洋工程》1992,(1)
This paper adopted an upstream FEM of 2-D unsteady flow to calculate the tidal flow in Zhoushan sea area. Based on the verification of the tidal current and environmental situation, the effects of the oily waste discharged from the oil berths on water quality have been calculated with a similar method. The isodilutions of oil pollutant are drawn from different sewage discharges. The moving loci of the slick centrepoint of oil spill have been calculated. The spreading area of the oil spill has also been forecasted. The results indicate that the set of models can predict the transport of oil spill in the sea area with reasonable accuracy. 相似文献
15.
Anneli Bohne-Kjersem Arnfinn Skadsheim Anders Goksyr Bjrn Einar Grsvik 《Marine environmental research》2009,68(5):268-277
In this study we have investigated protein changes in plasma of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) induced by crude North Sea oil and North Sea oil spiked with alkyl phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a surrogate produced water composition. Using a proteomic approach, we identified 137 differentially expressed proteins at different levels of crude oil exposure. Many of the induced protein changes occurred at low levels of exposure. The results obtained with protein expression profiles after exposure to oil and surrogate produced water indicate effects on fibrinolysis and the complement cascade, the immune system, fertility-linked proteins, bone resorption, fatty acid metabolism as well as increased oxidative stress, impaired cell mobility and increased levels of proteins associated with apoptosis. Although the number of individuals and samples in this study is limited within each treatment group, the protein changes observed in this study represent a first screening for potential biomarker candidates in cod plasma reflecting potential effects of crude oil and produced water exposure on fish. 相似文献
16.
Identification of estrogen-like alkylphenols in produced water from offshore oil installations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Produced water released into the sea from oil installations contains a vast number of organic compounds. This work focuses on the analysis and identification of phenols in produced water, in particular long-chain para-substituted alkylphenols, which act as endocrine disruptors for marine biota. Some alkylphenol standards, unavailable commercially, have been synthesised and some compounds of interest identified. However, a complete identification is not possible since conventional GC techniques cannot achieve the desired degree of separation. An overview of the levels of the 52 known alkylphenols in produced water from nine oil installations in the North and Norwegian Seas has been made. The previously unidentified alkylphenols in produced water have been characterised by means of alkylphenol retention indices (APRI) and mass spectrometry, and their total amounts estimated for the same nine locations. Our results confirm the presence of naphthols and other as yet unidentified compounds in produced water, while thiophenols were not detected by the used technique. 相似文献
17.
《Marine environmental research》2008,65(5):651-665
Produced water released into the sea from oil installations contains a vast number of organic compounds. This work focuses on the analysis and identification of phenols in produced water, in particular long-chain para-substituted alkylphenols, which act as endocrine disruptors for marine biota. Some alkylphenol standards, unavailable commercially, have been synthesised and some compounds of interest identified. However, a complete identification is not possible since conventional GC techniques cannot achieve the desired degree of separation. An overview of the levels of the 52 known alkylphenols in produced water from nine oil installations in the North and Norwegian Seas has been made. The previously unidentified alkylphenols in produced water have been characterised by means of alkylphenol retention indices (APRI) and mass spectrometry, and their total amounts estimated for the same nine locations. Our results confirm the presence of naphthols and other as yet unidentified compounds in produced water, while thiophenols were not detected by the used technique. 相似文献
18.
S. A. Ermakov I. A. Sergievskaya L. A. Gushchin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(5):565-572
Laboratory study results on the damping of gravity-capillary waves (GCWs) on water covered with oil slicks are presented. The nonmonotonic behavior (the presence of a local maximum) of the dependence of the damp coefficient on the slick thickness has been ascertained. The dispersion relation for GCWs in the presence of a viscoelastic slick of arbitrary thickness has been numerically calculated; this confirmed the presence of a damp coefficient maximum as a function of slick thickness. The parameters of oil slicks (interfacial elasticity and viscosity) have been estimated in a wide range of their thickness from a comparison of the calculation results with the data from laboratory measurements of wave parameters on water covered with an oil slick. 相似文献
19.
综合利用扫描电镜能谱分析、X-射线衍射仪等先进仪器对SZ36-1油田滤膜组分燃烧前后进行综合分析研究。通过分析无机组分中Fe、Ca等元素的变化规律,并结合现场水质监测数据,研究发现SZ36-1油田回注污水由CEP向AJ、平台输送过程中水质逐级恶化;同时污水由CEP到A平台再到J平台过程中,Fe原子百分比平均值依次为4.45%、13.03%、19.45%,Ca原子百分比平均值依次为4.33%、5.43%、5.66%。腐蚀、结垢现象逐渐加剧,是导致注水水质恶化的主要原因。 相似文献