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1.
《海洋科学集刊》2017,(0)
褐藻多糖硫酸酯(fucoidan,FPS)是所有褐藻中所固有的细胞间多糖,存在于细胞壁基质中。生长于潮间带、长时间与空气接触的褐藻种类中,如多年生的墨角藻(Fucus vesiculosus)类,其褐藻多糖硫酸酯的含量可高达20%;生长在较深处的海带(Saccharina japonica)类中含量较低,约为1%~2%。褐藻多糖硫酸酯是一类独特的结合有硫酸基的水溶性杂聚糖,其化学组成和结构非常复杂,以岩藻糖和硫酸基为主,随着褐藻的种类不同还含有半乳糖、木糖、糖醛酸等其他成分。褐藻多糖硫酸酯具有多种生物活性,目前针对墨角藻、泡叶藻(Ascophyllum nodosum)、鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)等褐藻中的褐藻多糖硫酸酯研究较多,发现其具有免疫调节、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗氧化等生物活性。本文主要就褐藻多糖硫酸酯的提取、纯化、结构及生物活性等方面研究进行综述。 相似文献
2.
海带(Saccharina japonica)是我国的主要经济褐藻,从海带中制备的褐藻多糖硫酸酯具有免疫调节等多种生物活性,但鲜有基于组学的研究报道。本文采用RNA高通量测序(RNA-sequencing,RNA-seq)转录组学技术以及平行反应监测(Parallel Reaction Monitoring,PRM)靶向定量蛋白组学方法,探究海带褐藻多糖硫酸酯作用于小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7后对巨噬细胞功能和通路的影响。结果表明,褐藻多糖硫酸酯(100μg/mL)作用于RAW 264.7细胞后,差异表达基因主要富集在免疫反应、先天性免疫应答等生物过程以及TNF、NF-κB、Toll样受体等信号通路,也可促进RAW 264.7细胞膜蛋白A类清道夫受体(SR-A)中SCARA3和Toll样受体中TLR4的表达。采用流式细胞仪对褐藻多糖硫酸酯作用后SR-A和TLR4的表达量进行蛋白水平的验证,SR-A和TLR4的表达量均有升高,证实了组学结果的可靠性。本研究结果为利用褐藻多糖硫酸酯开发具有免疫调节作用的功能食品或药物提供依据。 相似文献
3.
褐藻多糖硫酸酯是一种含有硫酸基的水溶性杂聚糖,其化学组成对抗氧化活性有较大的影响。本文对三种褐藻来源的褐藻多糖硫酸酯及其降解产物化学组成和抗氧化活性进行了研究,阐明了不同来源褐藻多糖硫酸酯体外抗氧化活性的构效关系。实验结果表明:1)分子量对抗氧化活性有较大影响,但是对不同褐藻来源的褐藻多糖硫酸酯的影响趋势并不一致。2)岩藻糖、硫酸基和糖醛酸含量对清除超氧阴离子自由基的影响与分子量有一定的关系。对于低分子量样品,岩藻糖和硫酸基含量与抗氧化活性成正相关。3)岩藻糖和硫酸根的比值对羟基自由基的清除能力有一定影响,比值越大,羟基自由基的清除能力越强。分子量、岩藻糖、硫酸基和糖醛酸的含量对褐藻多糖硫酸酯的抗氧化活性的影响依次减小。本研究为褐藻多糖硫酸酯在抗氧化剂保健品和功能食品中的应用提供了基础数据,也为裙带菜、羊栖菜和铜藻的高值化利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
凯伦藻属种类广布于世界沿海海域甚至大洋，属广域分布种。该属下多个种类曾在全球近岸海域暴发有毒有害赤潮，造成巨大的经济损失，其中不乏由多种凯伦藻同时混合形成赤潮的现象存在。在2016年香港海域的一次凯伦藻赤潮中，本团队从赤潮海水中分离出了米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）、长沟凯伦藻（K.longicanalis）、鞍形凯伦藻（K.selliformis）和蝶形凯伦藻（K.papilionacea）4种凯伦藻。本研究以此4种凯伦藻进行单种藻及多种藻混合样品的培养和溶血活性研究，以探究复合型凯伦藻的种间作用及溶血活性。结果表明，4种凯伦藻间存在种间相互作用，长沟凯伦藻会促进蝶形凯伦藻的生长，鞍形凯伦藻和米氏凯伦藻会抑制长沟凯伦藻生长。4种凯伦藻对兔血红细胞均有明显溶血活性，长沟凯伦藻溶血活性最强为46.36%±1.02%。每种凯伦藻与其他凯伦藻混合培养3天后，对兔血的溶血活性会明显增加，其中含4种凯伦藻的混合组溶血活性最高，为57.05%±1.13%。 相似文献
5.
长棘海星[the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar （CoTS）；Acanthasterspp.]的暴发严重破坏珊瑚礁生态系统的功能和物种多样性, 其幼虫的存活率是决定成体种群密度的关键因素之一，因此了解长棘海星浮浪幼虫阶段的摄食及营养需求对于长棘海星灾害防控至关重要。本研究选用杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）、牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros meülleri）、亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）和小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）4种微藻喂养长棘海星幼虫，通过测定不同喂养条件下长棘海星幼虫的存活率、体长、体宽和胃面积等参数，结合4种微藻的营养含量，综合分析了不同微藻对长棘海星幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明，不同的藻类投喂对长棘海星幼虫存活和生长发育产生显著的差异。幼虫生长到第16天时，牟氏角毛藻喂养的幼虫存活率为（7.20±0.01）％，所喂养幼虫的体长（678.83 μm）、体宽（391.04 μm）和胃面积（14 628.14 μm2）均显著高于杜氏盐藻、亚心形扁藻和小球藻喂养的幼虫。藻类生理指标和营养成分分析表明，牟氏角毛藻的蛋白质含量、能量、以及C20系列脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸均高于杜氏盐藻和小球藻，而且其大小可能比较适宜幼虫的捕食。本研究表明特定种类的饵料藻类是决定幼虫发育的关键因素。 相似文献
6.
凡纳滨对虾-缢蛏生态循环养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构与水质因子相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）与缢蛏（Sinonovacula constricta）生态循环养殖过程中浮游植物群落结构及其与水质因子变化特征之间的相关性，本实验于2018年6月至11月在宁波市鄞州区椿霖养殖场对虾蛏循环养殖池塘中水质及浮游植物的动态开展了逐月采样监测，分析了养虾塘与养蛏塘中的浮游植物群落结构变化及水质因子变动。结果显示：（1）对虾养殖期间共鉴定出6个门101种浮游植物（包含9个未定种），从种的数量上来看，硅藻门 > 甲藻门 > 绿藻门 > 蓝藻门 > 裸藻门 > 隐藻门，其中包含优势种14种，养殖初期优势种为硅藻门的新月菱形藻（Nitzschia closteriu）、牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）等，随后甲藻门的海洋原甲藻（Prorocentrum micans）和绿藻门的小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）等逐渐占据优势，后期仍以硅藻门为主要优势种。（2）浮游植物的丰度介于6.8×105-2.5×108cell/L，生物量为2.04-65.72mg/L，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为1.34-2.56，均匀度指数范围为0.43-0.72，多样性水平较高，物种分布的均匀度较好。（3）对浮游植物群落结构与水质因子进行CCA分析后得到硅藻门种群变化主要与温度、盐度、pH密切相关（P<0.05）；绿藻门种群优势受氮含量（总氮、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮）的影响较大；而甲藻门、蓝藻门种类则与磷含量（总磷、活性磷）与温度相关。 相似文献
7.
为明确各环境因子对盐生杜氏藻生长的影响是否存在交互作用及其影响的程度,采用3因素2水平正交试验方法,以7天批次培养获得的比生长速率为评价指标,研究了盐度（A）、光照强度（B）、温度（C）及两因素交互作用A×B、A×C、B×C对细胞增殖速率的影响,并测定了各条件下光合放氧速率、呼吸耗氧速率、叶绿素荧光及色素含量等以阐释作用机制。结果表明：温度是影响藻细胞增殖的最显著因素,其次是盐度与光照,交互作用B×C、A×C对绿色盐藻细胞生长有一定作用,但影响程度不如单一因子。确定利于盐藻细胞增殖的最优条件为：温度30℃、盐度110、光照强度120 μmol·m-2·s-1,而利于类胡萝卜素积累的条件则需将盐度提升至160。温度、光照通过影响光合放氧速率,而盐度通过影响呼吸耗氧速率调控藻细胞生长。 相似文献
8.
泡叶藻及海带藻渣中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的提取及其抗氧化活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用超声波辅助提取方法提取泡叶藻(Ascophyllum mackaii)及海带(Laminaria japonica)藻渣中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯, 以均匀试验设计建立回归模型优化高效制备提取工艺。采用高效凝胶过滤色谱法(HPGPC)进行了相对分子质量检测及理化性质分析; 利用Fenton 反应检测法、邻苯三酚自氧化法等进行了抗氧化活性研究。结果表明, 优化的高效制备技术的超声波最佳条件为超声70 min, 温度为90℃,水提时间2 h, 料液比1︰ 80, 泡叶藻及海带藻渣中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的高效提取率分别为4.49%和3.69%,分子质量分别为142 kDa 和136 kDa, 泡叶藻和海带藻渣中的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯均具有较好的清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基能力及还原能力。海带的抗氧化活性总体略高于泡叶藻。 相似文献
9.
褐藻淀粉(Laminaran),是褐藻体内具有的一种多糖。它的化学结构是由C_1—C_3结合的β—D吡喃葡萄糖多聚化合物,将其磺酸化即可得褐藻淀粉硫酸酯。经药理试验证明磺酸化程度低的褐藻淀粉硫酸酯,具有一定的降血脂作用,该有效成分无甚不良反应,堪称为防止动脉粥状硬化和治疗高血脂症的药物。我国沿海褐藻类的产量丰富,为褐藻淀粉的提取提供了广阔的天然资源。若能将褐藻综合利用,制成治疗冠心病的药物,这将对海洋资源的利用,开辟一个新的领域。这是一个十分有实践意义的研究课题。褐藻淀粉硫酸酯的性质和药效,因藻源、提取方法、分子量的大小及磺酸化的程度等不同而有差异。因此,在研制过程中,除进行提取和磺酸化的研究外,必须结合药理作用的观察,方能确定褐藻淀粉硫酸酯的作用价值。本实验采用我国沿海马尾藻类—铜藻Sargassum horneri(Turn.)C.Ag为原料,经提取、磺化、制成褐藻淀粉硫酸酯钠,并进行了药理研究和安全实验。 相似文献
10.
龙须菜(Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis)是具有重要经济价值和生态效益的大型红藻, 主要用作琼胶提取原料和鲍的饵料。本研究利用生理生化、液相色谱-质谱联用和氨基酸分析等方法, 比较了龙须菜(Gp. lemaneiformis) (wt、981、Gl-1、Gl-s、Gl-g)、异枝龙须菜(Gp. heterocla, Gh)和细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liu, Gt)的生长及藻胆蛋白、琼胶、红藻糖苷和氨基酸等的差异, 以期为龙须菜/江蓠栽培中的种质区分及选择提供参考。结果表明Gt在23 ℃和30 ℃条件下生长均最快, 其相对生长速率分别为野生型龙须菜(wt)的2.19倍和2.49倍。龙须菜Gl-s中藻胆蛋白浓度最高, 为wt的1.91倍。除了Gt之外, 其余6种藻中琼胶产率较高(16.22%~18.91%)。Gt中红藻糖苷和海藻糖积累最多, 分别为wt的3.50倍和1.81倍。Gl-g、Gl-s、Gt和Gh多糖丰富, 在36.89%~40.23%; 龙须菜981、Gl-1、wt和Gl-s总氨基酸浓度较高, 在152.35~161.32 mg·g–1干质量之间, 并且981、Gl-1、Gl-s氨基酸评分较优。综合以上结果, 龙须菜981、Gl-1和Gl-s的藻胆蛋白、琼胶和氨基酸等均显著优于其他藻, 并且生长较快, 可用于琼胶、藻胆蛋白及多糖的提取或鲍的饵料; 而细基江蓠繁枝变种生长快、红藻糖苷和海藻糖丰富, 可大规模栽培用作鲍的饵料。该研究为丰富及开发利用中国大型海藻种质资源提供了重要的资料。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献