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1.
脉红螺壳口通常有3种颜色:"黑白条纹螺"、"中间螺"和"橙色螺"。本论文对3种壳口颜色的脉红螺分别进行了形态学和mt16S rRNA、COⅠ基因片段序列比较分析。形态学分析结果表明,除厣宽/壳高、厣高/壳高、厣高/体螺层、厣高/壳口长、厣高/壳口宽、厣高/厣宽的形态学特征指数和出肉率不具有显著性差异外,其它形态特征和生物学相关变量具有显著差异,且对湿重的影响效果不同。"黑白条纹螺"壳口长和壳口宽对湿重影响最大,而"中间螺"和"橙色螺"各形态特征对湿重均无显著的直接影响。根据各形态特征均值建立的居群形态聚类图显示,"中间螺"和"橙色螺"形态差异较小,二者与"黑白条纹螺"的形态差异较大。然而基于mt16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段序列分析结果显示,三种壳口颜色的脉红螺无遗传分化,为同一种。 相似文献
2.
脉红螺壳口通常有3种颜色：“黑白条纹螺”、“中间螺”和“橙色螺”。本论文对3种壳口颜色的脉红螺分别进行了形态学和mt16SrRNA、COI基因片段序列比较分析。形态学分析结果表明,除厣宽／壳高、厣高／壳高、厣高／体螺层、厣高／壳口长、厣高／壳口宽、厣高／厣宽的形态学特征指数和出肉率不具有显著性差异外,其它形态特征和生物学相关变量具有显著差异,且对湿重的影响效果不同。“黑白条纹螺”壳口长和壳口宽对湿重影响最大,而“中间螺”和“橙色螺”各形态特征对湿重均无显著的直接影响。根据各形态特征均值建立的居群形态聚类图显示,“中间螺”和“橙色螺”形态差异较小,二者与“黑白条纹螺”的形态差异较大。然而基于mt16SrRNA和COI基因片段序列分析结果显示,三种壳口颜色的脉红螺无遗传分化,为同一种。 相似文献
3.
曼氏血吸虫中间宿主螺藁杆双脐螺和其他3种隶属扁蜷螺科的吸虫及线虫中间宿主螺,其形态极为相似,缺乏分类学资料,比较几种扁蜷螺的形态及生殖系统构造,明确其分类学特征,能为监测及防控部门准确鉴定物种提供依据。电子数显卡尺测量所有样本螺壳参数;解剖4种扁蜷螺生殖系统并绘图;扫描电镜观察齿舌形态。方差分析表明,4种扁蜷螺壳高(H)和直径(D)比值差异显著(F=64.171,P0.01)。4种扁蜷螺齿舌均为中央齿1列,双齿型,但中央齿齿尖形态、侧齿及缘齿列数、齿尖数量及形态等依种类不同均有差异。研究结果表明不同种的齿舌形态是重要鉴别特征之一。生殖系统阴茎复合体构造在属间差异明显,种间较为相似(旋螺属的凸旋螺、小旋螺)。尽管4种扁蜷螺贝壳形态较为相似,但壳高(H)和直径(D)比值、齿舌列数、齿尖以及生殖系统的阴茎复合体构造等特征,对入侵物种藁杆双脐螺和中国几种常见扁蜷螺的准确鉴定有重要价值。 相似文献
4.
为调查斯氏并殖吸虫拟钉螺宿主,现场采集螺标本,进行形态分类和生态考察及螺体寄生虫检查.发现拟钉螺属(Tricula)一新种,命名为建欧拟钉螺(Tricula jianouensis sp.nov.),螺壳高3.125 mm,壳宽1.600 mm,体螺层高1.125 mm,壳口长径1.275 mm,壳口宽径0.925 mm.螺口外缘翘起呈铲状;轴缘与外缘形成较窄夹角,内唇嵴明显高出,与体螺层间有一沟状隙.齿舌每一横列有7枚齿,齿式:2-1-2/2-2·3-1-3·11(14)·14(15).该螺充当斯氏并殖吸虫第一中间宿主,斯氏并殖吸虫尾蚴感染率为0.11%. 相似文献
5.
１笔螺科动物简介笔螺科 (Ｍｉｔｒｉｄａｅ)属于软体动物门 (Ｍｏｌｌｕｓｃａ) ,腹足纲（Ｇａｓｔｒｏｐｏｄａ），新腹足目（Ｎｅｏｇａｓｔｒｏｐｏｄａ）。种间个体差异较大 ,贝壳高度从几毫米到十多厘米。贝壳形状有毛笔形、纺锤形或椭圆形。壳质较厚，结实。壳顶尖 ,螺旋部呈尖圆锥形 ,体螺层大 ,中部稍膨胀。壳面较光滑或具螺旋肋 ,生长纹明显 ,有的种类刻有浅沟、条纹、坑、褶痕和或小颗粒状突起 ,并具薄的壳皮。贝壳表面常具斑点、斑块或色带 ,有的种类色彩较鲜艳。壳口窄长 ,外唇简单 ,大部分种类轴唇具肋状褶襞 ,一般为３～１０… 相似文献
6.
随机抽取100只同龄疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera Kuster),开展其形态性状与体质量和软体部质量的相关与通径分析。实验选取并测量了壳长(X1)、壳宽(X2)、壳厚(X3)、壳口长(X4)和壳口宽(X5)等5项形态性状以及体质量(Y)和软体部质量(Z)等2项质量性状,运用相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析等方法分析了各形态性状对体质量和软体部质量的影响。相关分析表明,疣荔枝螺各项性状间的相关均呈极显著(P<0.01)。通径分析表明,形态性状对体质量直接影响大小的顺序为壳长(0.459)>壳宽(0.277)>壳厚(0.209)>壳口宽(0.140);壳长对体质量的直接决定系数最大(0.220),是影响体质量的主要因素。通过多元回归分析,建立了形态性状对体质量的回归方程:Y=-9.714+0.220X1+0.204X2+0.195X3+0.151X5。 相似文献
7.
几何形态学(morphometrics)是基于笛卡尔地标点的统计分析方法,主要运用广义普鲁克分析(GPA)、薄板样条分析(TPS)、主成分分析(PCA)、典型变量分析(CVA)等方法,定量的对形态变化进行识别,结果更为客观。本研究运用几何形态学方法对8种常见扇贝(栉孔扇贝Azumapecten farreri、虾夷盘扇贝Mizuhopecten yessoensis、海湾扇贝Argopecten irradians、平濑掌扇贝Volachlamys hirasei、北海道扇贝Swiftopecten swiftii、荣套扇贝Gloripallium pallium、华贵类栉孔扇贝Mimachlamys nobilis、美丽环扇贝Annachlamys striatula)间形态关系进行研究,运用界标点和半界标点对扇贝的壳盘和壳耳进行数字化标点,利用PCA、CVA、TPS方法,获得8种扇贝的形态差异并进一步分析,建立系统发育树。PCA和CVA分析结果表明可以通过几何形态测量学分析方法将8种扇贝基于形态差异进行有效区分。此外,结合TPS的分析结果,发现壳耳和壳盘在扇贝中具有种间规律性差异。通过其形态分异进行表型聚类,从结果可知:美丽环扇贝、虾夷盘扇贝和海湾扇贝距离较近,壳型有共同的特征:扇贝壳盘较椭圆,壳耳相对较小;荣套扇贝和华贵类栉孔扇贝距离较近,壳型有共同的特征:扇贝壳盘更扁平,前耳相对较大;北海道扇贝、平濑掌扇贝和栉孔扇贝与其他种类没有交集。在聚类过程中,华贵类栉孔扇贝和荣套扇贝有交集,10个标本混淆,其他标本均成功聚类,正确率为95.5%。 相似文献
8.
《海洋湖沼通报》2020,(4)
本研究采用方差分析、主成分分析、判别分析和聚类分析等多元统计分析方法,对缢蛏(SinonovaculaconstrictaLamarck)5个种群的17个比例性状参数进行分析与比较。方差分析结果显示,山东东营种群与其他4个种群均有15项比例性状存在差异显著(P0.05)。主成分分析中,4个主成分累计贡献率达85.253%,能够概括5个种群间的形态差异,具有较大负荷值的比例性状主要体现在代表壳高和壳前后端钝圆程度的因子。判别分析结果显示,山东东营种群判别准确率为100%,其他4个种群为53.3%—76.7%。聚类分析显示,福建云霄种群和广东湛江种群聚在一起,浙江乐清种群与广西钦州种群聚在一起,这两支再聚在一起,最后与山东东营聚类。差异系数结果显示,山东东营种群和浙江乐清种群、福建云霄种群、广东湛江种群、广西钦州种群之间分别有13、3、4、10项比例性状的CD值大于1.28;浙江乐清种群、福建云霄种群、广东湛江种群和广西钦州种群两两之间的CD值均小于1.28。综合上述5种统计分析结果,贝体壳高,前后端性状是缢蛏种群形态差异的主要影响因子;缢蛏山东东营种群与其他4个地理种群形态差异较大,浙江乐清种群与广西钦州种群、福建云霄种群与广东湛江种群形态上较接近;群体间存在形态差异,与地理分布不完全一致。多元统计分析方法从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态差异。 相似文献
9.
为探明珠江口黑鲷海捕苗种与人工繁殖苗种间的形态差异,作者采用3种多元统计分析和方差分析方法,对采集自珠江口两岸的海捕黑鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)苗种与2个繁殖场的人工繁殖苗种进行形态差异比较,比较了不同样品组的外部形态特征差异。可量性状主成分分析结果表明,前2项主成分的累计贡献率为89.90%,聚类分析结果表明汕头苗场(ST)样品组与另外3个样品组距离最远,判别分析结果同样显示以对该样品组判别准确率最高;可数性状单因素方差分析结果表明,样品组间背鳍鳍条数、鳃耙数、椎骨数存在显著性差异(P0.05)。主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析和单因素方差分析从不同角度反映了样品组间的形态差异,各分析方法获得结论基本类似,相互印证。该研究结果显示,采集自不同繁殖场的黑鲷苗种与珠江口海域野生苗种存在一定的形态差异,但没有证据显示这种差异已导致黑鲷野生和养殖群体间明显的形态分化。 相似文献
10.
中国海蟹守螺科的研究现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1蟹守螺科简介
蟹守螺科(Cerithiidae)属于软体动物门(Mollusca),腹足纲(Gastropoda),前鳃亚纲(Prosobranchia),中腹足目(Mesogastropoda),蟹守螺超科(Cerithioidea)。因蟹守螺的贝壳常被甲壳动物寄居蟹占用,故名蟹守螺。贝壳小至中等大,一般为纵长的纺锤形或尖锥形,螺层多,螺旋部高。贝壳大多厚且坚实。壳面通常有纵横螺肋和结节等突起,并常出现纵肿肋。有些种类的胚壳可作为一个分类特征,其早期螺层雕刻也很明显。但一般情况下,蟹守螺贝壳基本上缺失胚壳或被严重侵蚀,甚至幼体中也是这样。成体贝壳壳口卵形,有加厚的外唇,向外扩张,轴唇上一般有滑层。前水管沟明显,突出或短,曲而斜;后水管沟小。厣角质,通常呈卵圆形,少旋,大多数种类有一个偏心核。齿舌为扭舌型,齿式：2+1+1+1+2。中央齿的基板为四边形,基板上端的切割面上有中央小齿,基板下端有长短不一的突出。侧齿呈铲状,一般有数个齿尖,缘齿长勺状。 相似文献
蟹守螺科(Cerithiidae)属于软体动物门(Mollusca),腹足纲(Gastropoda),前鳃亚纲(Prosobranchia),中腹足目(Mesogastropoda),蟹守螺超科(Cerithioidea)。因蟹守螺的贝壳常被甲壳动物寄居蟹占用,故名蟹守螺。贝壳小至中等大,一般为纵长的纺锤形或尖锥形,螺层多,螺旋部高。贝壳大多厚且坚实。壳面通常有纵横螺肋和结节等突起,并常出现纵肿肋。有些种类的胚壳可作为一个分类特征,其早期螺层雕刻也很明显。但一般情况下,蟹守螺贝壳基本上缺失胚壳或被严重侵蚀,甚至幼体中也是这样。成体贝壳壳口卵形,有加厚的外唇,向外扩张,轴唇上一般有滑层。前水管沟明显,突出或短,曲而斜;后水管沟小。厣角质,通常呈卵圆形,少旋,大多数种类有一个偏心核。齿舌为扭舌型,齿式：2+1+1+1+2。中央齿的基板为四边形,基板上端的切割面上有中央小齿,基板下端有长短不一的突出。侧齿呈铲状,一般有数个齿尖,缘齿长勺状。 相似文献
11.
于１９８５年７月－１９８８年１０月，在香港新界北部，进行螺类生态调查。对采集的标本鉴定表明，有两种瓶螺－光滑瓶螺、大瓶螺，是在香港首次发现。这对香港地区今后采取生物控制措施、防止近年来引入的孟氏血吸虫的中间宿主－藁杆双脐螺的蔓延具有实际意义。 相似文献
12.
Tsukasa Waki Emilio Rolán Ronald G. Noseworthy Hyun-Sil Kang Kwang-Sik Choi 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(4):587-591
A species of the genus Ammonicera Vayssière, 1893 collected from coralline algae communities in Jeju Island, South Korea, is described as a new species, A. aurea, for science. Its morphological characters are described and illustrated by SEM micrographs. This new species can be clearly distinguished from other Ammonicera species from the Pacific Ocean by the presence of a spiral cord and about 25 slightly-elevated axial ribs, resulting in about 25 nodules at intersecting points of the cord and ribs on the last whorl of the teleoconch. 相似文献
13.
为探讨互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)入侵对三沙湾光滩、红树林湿地的生态影响,分别于2013年10月和2014年9月在三沙湾选择了2条互花米草断面、2条红树林断面和1条光滩进行底栖生物生态调查,分析了大型底栖动物群落分布的时空差异、底栖动物与环境因子之间的关系。经鉴定,该调查海域大型底栖动物共68种,隶属于7门40科,其中短拟沼螺(Assiminea brevicula)为互花米草区优势物种;宁波泥蟹(Ilyoplaxningpoensis)为光滩的优势物种;巴林虫(Barantollasp.)为红树林区优势物种。对各生境大型底栖动物物种数、生物量和栖息密度组成进行双因素无重复方差分析(two-way ANOVA),结果显示不同生境大型底栖动物物种数差异极显著(P0.01),互花米草入侵红树林后,大型底栖动物物种数稍有下降,但是互花米草入侵光滩后,大型底栖动物物种数有所增加;不同生境大型底栖动物生物量差异极显著(P0.01),栖息密度差异不显著(P0.05)。利用大型底栖动物的ABC曲线分析群落结构的稳定性,显示光滩群落结构稳定,互花米草入侵后,优势物种变化显著,双齿围沙蚕数量迅速增加,降低了原有大型底栖动物群落结构的稳定性。除生境影响外,互花米草入侵的潮位区域、生长密度差异、入侵阶段等也均会对大型底栖动物造成影响。 相似文献
14.
The aim of the study was the development of habitat models for Nephtys species (Polychaeta: Nephtyidae). The investigation area was the German Bight, the southeastern part of the North Sea. Models were developed based on field data collected between 2000 and 2006. In addition, data on environmental variables were retrieved from long-term monitoring data sets and from the sediment map by Figge [Figge, K., 1981. Nordsee. Sedimentverteilung in der Deutschen Bucht. Map No. 2900. Publisher: Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg]. The statistical modelling technique used was multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Models were fitted individually for each species. Evaluation of predictive discrimination and predictive accuracy of the developed models was by calculation of the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) or sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Habitat models with best predictive fit were selected for the presentation of habitat suitability maps.Six Nepthys species were found: Nephtys assimilis, N. caeca, N. cirrosa, N. hombergii, N. incisa and N. longosetosa. N. hombergii was most common whereas N. incisa and N. longosetosa were rare. Habitat preferences varied considerably among the species. For all investigated Nephtys species except N. longosetosa a habitat model could be developed based on four predictor variables. The habitat models with best predictive fit were those for N. cirrosa and N. hombergii. The N. caeca habitat model was of limited predictive accuracy and only accept predictive discrimination. The number of predictors as well as the relative importance of the respective predictors in the model varied among the different species. Direct comparison of most suitable habitats for the different species based on modelling revealed that in the mostly sandy regions parallel to the German coast in water depths up to 20 m an overlap between N. caeca, N. hombergii and N. cirrosa exists. In the deeper central German Bight with mostly fine sands with increased mud contents N. hombergii, N. assimilis and, at least partially and rare in numbers, N. incisa co-occur. It can be concluded that important sediment characteristics like grain size median and mud content as well as water depth and mean salinity are useful parameters to describe the habitat requirements of most Nepthys species in the German Bight. However, additional variables need to be incorporated into such analyses. 相似文献
15.
Size distributions of Neocalanus cristatus, N. flemingeri and N. plumchrus were investigated in the eastern and the western subarctic gyres and three marginal seas of the North Pacific during the diapause period to examine the geographical variation in body size of Neocalanus species and to clarify the origin of the large biennial N. flemingeri which has been observed in the Oyashio region. There were significant among region variations in body sizes for all three species of Neocalanus. Generally, the body sizes of the copepods were larger in the marginal seas and marginal areas of the open ocean. In the open ocean, the body sizes increased westward. These patterns of variation in the body sizes roughly correlated with local food availability. Distribution of biennial N. flemingeri was restricted to the Sea of Japan, the Okhotsk Sea and the Oyashio region. The large-sized biennial N. flemingeri were abundantly observed in the Okhotsk Sea, and the medium-sized biennial individuals were observed in the Sea of Japan. These facts strongly suggest that the large biennial N. flemingeri in the Oyashio region are advected from the Okhotsk Sea. 相似文献
16.
Toru Kobari Kazuaki Tadokoro Akihiro Shiomoto Shinji Hashimoto 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(1):3-10
Geographical variations in prosome length and body weight of Neocalanus copepods (N. cristatus, N. plumchrus and N. flemingeri) were investigated on samples from North-South and East-West transects in the North Pacific during spring to early summer
in 1998 and 1999. Southward and eastward increasing patterns were pronounced for water temperature, although no significant
pattern was observed for chlorophyll a concentrations. All Neocalanus species showed large geographical variations in prosome length and body weight, being smaller in the southern and eastern
waters. Comparing the relationship between prosome length and body weight, large deviations (lower body weight at a given
prosome length) were evident for the eastern specimens of N. cristatus and N. plumchrus. In stepwise regression analysis, the geographical variations of prosome length and body weight revealed a significantly
negative correlation with temperature variations. These results suggest that temperature is a more important environmental
factor than chlorophyll a concentration in its effect on geographical variations in prosome length and body weight of Neocalanus copepods in the North Pacific.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
对分布于中国近海的蛾螺科Buccinidae、鱼篮螺属Nassaria种类进行了系统的分类学研究,确定了其分类地位,共鉴定出该属12种,分别为:尖鱼篮螺Nassaria acuminata(Reeve,1844),尖旋鱼篮螺N.acutispirata(Sowerby,1913),多刺鱼篮螺N.cirsiumoides Fraussen,2004,带扣鱼篮螺N.fibulaFraussenStahlschmidt,2008,光滑鱼篮螺N.laevior Smith,1899,美好鱼篮螺N.magnifica(Lischke,1871),坚硬鱼篮螺N.solida(KurodaHabe in Habe,1961),棘刺鱼篮螺N.spinigera(HayashiHabe,1965),缝合鱼篮螺N.suturalis(Adams,1855),脉管鱼篮螺Nassaria varicosa ZhangZhang,2014以及两个鱼篮螺未定种Nassaria sp.。文中对物种的主要鉴别特征进行了描述,并根据最新分类系统对相关种名进行了修订。 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Sea Research》2003,49(2):107-117
Organisms of marine rocky shores are exposed to physical stress from abiotic factors, such as temperature, salinity and wave action. These factors vary over compressed temporal and spatial scales, producing an exceedingly heterogeneous habitat with steep gradients of selection, and it seems likely that this has a strong influence on the evolution of populations of rocky shore organisms. With the periwinkles (genus Littorina) as a model group, I review strategies for coping with small-scale heterogeneous environments and what implications these strategies have on the evolution of these species.Some species of Littorina have long-lived pelagic larvae and sites of various habitats are thus recruited from a common gene pool. This largely prevents local adaptation but minor adjustments are possible through a plastic phenotype. Other species of the genus are directly developing with no larval dispersal and among these there is evidence of strong local adaptation forming distinct ecotypes in contrasting habitats by parallel evolution. In at least one of the directly developing species (L. saxatilis) divergent selection among ecotypes has resulted in partial reproductive barriers that further impede gene flow among ecotypes. Furthermore, convergent evolution among species has produced superficially similar morphs in different habitats. Ecotype formation, ecological reproductive barriers and convergence among species all indicate that ecological processes are critical for evolution of Littorina species. 相似文献