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1.
实验采用平板分离及16S r DNA序列分析法研究池塘养殖和海上吊笼养殖仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的前肠、中肠和后肠菌群结构并进行对比分析.结果显示,从海上吊笼养殖的仿刺参的肠道内分离鉴定的240株菌株分属于3个门、11个属和34个种.从池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道内分离鉴定的211株菌株分属于3个门、11个属和49个种.两种养殖模式仿刺参肠道菌群结构存在较大差异,且同一仿刺参肠道各部分之间的菌群结构也存在较大的差异.海上养殖仿刺参的肠道优势菌群为弧菌属(Vibrio)、Formosa属、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella),池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道内优势菌群为弧菌属(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、喜盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus).两个菌群共有菌株有7个种,存在于在不同的肠道部位.两种养殖模式比较发现池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道菌群的丰富度大于海上吊笼养殖的仿刺参,且池塘养殖仿刺参肠道内芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)等益生菌的占比较高,海上吊笼养殖仿刺参分离得到较多的弧菌属(Vibrio)细菌.本研究可为南方仿刺参人工养殖中潜在益生菌的筛选提供基础资料.  相似文献   

2.
利用MRS固体培养基从南移仿刺参肠道中分离得到1株优势乳酸菌,命名为AJC-XP-15,其最适生长温度为30°C,最适生长pH为6.5;其表面疏水性和自聚率分别为34.56%和35.61%,经16S RNA基因序列分析,并结合形态学和生理生化特性将其鉴定为乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)。拮抗实验结果显示,菌株AJC-XP-15及其发酵上清液对塔氏弧菌(Vibriotubiashii)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、副溶血弧菌(V. parahaemolyticus, VP)和嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)等病原菌具有很好的抑制作用;体外益生实验表明,菌株AJC-XP-15对人工胃肠液的耐受性很好,在pH3.0的模拟人工胃液处理3 h后的存活率为71.43%,在pH 6.8的模拟人工肠液处理3 h后的存活率为92.1%;抗氧化能力结果显示,菌株AJC-XP-15的无细胞提取物对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除能力最强,分别为(82.67±6.92)%和(15.36±2.95)%,其发酵上清液对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力最强,为(26.36±...  相似文献   

3.
通过拌饵投喂和水体泼洒2种使用方式,研究了不同浓度的蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus,编号BC-01)对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参的生长、肠道消化酶和体腔液非特异性免疫相关酶活性的影响。其中,水体泼洒实验组芽孢杆菌使用量分别为106、108和1010cfu·m-3(以活菌量计),拌饵投喂实验组芽孢杆菌添加量分别为107、109和1011cfu·kg-1(以活菌量计),以投喂基础饲料且水体无芽孢杆菌泼洒组为对照组,整个实验持续56d。结果表明:(1)水体泼洒106 cfu·m-3和拌饵投喂109 cfu·kg-1的芽孢杆菌可以显著促进刺参的生长,并显著降低刺参体重变异系数(P0.05)。(2)泼洒108 cfu·m-3芽孢杆菌实验组的刺参肠道蛋白酶活性以及泼洒106和108 cfu·m-3芽孢杆菌实验组的脂肪酶活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。投喂芽孢杆菌能显著提高刺参肠道蛋白酶活性(P0.05),投喂107 cfu·kg-1芽孢杆菌的实验组刺参肠道脂肪酶活性和投喂109和1011cfu·kg-1芽孢杆菌的实验组淀粉酶活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。(3)水体泼洒芽孢杆菌则显著提高刺参体腔液LSZ活性(P0.05),但对SOD活性影响不大(P0.05)。1010cfu·m-3芽孢杆菌泼洒浓度可以显著增强刺参体腔液AKP和ACP活性(P0.05)。而投喂109和1011cfu·kg-1芽孢杆菌可以显著提高刺参体腔液过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活性(P0.05)。可以看出,芽孢杆菌BC-01以饵料添加方式对刺参体腔液免疫酶活性的促进作用优于水体泼洒。综合比较表明,芽孢杆菌BC-01拌饵添加的适宜浓度为109 cfu·kg-1,对刺参的生长、消化功能和非特异性免疫能力均具有显著促进作用。  相似文献   

4.
采用周期性饥饿再投喂的方法,研究周期性饥饿再投喂对建鲤(1.5±0.2g)的生长、体组成、消化酶的影响。试验分为10个组,共进行60d。结果表明,在相同的饥饿天数下,延长再投喂天数可以使建鲤的增重率逐渐增加,而且S1F4、S2F8、S4F16组的增重率与对照组无显著性差异(P〉0.05),9个周期性饥饿再投喂组在摄食期...  相似文献   

5.
对野生和人工养殖刺参的肠壁及内容物中的菌群数量、种类组成进行了研究;并结合产酶试验和溶血性试验,对刺参肠道益生菌做了初步的体外筛选。结果表明,野生刺参肠壁及内容物中的细菌数量分别为(3.30±0.41)×107 cfu/g、(6.39±0.32)×107 cfu/g,养殖刺参肠壁及内容物中的细菌数量分别为(2.83±0.31)×107 cfu/g、(5.67±0.53)×107 cfu/g。野生刺参肠道优势菌为弧菌属(Vibrio),次优势菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella);养殖刺参肠道优势菌为弧菌属(Vibrio),次优势菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。在224株细菌中,共有160株细菌具有产酶能力,所占比例为71.43%,其中具产蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶能力菌株分别为114株、114株、108株,所占比例分别为50.89%、50.89%、48.21%。99株细菌中有23株具有溶血性,所占比例为23.23%。综合分析实验数据,确定6株细菌作为刺参肠道潜在益生菌,菌株代号分别为HS1(Pseudomonas)、HS5(Bacillus)、HS7(Shewanella)、HS8(Vibrio)、HS10(Vibrio)、HS11(Vibrio)。  相似文献   

6.
研究了在糊化山药粉全部替代鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)粉的饲料中添加不同方法处理及不同种类包膜氨基酸的饲料对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)幼参生长、消化及免疫指标的影响。试验1,在水温13.0~18.0℃下,将平均体质量为2.27g的刺参饲养在18个50L(50cm×40cm×30cm)的塑料水槽中(15头/槽),投喂添加淀粉包膜的缬氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸等多种氨基酸的饲料。40d的饲养表明,幼参的特殊增重率(RSG)和对饲料蛋白及脂肪的消化率随饲料中添加包膜氨基酸水平的增加而逐渐升高,其中添加包膜氨基酸水平最高组的幼参显著高于未添加包膜氨基酸的对照组(P0.05)。试验2,在水温10.0~19.0℃下,给平均体质量1.55g的刺参投喂在山药粉完全替代鼠尾藻粉的对照饲料(S0)中分别添加0.37%明胶包膜赖氨酸(S1)、0.37%包膜赖氨酸加0.38%包膜蛋氨基酸(S2)和0.37%包膜赖氨酸、0.38%包膜蛋氨酸加0.39%包膜苏基酸(S3)的饲料。60d的饲养表明,幼参的RSG随饲料中添加氨基酸种类的增加而显著增高,S3、S2和S1组刺参的RSG分别比S0组高154.6%、82.1%和57.2%。S3组刺参体腔液超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力及对饲料蛋白的消化率(87.26%)均显著高于S0组,说明山药粉替代鼠尾藻,添加明胶包膜赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸可以显著提高刺参生长速度及免疫能力。  相似文献   

7.
本实验研究了吐脏及再生过程对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)生长、消化生理及体成分的影响。实验分两个阶段,阶段一刺参被投喂通过添加鱼粉提高蛋白水平的饲料56 d,阶段二设置4个处理组,进行转食低蛋白饲料处理(转食单处理组)、吐脏处理(吐脏单处理组)、吐脏后转食低蛋白饲料处理(吐脏转食组)或不做处理(对照组),饲养100 d,并测定刺参的特定生长率(SGR)、胰蛋白酶活性和体壁蛋白含量。结果表明:(1)吐脏处理后刺参SGR呈明显的时间变化,前28 d呈现负增长,第28~42天恢复正生长,并于第56天后出现快速补偿生长,显著高于未吐脏刺参(P0.05)。(2)高蛋白饲料更有利于刺参吐脏后的再生恢复,吐脏处理对刺参整体实验阶段的SGR无显著性影响(P=0.271),但会显著提高体壁蛋白含量(P0.05)。(3)对照组刺参酶活性随时间平稳波动;转食单处理组刺参酶活在转食低蛋白饲料后前35 d始终高于对照组且呈现波动下降,并于第49天后持续低于对照组,呈现出具有规律的蛋白酶可塑性;吐脏处理组,刺参吐脏后第28天已再生出完整的新生肠道,新生肠道前期并不具有胰蛋白酶可塑性,直至再生后第70天方观察到消化酶对饲料的适应性调节。本研究结果表明:刺参吐脏再生过程能显著影响刺参的生长及消化生理,吐脏后42 d可从生长及酶活角度认为其新生肠道已具有与未吐脏肠道一样的消化能力,但吐脏后70 d方能观察到新生肠道的可塑性表现,研究结果将有助于进一步探讨刺参吐脏后肠道的修复能力,为刺参养殖提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
不同蛋白水平饲料对刺参生长和消化酶活性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过在刺参饲料中添加不同含量的鱼粉,调节饲料中蛋白水平,测定不同蛋白水平对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)消化酶活性的影响,以稳定同位素分析技术研究刺参对不同食物组分的吸收效率。实验分6个饲料处理组,鱼粉添加量分别为0(A组)、2%(B组)、5%(C组)、10%(D组)、15%(E组)和20%(F组)。实验过程中,分别于初始时间、第一周、第二周、第四周、第八周和第十二周采集刺参样品,测定刺参的特定生长率、稳定同位素13 C/12 C、15 N/14 N值和消化酶活性。结果显示:D组刺参的特定生长率最高,且与C组无显著差异(P0.05),F组显著低于其它组(P0.05);D组鱼粉对刺参的食物贡献率最高,显著高于其它组(P0.05);消化酶活性方面,蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性均为C组最高,且在饲养过程中,蛋白酶活性一直呈上升趋势,而淀粉酶活性则是先下降后上升。从刺参生长、鱼粉食物贡献率和消化酶活性综合考虑,鱼粉添加量在5%~10%最利于刺参生长。  相似文献   

9.
田丹  姜国良  刘云 《海洋科学》2013,37(10):47-52
通过研究不同体质量仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的免疫活性, 为仿刺参生长中免疫指标的建立提供依据。实验选取了50、100、150 g 左右的仿刺参各10 只, 测定其体腔细胞数量、各细胞类群比例及部分免疫酶活性。结果表明: 不同体质量的仿刺参, 其体腔细胞数量及各细胞类群、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)具有显著性变化, 而体腔液中酚氧化酶(PO)活性极低。体质量150 g左右仿刺参的细胞数量和SOD活性较其他两组都明显升高, 细胞类群也有明显变化(P<0.017), 但POD活性显著降低(P<0.05)。不同体质量的仿刺参免疫活性具有显著性差别, 说明了仿刺参免疫组分在生长过程中不断变化, 免疫防御能力在各阶段有所差别。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨使用喹烯酮对刺参幼参的安全性,研究了喹烯酮对幼参生长、非特异性免疫及抗应激能力的影响。实验选用初始体重0.6g左右的幼参,采用单因素梯度设计,以不添加任何促生长剂的饲料作对照,在饲料中分别添加10、20、50、80和100mg/kg的喹烯酮,连续投喂69d,停药2周后经长途运输考察抗应激能力的变化。结果表明,添加喹烯酮的实验组的增重率、特定生长率和成活率都高于对照组,20mg/kg组最高,且显著高于其他组。适量的喹烯酮能提高刺参幼参体壁中SOD、AKP和ACP酶的活性,20mg/kg组最高;随着时间的延长,实验组与对照组的差异减小,50d后SOD、ACP活性接近对照组水平。高浓度喹烯酮(80~100mg/kg)使幼参的抗应激能力变差。研究表明,刺参苗种中间培育期间喹烯酮的最适用量为20mg/kg。  相似文献   

11.
以大、中、小3种不同规格的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为对象,在pH为7.3、7.5、8.2、8.7、8.9不同环境中养殖30d,观测刺参行为、生长及溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:当pH为7.5、8.7时, 3种不同规格刺参均能正常活动、摄食、生长,未表现出异常状况;若超出此范围,刺参出现粪便细短、残饵增多、摄食量减少等现象,尤其在pH 8.9时,中规格刺参有明显棘刺收缩的现象,小规格刺参不同程度地出现身体收缩、棘刺平滑状态,而大规格刺参无明显表观不适现象。不同pH对3种规格刺参的特定生长率(SGR)有显著影响,随着pH升高或者降低,刺参SGR均逐渐下降,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),规格越小刺参受到抑制作用越大;刺参LZM、SOD、CAT活性随pH胁迫时间的延长呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在第10天时达到最高,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),至30 d胁迫结束时,在pH 7.3、8.9条件下,刺参免疫酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),而pH为7.5、8.7时,刺参免疫酶活性与对照差异不显著; pH胁迫对不同规格刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响存在差异,在相同胁迫条件下,酶活性依次为大规格中规格小规格,当pH7.3、8.9时,小中大规格分别在胁迫20 d、25 d、25 d后免疫酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究表明, pH胁迫会对刺参生长及免疫产生明显的影响,在刺参养殖过程中, pH属关键的理化因子之一,应密切关注其变化。  相似文献   

12.
为探究刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)种内竞争与栖息地对其群体分布的影响,作者通过缩时摄像机拍摄及视频分析,研究了刺参集群分布特征,结果发现:刺参在礁石栖息地的栖息时间显著高于在缸壁处的栖息时间(P 0.05),刺参对栖息地有明显偏好性;刺参在运动时并未聚集在同一栖息地,而离散分布在多处栖息地中(P 0.05);当密度增大到15头/缸(11.31头/m~2, d=1.3 m)时,刺参在栖息地内的平均聚集率和平均聚集时间比例会显著下降(P 0.05),种内竞争加剧,刺参多呈斑块状分布,在密度过高时种内竞争压力上升,刺参个体间选择分散以减少竞争。本研究查明了实验室条件下栖息地分布和种内竞争对刺参集群特征的影响,可为野外刺参增养殖与资源持续利用提供理论参考。  相似文献   

13.
A socio-economic assessment was conducted at Vanga, Shimoni, Majoreni and Gazi villages in the Kenyan south coast with focus on the sea cucumber fishing patterns, the social and economic characteristics of the fisher communities, the contribution of sea cucumbers to the local livelihoods, and analysis of the management systems. The results indicate that sea cucumber fishers are mainly men. Fishing is done in sub-tidal areas (3–10 m deep) and inter-tidal areas depending on the species being targeted. Those who fish in the sub-tidal areas do skin diving without using SCUBA diving gear. Sea cucumber fishing is heavily done during the northeast monsoon season when the sea is calm and water is clear. About 32% of the sea cucumber fishers also collect other marine products such as octopus. The sea cucumbers are sold fresh from the sea to local first level middlemen who process and sell them to the second level middlemen and exporters in Mombasa. The fishers occasionally borrow money from first level middlemen especially when they fail to catch sea cucumbers but this in turn creates conditions of dependence and possible exploitation. Almost all sea cucumber fishers have stated that they are not willing to make sea cucumbers part of their daily diet. The economic value of the product was substantial; the average monthly revenue for dry sea cucumbers in the area was estimated to US$ 8000. The relative highest profits are derived from juvenile species, thus there is an economic incentive hindering local stocks to reach sexual maturity, which in turn may create a situation in which recruitment success is highly dependent on faraway populations. The present management system falls into general fisheries regulations and was found weak. No specific management plan for sea cucumbers was found.  相似文献   

14.
The Australasian sea cucumber (Australostichopus mollis) has attracted commercial attention for aquaculture development, partly due to its potential for co-culture with shellfish and finfish species. However, minimal attention has been given to the possibility of co-culturing this species with oysters. In this study we evaluated the growth of juvenile sea cucumbers (36.7 ± 0.9 g, wet weight) caged underneath Pacific oyster farms in northern New Zealand. Co-culture started at the end of the summer, and after 304 days the juveniles had doubled in size (79.8 ± 3.3 g, wet weight), but their subsequent growth appeared to be constrained by overstocking of the cages and summer water temperatures, reaching a carrying capacity of 720 g m?2. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the co-culture of juvenile sea cucumbers with Pacific oysters is feasible, if sea cucumber losses are reduced (between 33% and 52% lost in this study) and careful attention is given to stocking rates and the water temperature regimes of oyster farms in order to maintain adequate growth rates.  相似文献   

15.
Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka), is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study,sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color: white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid.Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene,which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus.  相似文献   

16.
研究了石斑鱼肠道原籍嗜冷杆菌SE6在体外的抑菌特性及对人工胃肠液的耐受特性,在此基础上研究了饲料中添加SE6(108CFU/g)对斜带石斑鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响。体外试验结果表明:SE6对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、梅氏弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等常见水产致病菌均有一定的抑制作用。pH为4.0的人工胃液能促进SE6的生长,处理2和4 h存活率分别为110.7%和173.0%;pH为3.0的人工胃液处理2 h后活菌数为1.59×105 CFU/cm3,存活率为1.36%,但SE6不能耐受pH为2.0的人工胃液。经浓度分别为0.1%,0.3%,0.5%和0.7%的胆盐处理3 h后,SE6的存活率分别为89.17%,88.33%,77.17%和12.33%。动物试验结果显示:投喂SE6 60 d后试验组饵料系数(0.95±0.01)显著低于对照组(1.03±0.02)。试验组血清补体C3在试验全期均高于对照组,补体C4含量在投喂SE6 60 d时显著上升。血清IgM含量在投喂30 d时显著上升。总之,嗜冷杆菌SE6能抑制多种常见病原菌的生长,而且对模拟胃肠道环境具有一定的耐受能力,添加到饲料中能显著提高石斑鱼饵料利用率,增强动物的免疫功能。  相似文献   

17.
Holothuria arguinensis is a potential species for sea cucumber aquaculture in Europe. In a first experiment, feeding rate (FR), growth, absorption efficiency (AE) and survival of adults (135.01?±?10.87?g eviscerated weight) were assessed under sediment tank conditions. In a second experiment, the feasibility to use sea bream (Sparus aurata) biodeposits as a food source was studied for adults (168.69?±?14.59?g eviscerated weight). Individuals in the first experiment showed an increase of weight (specific growth rate (SGR)?=?0.2% d?1), positive FRs and mean value of AE close to 80% with a mean organic matter content of 90.07?±?11.5?mg/g in the offered sediment. Sea cucumbers fed with fish biodeposits showed a reduction of weight (SGR??1), low FRs and negative values of AE. The influence of low salinity and temperature during experiments should be considered to explain these results. Indeed, sea cucumbers can be affected by a decrease of these parameters during winter months resulting in a period of inactivity.  相似文献   

18.
由于黄河口区域盐度偏低且不稳定,刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的生长和存活受到严重威胁。为评估4个不同品系(日本刺参F2代RC-F2、抗病刺参F3代KC-F3、多刺刺参F2代DC-F2、青青刺参F1代QQ-F1)的低盐耐受力及其生理生化响应,本实验以青岛野生群体(QW)为对照,通过测定低盐胁迫下幼参的生长、存活以及非特异性免疫酶活力变化,评价了4个刺参不同选育品系对低盐的耐受状况。结果表明,在盐度17以下,除了QQ-F1表现为正生长,其他群体均为负生长。RC-F2、KC-F3、DC-F2、QQ-F1和QW的30天半致死盐度(LS50-30d)分别为15.02、15.19、16.48、14.26和15.13,QQ-F1显著低于其他4个群体;盐度14时,5个群体的半致死时间(ST50)分别为19.84 d、18.43 d、10.11 d、23.54 d和19.01 d,QQ-F1的ST50显著长于其他4个群体。在低盐胁迫时QQ-F1的ACP、AKP、SOD、LZM酶指标的下降幅度显著低于其他4个群体。不同选育群体的低盐耐受力排序为QQ-F1RC-F2QWKC-F3DC-F2,QQ-F1群体表现出良好的低盐耐受能力,在低盐度海域或盐度不稳定的海域具有良好的推广应用前景。本实验研究结果可为刺参健康养殖、良种性状评价、选育与推广等方面提供参考依据。  相似文献   

19.
刺参养殖池塘中一株益生芽孢杆菌的分离及鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
针对目前刺参池塘养殖中微生态制剂施用混乱、标准不一以及效果不稳定性等现状,本研究从刺参养殖池塘底泥中分离土著芽孢杆菌菌株,并通过菌落形态特征、16s rDNA测序分析和生理生化试验对该菌株进行了鉴定,确定该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),命名为XA-01,该茵可为微生态制剂的制备提...  相似文献   

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