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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(4)
基于2001年1月—2014年7月期间的Argo温盐剖面资料,利用循环平稳经验正交函数(CSEOF)分解、最大熵谱分析和相关分析等方法,研究了西太平洋暖池海域上层海洋热盐含量的空间分布、季节和年际变化特征,并探讨了其可能的变化原因。结果表明,暖池海域次表层热含量的变化要远远大于表层,盐含量以表层变化为主,次表层变化不大,且热含量受ENSO事件影响较大,而盐含量受ENSO事件的影响并不大,以气候态变化为主;CSEOF分析表明,暖池海域热含量第一模态空间场具有显著的东-西反相位年际振荡,盐含量第一模态则呈正-负-正的三极子变化模态,时间序列显示,热含量在2007年以后伴随ENSO事件经过了3次位相调整,盐含量在2007年以后只经过一次位相调整。进一步分析表明,热含量变化主要受到ENSO、局地风和纬向流的影响,而引起盐含量变化的原因更为复杂,其中纬向流和淡水通量对研究海域盐含量的影响均为正反馈效应。 相似文献
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1986—1987年厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件形成发展过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用近期热带太平洋大气—海洋实测资料,对起始于1986年9月的厄尔尼诺(EI-Ni(?)o)-南方涛动(ENSO)事件作了初步分析,发观亦道太平洋月际STS距平、纬向风指数、平均海平面高度距平、南方涛动指数、地球射出长波辐射、大气环流遥相关型和西太平洋副热带高压等在这次ENSO事件发生前后均有显著变化。作者指出,这次ENSO事件中,赤道太平洋海温异常增暖不是象通常那样发生在春季和由南美沿岸向西发展,而是发生在秋季,且首先出现在中赤道太平洋日界线区,而后迅速向东发展,从海温异常增暖的强度和持续时间来看,这次ENSO事件基本属一次中等强度过程。 相似文献
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热带西太平洋暖池是全球大洋表面温度最高的区域,也是全球海-气能量交换年总量最大的海域。它的维持和变化不仅对El Nifio的发生、发展起着重要作用,而且对中高纬度大气环流的变化也有重要影响。近年来国内外对热带西太平洋暖池进行了许多实验和研究,取得了一些有意义的结果(王世平,1989; Wyrtki,1989;黄荣辉,1994;董敏,1994;Wajsowicz,1994)。但是这些研究多偏重于暖池对大气环流和东亚气候的影响方面,对暖池本身的主要特征及其变异方面的研究相对较少,而后者却是进一步了解发生在暖池区的海-气相互作用的过程,研究暖池在全球气候变化中的作用所不可缺少的。本文在分析1951-1990年间的SST资料和137°E,155°E,165°E断面观测结果的基础上,结合有关研究成果(符淙斌,1990),对暖池的形态、高温中心和热含量这三个主要特征及其变异特点进行了研究,并初步找出了暖池表面面积与南方涛动指数和副热带高压面积指数间的关系。 相似文献
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本文选用1951—1986年赤道太平洋(10°S—10°N,180—85°W)海表面温度(SST)与南方涛动指数及副热带高压特征指数,重点探讨了海洋与大气之间的相互作用过程,得出了起主导作用的因素,认为与选取代表赤道太平洋平均海面温度的海区范围和选用代表南方涛动的两个气压站有直接关系。 相似文献
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基于2001年1月～2014年7月期间的Argo温盐剖面资料，利用循环平稳经验正交函数（CSEOF）分解、最大熵谱分析和相关分析等方法，研究了西太平洋暖池海域上层海洋热盐含量的空间分布、季节和年际变化特征，并探讨了其影响机制。结果表明，暖池海域近表层与次表层热含量逐年变化呈反位相变化模态，同样盐含量变化趋势也不尽相同。无论热含量还是盐含量，都存在着明显的季节和年际变化。CSEOF分析表明，暖池海域热含量第一模态空间场具有显著的东—西反相位年际振荡，盐含量第一模态则呈正-负-正的三极子模态，但时间序列显示，热含量在2007年以后经过3次位相调整，而盐含量2007年以后只经过一次位相调整，且这种年际变化都与ENSO事件有关，且热含量相比于盐含量受ENSO影响更大。El Niño期间，暖池海域西部热含量减少， 东部增加，La Niña期间则相反；研究海域南北部盐含量在El Niño期间增加，中部（暖池高温中心）减少，La Niña期间则相反；进一步分析表明，热含量变化主要受到局地风场以及纬向流的影响，而盐含量变化则受淡水通量和纬向流的影响。 相似文献
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西太平洋暖池热含量时频特征的区域性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1955-1999年间的JEDAC月平均海温资料，利用Morlet小波变换方法，对西太平洋暖池东、西代表区热含量的时（间）-频（率）特征进行了分析，并用交叉谱分析方法探讨了两海区热含量间的耦合振荡，结果表明，暖池热含量的时频特征具有明显的区域性，即暖池东、西区热含量的年际和年代际变化都是反相的，且其年际变化的时频特征有较大差异，暖池东、西区热含量间主要存在着年际（43个月）和年代际（172个月）时间尺度的反位相耦合振荡。 相似文献
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赤道暖池温跃层海温对低纬大气环流的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用1967-1985年间,西太平洋137°E剖面(34°N-1°S)的深层海温调查资料及500hPa月平均图,首先分析了该剖面上深层海温变化的分布结构和年际变率特征,发现西太平洋赤道暖池温跃层(取纬度4°-8°N,厚度75-200米)海温年际间的变化与赤道逆流流量呈反位相的关系,在埃尔尼诺年期间,赤道逆流(自西向东)加强,赤道暖池温跃层海温下降.当埃尔尼诺结束时,赤道逆流流量迅速减小、温跃层海温上升在此基础上进一步研究了赤道暖池温跃层海温对低纬大气环流的影响,发现赤道暖池温跃层海温与低纬大气的关系比赤道东太平洋海表温度要明显,尤其是对夏季低纬大气和副热带高压强弱的关系更为密切,这一统计事实说明,赤道暖池温跃层海温的变化可能是影响低纬大气环流异常变化的重要热源. 相似文献
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综述了近20年来国内外在有关西太平洋暖池热含量、热带西太平洋上层热含量与西太平洋年际变化事件(ENSO)的关系、热带太平洋上层热含量变化的主要模态以及热含量估算等方面所取得的主要研究成果。研究表明:(1)热带西太平洋暖池区是太平洋上层热含量异常变化最大的区域,上层热含量异常影响了暖池上空的环流(如南海夏季风、副热带高压系统)特征,进而影响气候;(2)赤道西太平洋温跃层以浅的热含量在ENSO发生之前有明显的积聚,其变化明显领先于赤道东太平洋SSTA的变化,领先时间可达数月之久,从而使热含量与ENSO的相关性,以及利用热含量的变异对ENSO进行更长时间的预报成为可能;(3)西太平洋上层热含量存在纬向变异和经向变异两种模态,其中纬向变异模态占主导地位,且超前经向变异模态;(4)由于海洋深层资料难以获取,各种仪器本身存在系统误差,以及采用不同的计算方法,对海洋上层热结构分布与变异的研究受到了一定的限制。随着由3000多个浮标组成的全球Argo实时海洋观测网的建成,Argo数据库每年可以提供多达10万个剖面(0～2000m层)的温、盐数据。Argo资料与其它海洋资料的结合,有助于研究全球海洋温、盐度和海流场结构及其变化规律,准确估算逐月甚至逐年的全球海洋热含量及其季节和年际变化将成为现实。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献