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毛细管气相色谱法测定海带提取多糖中的L-褐藻糖含量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立快速而准确灵敏的方法测定海带(Laminaria japonica)提取多糖——褐藻多糖硫酸酯中的L，褐藻糖含量。海带多糖经酸解后，转化成糖腈乙酸酯衍生物。采用SGEAC225毛细管柱进行分离，实验中以肌醇为内标物。从青岛产海带提取的褐藻多糖硫酸酯中仅含有L，褐藻糖和I)-半乳糖2种单糖，样品10-1，10-2，10-3，1阻4中的L褐藻糖的平均含量分别为32．9072％，32．3147％，31．2924％，32．3571％，回收率为97．1％～99．9％，变异系数为0．23％～0．60％。采用气相色谱法测定海带多糖中的L褐藻糖含量准确、可靠。 相似文献
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几种褐藻中褐藻多糖硫酸酯的分离及分析 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
分别从３种马尾藻及３份不同产地的海带中提取出褐藻多糖酸酯，并比较了它们的得率和化学组分。得率最高的在大连产海带，为５．５％。马尾藻褐藻多糖硫酸酯组成都很复杂，硫酸根含量都比较低。 相似文献
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海带类的工业利用在国外从17世纪末就开始,19世纪中叶起陆续出现了一些综合利用的方法。近20年来在这方面进行研究工作较多的国家有日本、英国、苏联等。
近几年来,我国由于大力开展了海带的人工养殖,产量猛增,为工业利用提供了必要的基础。我们在研究了海带综合利用中的两个关键性问题一一原料处理和主产品褐藻酸的提取条件——之后,接着开始了综合利用方法的研究。
国外所研究的海带综合利用要点和缺点大致是： 1. 从同一份海带中综合考虑的产品大多是褐藻酸、碘和甘露醇,而很少同时考虑氯化鉀、褐藻淀粉等其他产品; 2. 水溶性成分是用稀酸提取,这不仅消耗酸和中和用碱,而且对褐藻酸会带来很不利的影响; 3. 甘露醇和碘的分离也各有不同：高桥等推荐用铜沉淀法;英国则直接用酒精从海藻中提取甘露醇,或从稀酸提取液中加有机药品制成水不溶性甘露醇衍生物。前者所需铜盐量相当大,且对于氯化鉀、褐藻淀粉的分离研究不利;后者直接以酒精煮沸海藻,必将显著减低褐藻酸粘度,而水不溶性甘露醇沉淀的制备则成本太高,无多大实用价值。
我们认为,要寻求一个较全面、合理、轻济、简易的综合利用流程,首先应考虑： 1. 各种成分如褐藻酸、甘露醇、碘、氯化鉀、褐藻淀粉等的全面利用的流程; 2. 以水代替稀酸作提取剂;同时确定各种产品的适宜分离条件等。
综合利用流程的初步轮廓和结果已于1959年初提出。其后至1960年初这段时间内,我们对于各产品的分离条件和在各步骤中的产率等方面作了比较系统的进一步实验,并且对于先前提出的流程作了部分修正、补充。 相似文献
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研究一种糖胺聚精分离纯化方法。对用蛋白酶水解法从海湾扇贝中提取的扇贝糖胺聚精粗制品，采用吸附法、透析法、乙醇沉淀法和ＣＴＡＢ（十六烷基三甲溴化铵，Ｃｅｔｙｌｔｒｉｍｅｔｈｙｌａｍｍｏｎｉｕｍｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ）沉淀法分高纯化。结果表明，最终所得主要级分的琼脂糖凝胶电泳和高效液相色谱显示单一区带，指出这一纯化过程是简便、实用、有效的纯化方法。 相似文献
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以海带(Laminaria ja ponica Aresch)为重点，综述了海带属褐藻生物学研究成就，介绍了海带属褐藻遗传育种技术、育苗技术和分子生物学研究进展。海带属褐藻生物学研究基础好，种质资源丰富，经济、生态价值高，是进行大型海藻遗传学和基因组学研究的理想材料。 相似文献
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海带(Saccharina japonica)是我国的主要经济褐藻,从海带中制备的褐藻多糖硫酸酯具有免疫调节等多种生物活性,但鲜有基于组学的研究报道。本文采用RNA高通量测序(RNA-sequencing,RNA-seq)转录组学技术以及平行反应监测(Parallel Reaction Monitoring,PRM)靶向定量蛋白组学方法,探究海带褐藻多糖硫酸酯作用于小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7后对巨噬细胞功能和通路的影响。结果表明,褐藻多糖硫酸酯(100μg/mL)作用于RAW 264.7细胞后,差异表达基因主要富集在免疫反应、先天性免疫应答等生物过程以及TNF、NF-κB、Toll样受体等信号通路,也可促进RAW 264.7细胞膜蛋白A类清道夫受体(SR-A)中SCARA3和Toll样受体中TLR4的表达。采用流式细胞仪对褐藻多糖硫酸酯作用后SR-A和TLR4的表达量进行蛋白水平的验证,SR-A和TLR4的表达量均有升高,证实了组学结果的可靠性。本研究结果为利用褐藻多糖硫酸酯开发具有免疫调节作用的功能食品或药物提供依据。 相似文献
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褐藻纲 (Ｐｈａｅｒｐｈｙｃｅａｅ）中的海藻除墨角藻目 (Ｆｕｃａｌｅｓ)外 ,都具有典型的世代生活交替史 ,即单倍体的配子体与二倍体的孢子体相交替出现 ,尤其是在具有异相世代交替的褐藻中 ,配子体与孢子体形态差别显著 ,孢子体巨大而配子体一般需借助显微镜才能观察清楚 ,并且配子体可以独立于孢子体存活。早在３０年代 ,Ｈａｒｒｉｓ就对影响海带目的掌状海带 (Ｌａｍｉｎａｒｉａｄｉｇｉｔａｔａ) ,糖海带 (Ｌ．ｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｎａ) ,克氏海带(Ｌ．ｃｌｏｕｓｔｏｎｉ)的配子体及幼孢子体生长和发育的环境因子进行了详细的研究 ,… 相似文献
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《海洋科学集刊》2017,(0)
褐藻多糖硫酸酯(fucoidan,FPS)是所有褐藻中所固有的细胞间多糖,存在于细胞壁基质中。生长于潮间带、长时间与空气接触的褐藻种类中,如多年生的墨角藻(Fucus vesiculosus)类,其褐藻多糖硫酸酯的含量可高达20%;生长在较深处的海带(Saccharina japonica)类中含量较低,约为1%~2%。褐藻多糖硫酸酯是一类独特的结合有硫酸基的水溶性杂聚糖,其化学组成和结构非常复杂,以岩藻糖和硫酸基为主,随着褐藻的种类不同还含有半乳糖、木糖、糖醛酸等其他成分。褐藻多糖硫酸酯具有多种生物活性,目前针对墨角藻、泡叶藻(Ascophyllum nodosum)、鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)等褐藻中的褐藻多糖硫酸酯研究较多,发现其具有免疫调节、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗氧化等生物活性。本文主要就褐藻多糖硫酸酯的提取、纯化、结构及生物活性等方面研究进行综述。 相似文献
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Induction of EROD activity in Paralichthys olivaceus by polychlorinated biphenyl CB-28 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract-The test organisms (Paralichthys olivaceus) were exposed to CB-28 with differentspiked concentrations. After 72 h, EROD activities in livers of the test organisms were measured. It wasfound that EROD activities significantly mounted up with the increase of spiked quantity. Therefore,there existed a dose-response relationship between EROD activities and specific pollutant concentrations.In the meantime, the optimal conditions for the analysis of EROD activity were discussed. The limita-tion of EROD activities as a monitoring parameter was also analyzed. 相似文献
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Sirpa Huuskonen Tiina Rsnen Kari Koponen Pirjo Lindstrm-Sepp 《Marine environmental research》1995,39(1-4)
Hepatic monooxygenase enzyme activities and relative cytochrome P4501A protein content were measured to evaluate the time-course alterations in rainbow trout after change in living habitat. Fish were transferred from one fish farm to the tanks of another hatchery and/or into cages kept in a lake. In the new habitats, cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme activities in rainbow trout decreased, and were at their lowest levels after two or three weeks in the summer. Later the activities partly reversed. The immunodetection of cytochrome P4501A protein expressed a similar trend as for catalytic monooxygenase activities. 相似文献
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苯并（a）芘对大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
在实验生态条件下，研究了在苯并（a)芘（BaP)胁迫下大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化，结果显示：暴露3d时，不同BaP含量组大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD活性无显著差异（P＞0．05），而暴露7d时，随着B aP含量的升高，0.5mg/dm^3 BaP含量组SOD活性被显著诱导（P＜0．05），为对照组的1．87倍；随着暴露时间的延长，各含量组肝脏SOD的活性均表现出不同程度的下降趋势，其中对照组肝脏SOD活性显著降低，表明SOD活性易受污染以外的因素，如水体容量、铒料、光照等的影响。污染解除后，0.5mg/dm^3含量组SOD活性显著升高，表明大弹涂鱼肝脏仍具有较强的生理调节机能，也可能表明SOD活性的变化相对于环境因子改变的“迟滞性”。以上这些结果表明SOD有可能作为大弹涂鱼受BaP胁迫的生物指标。 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the responses of phase I and II biotransformation enzymes and levels of PAHs in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) collected from three sites at different distance from an oil refinery. Phase I enzyme activities as NAD(P)H-cyt c red, NADH ferry red, B(a)PMO and phase II as UDPGT, GST were measured in digestive gland while 16 PAHs (US-EPA) in whole soft tissue. An added value to the data obtained in the present study rely on the RDA analysis which showed close correlations between PAHs levels and phase I enzyme activities in mussels collected in front of the refinery. And again a significant spatial correlation between B(a)P levels and NADPH-cyt c red activities was observed using linear models. No differences among sites for B(a)PMO and phase II GST activities were observed, while the application of UDPGT as biomarkers requires further investigation. 相似文献
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Phosphatase activities in a large, shallow estuary in south western Western Australia have been assessed. Differences were found in enzyme activities in the two sections of the estuary. There were seasonal and diurnal variations as well. Phosphatase activities were most closely correlated with chlorophyll and organic nitrogen concentrations. In diurnal studies, the rates of change of phosphatase activity corresponded with the rates of change in orthophosphate. The role of phosphatase activity in regeneration of esterified phosphorus in the estuary is discussed. 相似文献
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The effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase （EROD）, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities of digestive gland in Meretrix meretrix exposed to tributyltin （TBT） at environmental levels （0.1,1.0,10.0 ng/dm as stannum concentration）,in experimental condition, were evaluated. The EROD, NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 8 and 20 d, the NADPH cytochrorne c reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm TBT for 8 d and to 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm for 20 d, as compared with the matched control, while NADH cytochrorne b5 reductases and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities were induced after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 2 d. The EROD activity in the 10 ng/dm^3 group,and the NADH cytochrome b5 reductases activities in 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm groups, were significantly induced when transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 d. The three enzymic activities in the clams exposed to TBT were recovered to the level corresponding to that of the control group after transfer to clean recovery tanks for 20 d. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity in Meretrix meretrix seems to be more sensitive to exposure of TBT than that of the EROD and NADH cytochrome b5 reductases. The results suggest that induction and inhibition by TBT to the monooxygenase system enzymic activity in Meretrix meretrix would simultaneously exist. The enzymic activities were inhibited by exposure for a long time. The results suggest that inhibition of the monooxygenase system should be an indication of the exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT for a long time. 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2007,50(5-6):352-362
A clean-coast index (CCI) was developed and is suggested as a tool for evaluation of the actual coast cleanliness. It measures plastic debris as a beach cleanliness indicator, in an easy way precluding bias by the assessor. Furthermore, the CCI is the measuring tool of the “Clean Coast” program—a new, long-term approach for cleaner beaches by various activities such as an increase in the public awareness. The CCI was proved to be a useful tool for measuring progress and the success of activities such as education campaigns, media coverage and enforcement actions. 相似文献
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四种虾蟹类幼体消化酶活力的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
潘鲁青 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(3)
采用酶学分析方法测定了中国对虾、日本对虾、中华绒螯蟹和三疣梭子蟹各期幼体的４种消化酶活力，并对它们在幼体发育过程中消化酶活力的变化规律进行了分析研究。实验结果表明，４种虾蟹类在整个幼体发育过程中，４种消化酶活力表现出３种不同的变化模式，其中虾类和蟹类幼体消化酶活力的变化模式有各自的相似性；而且它们的胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力较高，纤维素酶活力极微。在食性转换过程中，胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力出现较明显的变化。同时还探讨采用淀粉酶／类胰蛋白酶活力（Ａ／Ｔ）比值作为甲壳动物幼体的食性指标 相似文献