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1.
利用fAFLP标记技术和PCR-RFLP技术,对采集于广西的形态和壳色变异很大的2个文蛤群体(G、W)以及山东文蛤(S)群体进行了遗传结构和亲缘关系研究.fAFLP分析显示:在457个总扩增位点中存在53个W群体的特异性位点(其中9个为100%显性)、21个G群体的特异性位点、14个S群体的特异性位点,这些位点可作为群体鉴别的特征性标记;通过计算群体间相对遗传距离和聚类分析,发现S和G间的遗传距离最小(0.0424),在系统树上首先聚在一起,而W与S、G的相对遗传距离均很大(0.2308和0.2305),单独分出一支.对文蛤核糖体ITS的PCR-RFLP结果显示:W的三个不同壳色类群(WX、WC、WH)的酶切结果完全一致,而与G和S群体差别较大;G和S群体基本一致,但也稍有差别.进一步的ITS序列分析显示:W的ITS序列长度为1266-1269bp.而G和S分别为1614bp和1520bp;W群体内部序列比较保守,而与G和S群体之间在ITSl和ITS2开始和结尾处均存在多处插入/缺失;在依据序列构建的系统树上,WX、WC、WH三个类群聚在一起,S和G聚为另一支,两支相距甚远.本研究结果表明,fAFLP标记分析、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析结果一致,W群体和G、S群体的差异较大,已超出种内群体间的遗传变异,S和G尽管存在遗传分化,但仍应同属Meretrix meretrix-个物种. 相似文献
2.
文蛤属(Meretrix)16S rRNA基因及ITS1序列的系统学分析 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8
利用线粒体16SrRNA基因片段及核糖体DNA转录间隔区ITS1序列分析的方法,以近缘属的青蛤(Cyclinasinensis)为外群,对文蛤属的文蛤(M.meretrix)、丽文蛤(M.lusoria)、帘文蛤(M.lyrata)和斧文蛤(M.lamarckii)4种贝类进行了系统学研究。经ClustalX多重比对及DNAsp软件分析后,用PAUP4.0分析软件,计算出种间序列的碱基转换/颠换频率,利用邻接法NJ构建系统发育树。结果表明,帘文蛤与该属其他三种的分歧时间较早,两类序列与其他种类间的相对遗传距离分别在0.25866—0.28218和0.15644—0.20104之间。文蛤与丽文蛤间的16SrDNA及ITS1序列间的遗传距离仅为0.04805和0.04201,拓扑结构图显示关系很近,并且二者的分布区大面积重叠,其序列间的转换/颠换频率接近种内单元型(haplotype)间的序列变化,鉴于它们的贝壳形态有一定差别,应归为同一个种内的不同地理亚种比较恰当。 相似文献
3.
海蜇养殖群体及自然捕获群体ITS 序列遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)自然海区群体和养殖群体遗传多样性,对烟台莱州湾和江苏海州湾自然海区捕获群体及威海养殖群体24个个体的ITS序列进行了PCR扩增和序列分析,获得DNA片段长度在1 080~1 096 bp之间,包括完整的ITS1,5.8S和完整ITS2序列。结果表明,在所测碱基序列中共发现26个变异位点,4处多碱基插入位置,29个插入缺失位点。群体内平均核苷酸差异数K和平均核苷酸多样性指数Pi为2.179~2.750和0.002 02~0.002 54,群体间平均核苷酸差异数K值波动在2.797~3.031之间,遗传距离在0.002 30~0.002 81之间,遗传分化指数(Fst)值在0.032 50~0.730 8之间,群体内及群体间遗传多样性指标数值比较相近,群体间的遗传距离比较小,群体遗传结构相似,群体间没有明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
4.
利用PCR技术对澄黄滨珊瑚的2种分子标记（线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基1基因COI和核糖体RNA内转录间隔区基因ITS）进行测序,探讨COI序列和ITS序列在澄黄滨珊瑚（Porites lutea）群体研究中的适用性,并从中选出最适合研究澄黄滨珊瑚群体遗传多样性的分子标记．结果显示COI序列变异位点少,成对序列差异在群体内、群体间都很小,不适于澄黄滨珊瑚的群体研究;而ITS区序列个体内成对的序列差异仅为0．35％,可以作为研究澄黄滨珊瑚群体遗传多样性的分子标记;通过对ITS1、ITS2、5．8SrRNA、ITS1＋ITS2及ITS区序列的比较,认为ITS1＋ITS2序列是最适合研究澄黄滨珊瑚群体遗传多样性的分子标记．本研究为以后研究我国沿岸造礁石珊瑚澄黄滨珊瑚的群体遗传结构提供方法依据,从而为保护管理扣恢复受损珊瑚礁生态系统提供遗传学数据支持． 相似文献
5.
应用方差分析和Tukey多重比较对文蛤的辽宁(LN)、山东(SD)、江苏(JS)、广西(GX)4个自然地理群体的7个壳形态参数进行了研究,结果发现,SD和JS群体间差异不显著,LN和Gx群体差异不显著,Gx群体与SD和JS群体间差异显著(P<0.05).利用4对引物组合对这4个群体进行了AFLP扩增,共得到236个位点,其中特有位点14个,这些特有位点可作为群体鉴别的特征性标记.遗传多样性分析表明,4个文蛤群体的遗传多样性水平均较高,而以Gx群体最高,Nei's基因多样性指数和Shannon's多样性指数分别达到0.2636、0.3961,sD群体最低.分别为0.2308、0.3462.从群体间遗传距离和NJ法构建的亲缘关系谱系图来看,LN和SD群体的遗传距离最近(0.0394),首先聚在一起,而Gx群体与其他3个群体间都较远(0.1271-0.1586),单独分出一支,这说明Gx群体已发生了明显的遗传分化,用它与其他3个群体杂交可望较大幅度地提高遗传多样性水平. 相似文献
6.
红壳文蛤双列杂交及杂种优势分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以广西(G)、江苏(S)和日本(J)3个文蛤群体中原种红壳文蛤进行双列杂交,获得了试验家系(Gg、Ss、Gs、Gj、Sg、Sj),比较其生长性能,并评估杂种优势。从生长来看,浮游期杂交组的日生长率大于自繁组;以江苏文蛤为母本的组合的壳长均显著大于以广西文蛤为母本的组合(P0.05),壳长受卵源影响极显著(P0.01)。稚贝和幼贝期,杂交组的日生长率均大于自繁组,杂交组合Gs的日生长率从13日龄至149日龄均最大;交配方式对壳长极显著影响(P0.01)。从存活率来看,杂交组的存活优势更明显,Gs的存活率几乎均最高。从杂种优势来看,杂交组从13日龄以后具明显的杂种优势,尤其是Gs在1—149日龄均呈正值。广西群体和江苏群体间建立了完全2×2双列杂交,中亲杂种优势一直大于0,且始终介于单亲杂种优势HGs和HSg之间。杂种优势潜力指数(hp)表明,1—5日龄的数值介于–1和1之间,未产生杂种衰退;13日龄后的数值均大于1,表明真正获得了杂种优势。杂种获得(hg)及13日龄后的超亲优势率均为正值,进一步说明壳长性状得到了明显改良。从壳色来看,子代的红壳个体占比为72.80%—76.49%,均得到明显提高。总之,杂交组合Gs的杂种优势最明显,为开展3个群体的杂交育种提供了参考依据。 相似文献
7.
对我国沿海4个野生群体三疣梭子蟹的核糖体RNA转录单元内间隔区ITS1基因片段进行克隆和测序,获得长度为515—571bp的ITS1核苷酸序列,在4个群体的三疣梭子蟹中共检测到变异位点56个,多态位点比例为9.5%,其中简约信息位点25个,共检测到40种单倍型。通过统计单倍型多态性、平均核苷酸差异数和核苷酸多样性指数,结果显示:舟山群体多样性指数最高,其次是鸭绿江口群体和海洲湾群体,莱州湾群体最低。在三疣梭子蟹ITS1序列中共发现5种微卫星位点,AMOVA分析结果显示4个群体间的遗传差异显著。另外,将本研究所得序列结合GenBank数据库中十足目12种蟹ITS1序列构建系统进化树,系统树显示同属的不同种各自聚支,与形态学分类吻合。 相似文献
8.
对采自不同群体的5个中国明对虾个体的核糖体RNA转录单元内间隔区1(ITS1)序列特点进行分析,并利用GeneBank数据库中已有的对虾科(Penaeidae)ITS1同源序列对对虾科虾类进行系统分析,探讨ITS1序列在对虾科系统及演化中的应用.结果表明,中国明对虾ITS1序列在个体间和个体内都表现出长度多态性,序列长度范围为637～652 bp,这种长度多态性主要是由于微卫星DNA简单重复序列的重复次数不同所造成.在中国明对虾ITS1序列中发现8个微卫星位点,根据目前已知的12种对虾的ITS1序列,发现某些微卫星位点只存于1种对虾中,如(CAGC)_(2-4)只存在于中国明对虾中,(CGGA)_(4-9)只存在于斑节对虾中,(GCGA)_4只存在于短沟对虾中.利用ITS1序列对12种对虾进行的系统分析表明,12种对虾分为4个类群,同种的不同个体,同属的不同种各自聚支,与形态分类比较吻合.对虾科属间遗传距离范围为0.313～0.977,平均值为0.633,远高于用线粒体基因片段得出的属间的遗传距离,支持将原对虾属的6个亚属提升为属的观点. 相似文献
9.
采用双向电泳技术,对浙江乐清无花纹和有花纹文蛤外套膜的全蛋白进行了研究,并利用质谱和软件对差异蛋白进行了分析。经PDQuest软件分析,在pH4—7,分子量14.3—200kD之间,无花纹文蛤样品中检测到682±24个蛋白质点,有花纹样品检测到600±35个蛋白质点,平均匹配率为84.5%。研究结果显示,两种文蛤共有256个点存在差异表达,这些差异点可能与贝壳的颜色和花纹形成有关。其中98个点为无花纹文蛤特有,57个点为有花纹文蛤特有,另有101个点在表达量上存在两倍以上差异。在无花纹贝壳中发现分子量为42kD左右,等电点为6.4左右,与库蚊的肌动蛋白(分子量为41.7kD,等电点为5.3)匹配率较高;分子量为29kD,等电点为5.6,与飞鱿的肌动蛋白(分子量为29kD,等电点为5.25)匹配率较高的两个蛋白质。在有花纹文蛤中发现了分子量为27kD左右,等电点为4.8,与丽文蛤属的肌浆钙结合蛋白(分子量为20.8kD,等电点为4.98)匹配率较高。 相似文献
10.
采用通用引物PCR扩增法,测定了辽东湾海域的白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)螅状体、碟状体及水母体的18S以及ITS-5.8S r DNA序列,同时利用Gene Bank数据库中已有同源序列对其进行序列分析及系统分析。结果显示,白色霞水母3个个体的18S和ITS-5.8S r DNA序列完全一致。白色霞水母样品的ITS-5.8S r DNA序列与Gen Bank中未知真核生物的序列高度相似(≥99%),推测该物种可能是早期发育阶段(卵、浮浪幼虫或碟状体)的白色霞水母样品。霞水母属不同种间18S r DNA序列经比对后同源序列长度为1709bp,多态位点数33个;比对后ITS1同源序列长度为368bp,其中变异位点203个,简约信息位点数178个,单变异位点21个。基于18S r DNA基因序列的霞水母属种内和种间平均遗传距离分别为0、0.008,而基于ITS1序列的霞水母属种内和种间平均遗传距离分别为0.019、0.284。基于ITS1的种间遗传距离是种内遗传距离的15倍,适合于进行物种鉴定。NJ系统树的结果也表明同种的不同个体各自聚枝,其聚类结果大致与形态分类吻合。研究表明,ITS基因片段在霞水母不同种间变异较大,更适于大型水母种类鉴定、检测及属内种间水平的系统进化研究。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献