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东北太平洋海盆铁锰结核分布规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地我国东北太平洋海盆铁锰结核开辟区（ＤＹ８５－１、ＤＹ８５－３航次调查区）的系统取样和对铁锰结核富集的沉积环境条件的分析研究结果表明，研究区的呼种沉积环境中的铁锰结核分布是不均匀的，具有较高经济价值的铁锰结核分布在水深５０００－５２００ｍ、硅质粘土分布的海底丘陵地区。 相似文献
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多金属结核的海底照相是形象、直接地反映结构诉分布状态的重要资料，可用来计算结核的覆盖率，了解结核的赋存状态等，以往靠人工判读、工作量大、费时长、照片蕴含的信息难以充分提取和利用。ＮＩＲＳ多金属结构结核海底照片的处理系统。该系统可高效处理大量海底照片，提高了照片的清晰度，获取了更多的地质信息，并结合抓斗采样结果进行了地质解释。 相似文献
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东太平洋不同海域多金属结核差异的主控因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以ＤＹ８５－４航次在东太平洋的调查为基础,概述了多金属结核在东西两海区的差异;分析了影响这种差异的因素;着重探讨了多金属结核的丰度,品位,覆盖率,Ｍｎ／Ｆｅ,与伴生沉积物,断裂带,火山,侵入岩的关系。发现造成两区结核差异的因素很多,但起主控作用的是断块,火山,岩浆,热液等活动所带来的物质及对海底物理化学环境的影响。 相似文献
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“大洋一号”首航暨圆满完成ＤＹ８５－５航次调查任务“大洋一号”船首次执行大洋多金属结核矿产调查，圆满超额地完成ＤＹ８５－５航次任务．于１２月１３日返抵广州长洲码头，受到大洋协会领导、常务理事、广东省政府领导及协会四个业务依托部门领导的热烈欢迎．“大洋... 相似文献
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本文论述了多金属结核分类的目的及应遵循的原则，结合ＤＹ８５－４航次对结核的调查研究，依据结核的表面构造特征将结核分为：光滑型，粗糙型及光滑＋粗糙型，详细地叙述了不同类型多金属结核的特征及形成环境。通过对前人关于多金属结核分类扔回顾和评述，指出了前人分类的某些缺点和不足，并着重强调地我们采用分类的优点和可行性。 相似文献
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本文对“海洋四号”船于ＤＹ８５－３航次在东太平洋海盆ＣＣ区南部取得的ＰＣ５７９４和ＰＣ５６５３二个柱状沉积样的钙质超微化石作了详细的分析研究，进行了生物化石带的划分与对比。其中，ＰＣ５７９４自下而上划分出ＮＮ１，ＮＮ２和Ｎ３二个化石带；ＰＣ５６５３仅识别出ＮＮ２化石带。 相似文献
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多金属结核,铁锰结壳的同位素地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文介绍国家大洋专项“八·五”重点项目“深海地质研究”中一级专题“东太平洋海盆多金属结核同位素地球化学研究”（ＤＹ８５－０２－０３－０４）所取得的成果，总结了多金属结核Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ、Ｏ、Ｓｉ、Ｃ同位素地球化学特征，并探讨了铁锰结壳Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ同位素组成特征及其古环境意义． 相似文献
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在１９８７年美国南极研究计划Ｐｏｌａｒ Ｄｕｋｅ航次在南极半岛北部陆架采集了３２００ｋｍ地震反射剖面，结核陆地研究及ＤＳＤＰ３５４航次成果，我们地该区域的构造、气体演化史及可能的油气前景进行了分析评价。 相似文献
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1994年4－11月,国家海洋局组织和实施了DY85－4航次中国开辟区（太平洋CC区）多金属结核（下简称结核）勘探,海上勘查历时225d,勘查面积达65×103km2,其中,用重力、磁力和单道地震等方法对测区进行了地球物理调查。结果表明,火山和浅层侵入体是提供给核生成的重要物质来源。区域性的沉积间断是造成结核丰度偏高的重要因素。断块活动强烈的地区,断裂活动有利于金属元素在海底的富集。不同时代形成的海底,地幔原岩在成分上的差异或在洋壳形成过程中构造活动的差异,对结核的形成有着一定的控制因素。而上述地质构造活动,在地球物理特征上都有着明显的反映。由此可见,地球物理特征与结核的形成和富集规律有着明显的相关关系。 相似文献
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Contourites are widespread throughout the deep sea, ranging from those that build up individually distinct bodies (mounded drifts) to those that occur closely interbedded with other deep-water facies. Although seismic data should not be used to make a firm identification of contourites without supporting evidence, much progress has been made in determining the combination of seismic criteria that best represent contourite deposits. With some modifications and additions, these criteria are in broad agreement with those recently proposed by Faugères and colleagues (1999). The papers in this special issue are mainly drawn from those presented at an IGCP workshop held in Trieste, Italy (October 2000), together with selected additions. Some of the new and important topics covered include: discussion of bottom-current controlled deposits on continental shelves and in large lakes (shallow-water and lacustrine `contourites'); the unique characteristics of high-latitude contourite systems that show interaction with turbidity current, debris flow and glacigenic processes; and the importance of local slope topography, developed as a result of synsedimentary tectonics and downslope mass movement, in focussing and shaping drift deposits (infill and fault-related drifts). An introduction to the powerful use of 3D seismic data in understanding contourite systems points the way towards important future research. 相似文献
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Francisco Javier Hern��ndez-Molina Dorrik A. V. Stow Estefan��a Llave Michele Rebesco Gemma Ercilla David Van Rooij Anxo Mena Juan-Tom��s V��zquez Antje H. L. Voelker 《Geo-Marine Letters》2011,31(5-6):285-300
Deep-water circulation is a critical part of the global conveyor belt that regulates Earth??s climate. The bottom (contour)-current component of this circulation is of key significance in shaping the deep seafloor through erosion, transport, and deposition. As a result, there exists a high variety of large-scale erosional and depositional features (drifts) that together form more complex contourite depositional systems on continental slopes and rises as well as in ocean basins, generated by different water masses flowing at different depths and at different speeds either in the same or in opposite directions. Yet, the nature of these deep-water processes and the deposited contourites is still poorly understood in detail. Their ultimate decoding will undoubtedly yield information of fundamental importance to the earth and ocean sciences. The international congress Deep-water Circulation: Processes & Products was held from 16?C18 June 2010 in Baiona, Spain, hosted by the University of Vigo. Volume 31(5/6) of Geo-Marine Letters is a special double issue containing 17 selected contributions from the congress, guest edited by F.J. Hernández-Molina, D.A.V. Stow, E. Llave, M. Rebesco, G. Ercilla, D. Van Rooij, A. Mena, J.-T. Vázquez and A.H.L. Voelker. The papers and discussions at the congress and the articles in this special issue provide a truly multidisciplinary perspective of interest to both academic and industrial participants, contributing to the advancement of knowledge on deep-water bottom circulation and related processes, as well as contourite sedimentation. The multidisciplinary contributions (including geomorphology, tectonics, stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleoceanography, physical oceanography, and deep-water ecology) have demonstrated that advances in paleoceanographic reconstructions and our understanding of the ocean??s role in the global climate system depend largely on the feedbacks among disciplines. New insights into the link between the biota of deep-water ecosystems and bottom currents confirm the need for this field to be investigated and mapped in detail. Likewise, it is confirmed that deep-water contourites are not only of academic interest but also potential resources of economic value. Cumulatively, both the congress and the present volume serve to demonstrate that the role of bottom currents in shaping the seafloor has to date been generally underestimated, and that our understanding of such systems is still in its infancy. Future research on contourites, using new and more advanced techniques, should focus on a more detailed visualization of water-mass circulation and its variability, in order to decipher the physical processes involved and the associations between drifts and other common bedforms. Moreover, contourite facies models should be better established, including their associations with other deep-water sedimentary environments both in modern and ancient submarine domains. The rapid increase in deep-water exploration and the new deep-water technologies available to the oil industry and academic institutions will undoubtedly lead to spectacular advances in contourite research in terms of processes, morphology, sediment stacking patterns, facies, and their relationships with other deep-marine depositional systems. 相似文献
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Contourites in the Gulf of Cadiz: a cautionary note on potentially ambiguous indicators of bottom current velocity 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Thierry Mulder Rim Hassan Emmanuelle Ducassou Sébastien Zaragosi Eliane Gonthier Vincent Hanquiez Elodie Marchès Samuel Toucanne 《Geo-Marine Letters》2013,33(5):357-367
Facies associations in cores collected in the deep part of the Gulf of Cadiz, which is under the influence of the lower branch of the Mediterranean Outflow Water, are investigated in terms of the classical contourite model using grain-size analyses and thin sections of indurated sediment. Cores include both low-energy (contourite drift) and high-energy (channel) environments. The thin sections and grain-size distributions show that clayey fine silts and sandy coarse silts are the most common facies associations in the studied contourite sequences, while coarse-grained, gravelly contourites are less common. Grain-size distributions are unimodal in the fine-grained and bi- or trimodal in the coarser-grained contourites. This change in grain-size composition is related both to the partial removal of the fine-grained fraction and to the replenishment of the coarser-grained one. In addition, most of the contacts between individual facies are sharp rather than transitional. This suggests that the contourite sequence is only in part related to changes in bottom current velocity and flow competency, but may also be related to the supply of a coarser terrigeneous particle stock, provided by either increased erosion of indurated mud along the flanks of confined contourite channels (mud clasts), or by increased sediment supply by rivers (quartz grains) and downslope mass transport on the continental shelf and upper slope. The classical contourite facies association may therefore not be solely controlled by current velocity, but may be the product of a variety of depositional histories. The classical contourite depositional sequence should therefore be interpreted with greater care and in the light of the regional sedimentological background. In addition, the wisdom of exclusively using mean or modal particle size for the interpretation of depositional contourite processes is questioned. Instead, it is proposed that the vertical evolution of grain-size populations in the facies successions forming contourite sequences be assessed. 相似文献
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D. Casas G. Ercilla F. Estrada B. Alonso J. Baraza H. Lee 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):253-278
Our investigation is centred on the continental slope of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent basin. Type of sediments, sedimentary stratigraphy, and physical and geotechnical characterization of the sediments have been integrated. Four different types of sediments have been defined: diamictons, silty and muddy turbidites, muddy, silty and muddy matrix embedded clast contourites. There is a close correspondence between the physical properties (density, magnetic susceptibility and p-wave velocity) and the texture and/or fabric as laminations and stratification. From a quantitative point of view, only a few statistical correlations between textural and physical properties have been found. Within the geotechnical properties, only water content is most influenced by texture. This slope, with a maximum gradient observed (20°), is stable, according to the stability under gravitational loading concepts, and the maximum stable slope that would range from 22° to 29°. Nevertheless, different instability features have been observed. Volcanic activity, bottom currents, glacial loading-unloading or earthquakes can be considered as potential mechanisms to induce instability in this area. 相似文献
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D. Casas G. Ercilla F. Estrada B. Alonso J. Baraza H. Lee R. Kayen F. Chiocci 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2004,22(4):253-278
Our investigation is centred on the continental slope of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent basin. Type of sediments, sedimentary stratigraphy, and physical and geotechnical characterization of the sediments have been integrated. Four different types of sediments have been defined: diamictons, silty and muddy turbidites, muddy, silty and muddy matrix embedded clast contourites. There is a close correspondence between the physical properties (density, magnetic susceptibility and p-wave velocity) and the texture and/or fabric as laminations and stratification. From a quantitative point of view, only a few statistical correlations between textural and physical properties have been found. Within the geotechnical properties, only water content is most influenced by texture. This slope, with a maximum gradient observed (20°), is stable, according to the stability under gravitational loading concepts, and the maximum stable slope that would range from 22° to 29°. Nevertheless, different instability features have been observed. Volcanic activity, bottom currents, glacial loading-unloading or earthquakes can be considered as potential mechanisms to induce instability in this area. 相似文献
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The Neogene-to-Quaternary sediment section along the south-eastern Brazilian margin was deeply influenced by bottom currents acting from the upper slope down to the continental rise in water depths ranging from 100 m to >3,500 m. Different depositional styles are observed as a resultant of the interaction between bottom currents, seafloor topography, available grain size and time span involved in the process. Their importance in the sedimentary record varies in accordance with the intensity of that interaction. Deposits associated to bottom currents are both coarse-grained and fine-grained and are distributed along all margins. The identification of coarse-grained deposits in deep-water is critical for the petroleum industry, thus characterising sandy contourites as relevant for the understanding of reservoir analogues. Slope plastered sand sheets occur in the upper slope setting. They are strike-fed, along slope-elongated and internally characterised by high amplitude seismic reflections usually developing reflection free blankets above erosional terraces due to their small thickness (in average less than 30 m thick). Middle and lower slope contourites are mostly constituted of fine-grained plastered and separated drifts, where a general upslope migration trend and an erosional basal surface are observed. The seafloor topography from the foot of the slope towards the continental rise is controlled by salt walls and diapirs which influence the acceleration of the currents and the development of contourite drifts. Paleoceanographic reconstructions supported by seismic evidence indicate that the major currents sculpting the seafloor are southerly originated and their action can overcome the importance of gravity currents where continental supply is reduced.E&P/UN-RIO/ATEX/ABIG-PL 相似文献
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Feng H. Lu 《Geo-Marine Letters》2008,28(5-6):339-349
Low-Mg calcite shells have been widely used to reconstruct the chemistry of ancient seawater. There is always a question: are the shells chemically pristine? This paper presents the isotope and elemental geochemistry of low-Mg calcite bivalve shells in late Miocene platform carbonates, SE Spain. The platform carbonates were extensively dolomitized, and limestone is restricted to older stratal units, and to units mainly in topographically higher and more landward strata. Low-Mg calcite oyster shells were completely dissolved out in the basinward dolomite, but are well preserved in the limestone. These shells appear to retain the original growth microstructures, based on hand samples. Under the microscope, however, dissolution and recrystallization, as well as pristine growth lines are all present. Sr isotopes in these shells range from that of normal Miocene seawater to radiogenic values. δ18O and δ13C values, and Mg, Sr, and Na concentrations in these shells are rather variable. The high end members are consistent with the typical values of modern/late Miocene normal-seawater low-Mg calcite shells, whereas the low end members are close to those of diagenetic calcite cements, which have low δ18O, δ13C, Sr and Na values, and radiogenic Sr. The Nijar shells were altered physically and chemically to different degrees by diagenesis, although these shells are consistent with some “criteria” of unalteration. The isotopic and trace-element data collected in altered and pristine (or less altered) portions coexisting in the same shells are clearly differentiable. Quantitative simulation of covariations of geochemical pairs indicates that solid mixing of unaltered and altered portions by sampling is consistent with the variations in isotopic and elemental data recorded in the Nijar shells. The geological significance of this study is that ancient fabric-retentive calcite shells may have been altered geochemically although they may appear pristine. Calcite shells that underwent intensive diagenesis should be examined rigorously under the microscope, coupled with investigations of multiple geochemical proxies to assess chemical alteration. Only the data of unaltered shells can be used to reconstruct the chemistry of ancient seawater. 相似文献
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Sharareh Pourebrahim Mehrdad Hadipour Mazlin Bin Mokhtar Mohd Ibrahim Hj Mohamed 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(9):544-551
The coastal lands are very important boundaries in the natural system. But these areas are under pressure that has threatened their health by short-sighted planning policies. The management options have focused on economic production and human benefits rather than the natural systems that guaranty sustainability of them. Evaluation of sustainability in coastal lands needs some critical criteria and indicators. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an innovative reliable method for identification of the most important criteria and indicators using multi criteria techniques, especially the Analytic Network Process (ANP). Analytic Network Process as a new approach has potential to be applied into the field of coastal land use development. This is the first time ANP has been used for criteria selection to ensure sustainability in coastal land use planning. The integration of social, economic and environmental criteria within the planning framework in this paper has provided a holistic approach for integrated coastal land use development. 相似文献