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To study how the air and sea interact with each other during El Nino/La Nina onsets, extended associate pattern analysis (EAPA) is adopted with the simple ocean data assimilation (SODA) data. The results show that as El Nino/La Nina' s parents their behaviors are quite different, there does not exist a relatively independent tropical atmosphere but does exist a relatively independent tropical Pacific Ocean because the air is heated from the bottom surface instead of the top surface and of much stronger baroclinic instability than the sea and has a very large inter-tropical convergence zone covering the most tropical Pacific Ocean. The idea that it is the wester burst and wind convergence, coming from middle latitudes directly that produce the seawater eastward movement and meridional convergence in the upper levels and result in the typical El Nino sea surface temperature warm signal is confirmed again. 相似文献
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A wide angle seismic modeling methodology was developed for the purpose of studying marine gas hydrate deposits. The software for seismic modeling was selected on the basis of comparative analysis and testing of different computer programs. Five averaged prognostic two-dimensional models were developed. These models include the gas hydrate zone, the free gas zone, and the basement. The prognostic models suggested represent the structure of gas hydrate deposits for various regions of the World Ocean. Wave field calculations were made for various positions of ocean bottom seismometers with respect to the gas hydrate zone using the seismic tomography technique. Numerical experiments showed significant anomalies of the kinematical and dynamical characteristics of the refracted and wide-angle reflected waves. These anomalies are related to the gas hydrate and the free gas zones and to a possible channel of hydrocarbon supply. 相似文献
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[1]Battisti D S. 1988. The dynamics and 相似文献
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Comparison of airsea fluxes of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and the western Arctic Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The data were collected during Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Expeditions in the western Arctic Ocean and the marginal sea ice zone (MSIZ) of the Southern Ocean, respectively in the boreal summer from July to September of 1999 and in the austral summer from December of 1999 to January of 2000. The concentrations of CO2 in surface water of the survey regions would mostly present lower than those in the atmosphere. A significant biological driving force could also been observed in summer waters in both of the above oceans. Air to sea CO2 fluxes were also calculated to compare oceanic uptake capacity of CO2 in both oceans with the world oceans using Liss, Wanninkhof, and Jacobs‘s methods. The averaged CO2 fluxes of air to sea in the western Arctic Ocean or in the MSIZ of the Southern Ocean doubled that in the world oceans. 相似文献
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海洋蒸发波导是微波通信的优良天然信道,但微波信号在波导中传播时容易受气海环境因素变化的影响。本文采用扩展傅里叶幅度敏感性分析法（Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test,EFAST）,分析了蒸发波导环境中微波传播路径损失对空气温度、海表温度、近海面风和相对湿度等气海环境因素变化的敏感性特点。敏感性分析结果呈现一种频率相关的频散特性,而信号极化方式影响较小。这4种环境因素中,相对湿度对路径损失的整体影响最大;在传播距离较近且高度较高的范围内近海面风速对传播的影响占据主导;空气温度和海表温度的敏感性大致相当;风速的影响是4种环境因素中最为复杂的,这也是在实际分析中需要额外重视的。本文对蒸发波导环境参数的敏感性分析结果对现场波导观测试验具有重要的参考意义,对敏感度高的环境参数可以考虑优先进行高时空分辨率观测。此外,在运用中尺度数值天气预报模式进行蒸发波导预报时,优先发展与敏感度高的气海参数有关的物理过程参数化方案,可以节约计算时间和资源。 相似文献
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海上作战一旦遇到大气波导,可使船载电子信息系统之间的短波通信距离增大数倍,同时通信距离范围内的部分区域会出现电磁盲区。该文以海上战场环境为背景,阐述了海上大气波导对未来海上作战的重要性。通过对大气波导的形成机制和影响机理进行研究,系统化概括了蒸发波导、表面波导和抬升波导的观测原理及常用观测方法。通过对比分析传统大气波导的观测方法,发现其在观测手段、观测精度、观测范围和观测成本方面存在局限性。基于此,该文提出一种多物理场协同探测的大气波导观测方法,该方法通过集合海上浮标网、船联网、星联网和岸基网等各类观测仪器和设备,可实时获取海上大气参数,构建海上大气波导预报系统。最终,通过该预报系统可实现海上大气波导大范围、高精度、实时性预报,对海上作战掌握制空权具有重要意义。 相似文献
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印度尼西亚海(简称印尼海)位于热带太平洋和印度洋交汇的海域,是全球最大的内潮生成海域。内潮耗散导致强烈的潮致混合,一方面将温跃层以下的海水卷入上层,降低印尼海海表温度,之后通过海气相互作用产生显著的天气和气候效应;另一方面对穿越印尼海的印度尼西亚贯穿流的物质与能量输运也有着重要影响。自Arlindo计划以来,人们对印尼海潮致混合的认识不断深化,并通过在海洋环流数值模式中考虑印尼海强潮致混合过程,提升了对印尼海和全球大洋环流的模拟效果。但由于缺乏现场观测资料和针对性的潮致混合参数化方案,印尼海潮致混合特征的定量描述及其在海洋环流与气候模式中的表达尚未完全解决。本研究对印尼海潮致混合及其在海洋环流和气候数值模式中的应用的最新研究成果进行了概述和展望,并对未来该海域混合观测方案和潮致混合参数化方案提出了针对性建议。 相似文献
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南印度洋SST与南亚季风环流年代际变化的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用美国NCEP全球大气再分析资料和JONES全球海表面温度异常(SSTA)资料，分析了南印度洋SSTA和南亚季风环流年代际变化的特征。研究发现，无论是南印度洋副热带海水辐合区的SST还是赤道以北非洲西海岸附近上升运动海区的SST的长期变化趋势，除了准3-5年的变化以外，还存在着明显的年代际的变化。对于全球最显著南亚季风环流的分析表明，南亚季风环流也存在明显的年代际时间尺度的变化。与南太平洋SST的年代际变化相比，南印度洋SST的变化周期要相对短一些。通过分析南半球冷空气年代际活动的特征发现，冷空气与南印度洋SST年代际时间尺度的变化具有密切的联系。 相似文献
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基于中国第29次南极科学考察期间获取的GPS探空观测数据,分析了东南印度洋和西南太平洋经向断面大气垂直结构的基本特征、季节变化和纬向差异。不同断面的大气垂向结构差异显著,但也具有共同特征,4000 m以下低空的气温和湿度明显高于高空,而低空风速明显小于高空风速,8000 m以上高空各个观测要素的垂直变化较小,整个断面主要以西风为主,整个垂直剖面湿度异常偏高(偏低)的区域通常对应上升(下沉)气流。给出了3个观测断面的大气锋面位置和类型,P1断面的大气锋面在47°~50°S,P2和P3断面的大气锋面在52°~58°S,P1和P2的锋面属于暖锋,P3的锋面由于气旋的影响分类不明显。东南印度洋大气剖面结构具有明显的季节变化,秋季和春季相比,秋季具有风速小,气温高特征,大气锋面更加偏南。东南印度洋和西南太平洋断面的大气剖面结构差异明显,二者相比,东南印度洋具有风速大、气温高及相对湿度小的特征,但大气锋面位置相同。 相似文献
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An attempt to the approximate figures of seasonal distribution of solar energy reached to and penetrated in the water of the
oceans, as a preliminary step to the estimation of primary production in the oceans from the optical point, was performed
in the Indian Ocean, North Pacific Ocean and Antarctic Ocean on the same lines in the part III. In consequence, the total
amount of solar energy for the year in each depth showed marked differences in each zone of the oceans as illustrated in Fig.
5. By way of example, it could be said that underwater solar energy already came to 33.4 Kg·cal/cm2·year in 10 m deep in the equator of Indian Ocean and was 54% of that, in the Kuroshio region of the North Pacific Ocean,
44% in the Sub-Antarctic zone, 13% in the Antarctic zone and 6% in the Antarctic Convergence zone, respectively.
Besides, on the assumption that a lower limit of the photic zone is marked by the depth here underwater surface solar energy
is reduced to 1% or 5g·cal/cm2·day, the ratio of the total photic zone for the year in unit area of sea surface was approximately 100∶80∶60∶25 or 100∶75∶50∶20
in the equator of the Indian Ocean, Kuroshio region, Sub-Antarctic zone, and Antarctic and Antarctic Convergence zones, respectively. 相似文献
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海洋混合层结构对表面声道中声传播特性的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用WOA05气候态数据集和北黄海调查数据,应用BELLHOP高斯束射线模型分析了我国近海及西太平洋典型海区的混合层结构对表面声道中声传播特性的影响,结果表明:我国近海的混合层结构有显著的区域性和季节性变化;深海中主要表现为混合层深度变化,这种变化直接影响表面声道的空间分布,声波在混合层中的表面声道中传播与在混合层外的影区中传播产生的能量场差异较大;浅海中混合层深度与声速梯度的空间变化都很明显,声速梯度的增大和混合层的加深都能使更多声线以反转的形式传播,使表面声道声场增强。两组海上实验数据表明,在真实海洋中混合层可在短时间内出现生消变化或在局部海域出现非均匀分布。在浅海温跃层环境下,海-气边界特定的物理过程能够使混合层发生间歇性的变化,当表面声道出现时近表层声场明显增强。 相似文献
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New satellite-derived latent and sensible heat fluxes are performed by using Wind Sat wind speed, Wind Sat sea surface temperature, the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting(ECMWF) air humidity, and ECMWF air temperature from 2004 to 2014. The 55 moored buoys are used to validate them by using the 30 min and 25 km collocation window. Furthermore, the objectively analyzed air-sea heat fluxes(OAFlux) products and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis 2(NCEP2) products are also used for global comparisons. The mean biases of sensible and latent heat fluxes between Wind Sat flux results and buoy flux data are –0.39 and –8.09 W/m~2, respectively. In addition, the rootmean-square(RMS) errors of the sensible and latent heat fluxes between them are 5.53 and 24.69 W/m~2,respectively. The RMS errors of sensible and latent heat fluxes are observed to gradually increase with an increasing buoy wind speed. The difference shows different characteristics with an increasing sea surface temperature, air humidity, and air temperature. The zonal average latent fluxes have some high regions which are mainly located in the trade wind zones where strong winds carry dry air in January, and the maximum value centers are found in the eastern waters of Japan and on the US east coast. Overall, the seasonal variability is pronounced in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. The three sensible and latent heat fluxes have similar latitudinal dependencies; however, some differences are found in some local regions. 相似文献
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北极秋季海冰减少与亚洲大陆冬季温度异常 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文使用SVD等诊断分析方法探讨北极秋季海冰密集度与亚洲冬季温度异常之间的关系。结果表明,近30余年来,北极秋季海冰减少伴随着亚洲大陆冬季温度降低,但青藏高原地区、北冰洋和北太平洋沿岸除外。北极秋季海冰密集度减小激发欧亚大陆和北冰洋北部两个区域位势高度的改变,这种异常的变化模态从秋季持续到冬季。位势高度异常的负值中心位于巴伦支海和喀拉海。位势高度异常的正值中心位于蒙古区域。与重力位势高度异常伴随的风场异常为亚洲冬季温度降低提供自北向南的冷气流。随着北极海冰的不断减少,其与亚洲大陆冬季温度降低之间的关系将为气候长期预测提供参考。 相似文献
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V. K. Annin 《Oceanology》2006,46(6):841-847
The composition and abundance of present-day benthic foraminifers in the littoral zone of Iturup Island are examined. The littoral zone is surveyed on the sides of both the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean. The greatest species diversity and the maximum foraminifer abundance were observed on the bench and at the sites of attachment of seaweeds and aquatic plants on silted sands and on sands with an admixture of coquina, silt, and detritus from the adjacent coast. The minimum diversity and abundance are confined to the mouths of rivers and creeks; over rocky plates, where sediments cannot be retained and there are no attached seaweeds and aquatic plants; and in areas not protected from wind-wave action. It was stated that the foraminifer assemblages on the sides of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean differ both in their species diversity and in their population density over the littoral zone. A morphological comparison between the species Buccella granulata and B. inusitata from different areas of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean is presented. 相似文献
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Spectral analysis techniques have been applied to data sets of gravity and topography selected across fracture zones with large offset in the Equatorial and Central Atlantic Ocean and processed independently for each fracture zone. Three simple compensation models, two in local isostatic equilibrium (Airy I and II) and one in regional equilibrium (Plate model) have been tested. It is found that the free-air anomalies are primarily controlled by the topography and its isostatic response. For short wavelengths, admittance can be explained either by the effect of uncompensated sea floor topography with high density basement or by the effect of uncompensated sea floor topography with normal oceanic basement density but accompanied by a crust of constant thickness. For intermediate wavelengths, admittance for the Romanche fracture zone agrees best with a local isostatic model in which compensation is achieved by a less dense material in the upper mantle. No such evidence exists for the Vema and Chain fracture zones for which topography could just as well be regionally supported by an elastic plate 3 to 10 km thick. For longer wavelengths, the admittances computed for the three fracture zones are compatible with a thermal compensation of the topography. 相似文献
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GUI Maochang * WU Lingjuan . Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China. Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chine-se Academy of Sciences Beijing China. Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,(4)
1 IntroductionIt is well known that interaction between the trop-ical ocean and atmosphere produces the largest inter-annual climate signal, El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). In past decades many efforts have been madein understanding and predicting ENSO: such as the hy-pothesis of Bjerknes (1969) that ENSO arises as aself-sustained cycle in which SSTA in the Pacific O-cean causes the trade winds to strengthen or slackenand that this in turn drives the ocean circulation changesthat … 相似文献
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Hans-Jürgen Hirche Ksenia Kosobokova 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2729
The distribution of Calanus finmarchicus was studied on a transect across the central Greenland Sea, and on five transects from the Eurasian shelves across the Atlantic Inflow in the Arctic Ocean. Stage composition was used as an indicator for successful growth; gonad maturity and egg production were taken as indicators for reproductive activity. On the Arctic Ocean transects, these parameters were measured simultaneously from the sibling species Calanus glacialis. Response of egg production rate to different temperatures at optimal food conditions was very similar between both species in the laboratory. C. finmarchicus was present at all stations studied, but young developmental stages were only present close to the regions of submergence of Atlantic water under the Polar water. This together with a decreasing abundance and biomass from west to east along the Atlantic Inflow in the Arctic Ocean and reproductive failure indicates that C. finmarchicus is expatriated in the Arctic Ocean. We hypothesize that the late availability of food in the Arctic Ocean, rather than low temperature per se, limits reproductive success. Better reproductive success in the very low temperature regions of the Return Atlantic Current and the marginal ice zone in the Greenland Sea supports this hypothesis. The possibility for a replacement of C. glacialis by C. finmarchicus and consequences for the ecosystem after increasing warming of the Arctic are discussed. 相似文献
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新生产力——一个新的海洋学研究领域 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
新生产力的概念最初由Dugdale等(1967)提出,近年来由于全球变化研究的发展,赋予了新的含义。它不仅反映了海区的群落净生产能力,同时也是海洋真光层对于大气中CO_2的净吸收的一种度量。新生产力研究已经成为当今海洋研究的前沿领域,它涉及海洋生态学、生物海洋学、生物地球化学和物理海洋学的研究,具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。新生产力的基本研究方法是~(15)N示踪法,此外,还可应用沉积物捕集器法、f比推算法、物理模型法、真光层净产氧量法、~(234)Th滞留时间法、物质通量模型法以及遥感等方法进行观测或推算。新生产力的研究已被纳入一些国际重大联合研究计划,如JGOFS,GLOBEC等,在短短的几年时间里已取得了迅速的发展,90年代将在更大范围和深度上展开研究,并将对全球新生产力水平有一个较精确和全面的了解。 相似文献