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依托秦皇岛北戴河中海滩养护工程,对养滩前后不同时期抛沙区内外表层沉积物样品进行粒度实验,获得沉积物粒度参数,并结合Gao-Collins粒径趋势模型,对海滩养护后沉积物粒度变化特征、沉积物输运变化以及抛沙区外未养护海滩沉积物的影响进行研究.结果显示,海滩养护后,抛沙区内沉积物粒度总体细化,在养滩初到养滩之后6个月期间,抛沙区内沉积物变细、分选变好,这是由于外来抛沙的混杂和夏季ES向波浪的搬运作用,抛沙物质和原始海滩沙混合,抛沙区外变化趋势相反.养滩9个月后,由于冬季暴风浪的增多,抛沙区内沉积物遭受侵蚀并在抛沙区外淤积,抛沙区内沉积物变粗、分选变差,抛沙区外沉积物变细、分选变好.15个月后,抛沙区内外沉积物均变细,冬季侵蚀的海滩得到恢复.沉积物净运移趋势由沿岸输移逐渐变为垂岸输移,这是由于经过1年多的时间,海滩与区域动力环境相适应,海滩处于横向输沙动态平衡的状态,即夏季向岸输沙、冬季离岸输沙. 相似文献
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利用2010 2012年两年4季莱州三山岛黄金海岸沙滩综合勘测结果,分析上述沙滩形成过程,并进行了沙滩近期变化特征探讨.结果表明,莱州三山岛黄金海岸沙滩年际及年内季节性变化规律均表现出带状冲刷特征,黄金海岸沙滩及其近海海域表现为普遍冲刷特征,冲刷厚度平均＜1.2 m/a.基于莱州三山岛黄金海岸沙滩近期变化特征,建议尽早开展以抛沙养滩为主,并适当辅以硬工程的沙滩养护方案,注重海滩养护工程前期调查,修复和人工再造三阶段的工作,特别应根据设计方案向沙滩开展大量抛沙、保沙和稳沙工作,使受蚀海滩逐步恢复. 相似文献
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阿莱曼海滩位于埃及尼罗河三角洲西侧,是长约12km的平直沙坝潟湖岸,在强劲的西向常、强浪的作用下,泥沙沿岸向东运移,引起海岸长期强烈蚀退。1998—2009年分3个阶段整治和抛沙养滩,先后建成13条丁坝组成的丁坝群,丁坝效应稳定了8.5km的海滩,3个阶段共向滩肩抛沙116×104 m3,但是水下基岩陡斜地形导致严重沙流失,使海滩不能增宽,丁坝群尾闾效应也导致丁坝群下游3.5km海难侵蚀更加严重,于是先后采取了分段式岸外坝群和岸外连续长潜堤加堤内丁坝格,消除了丁坝群下游岸的侵蚀。结合我国相应案例说明在那些强烈侵蚀和严重沙流失岸段养滩,必须强调丁坝、岸外坝等硬工程的作用。这些构筑物既能消散波能,又能阻拦所抛沙的流失。对于那些水下为基岩陡斜地形的海滩,更应设计一定的硬工程,埃及阿莱曼的连续长潜堤加丁坝格的设计和我国三亚三美湾的连续岸外坝丁坝加人造沙坝的经验都是十分重要的。 相似文献
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介绍了中外4个基岩陡斜海岸的养滩案例,说明基岩海岸水下坡一般较陡,水深较大,近海波浪未经底摩擦消能过程就逼近海岸,实行一次性卷跃破碎,强烈侵蚀海岸,塑造侵蚀地貌或在海蚀崖下高潮线附近沉积窄而薄的短裙式海滩。在这种海滩上进行开敞式抛沙养滩,往往难以成功,以致连年抛沙,连年被流失光。我国曾有一些养滩工程经历过该类沙流失干扰。按照丁坝与连续离岸潜坝组合或丁坝与平行双岸外潜坝组合模式,可以阻挡人工向前滨滩面所抛沙的外流,并能有效地消散岸外波能和阻挡沿岸移沙,保证人工抛沙养护海滩的扩宽和稳定。证明采取特定的硬工程组合可以在基岩陡斜海岸上构筑宽阔的人造海滩。 相似文献
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环渤海砂质岸侵蚀和海滩养护 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
环渤海辽冀津鲁砂质岸近几十年遭受愈来愈强烈的侵蚀,岸线平均蚀退率约1.0～2.0m/a,局部或短期可达5～8m/a。为抑制海岸侵蚀,曾采取大量修建顺岸坝、丁坝等海岸"硬工程"护岸,但引起下游岸段继续侵蚀。近年逐渐发展起来的抛沙养滩工程可以增宽和稳定海滩,至2012年底,已完成和正在进行共有13处养滩工程,包括砂岸养滩、泥岸养滩和岩岸养滩等3种类型。在不同类型的海滩上养滩,应强调不同的设计重心。环渤海各养滩工程效果比较好,促进了滨海旅游业的发展,也取得了一些设计经验,预计未来将迎来环渤海海滩养护的新高潮。 相似文献
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以北戴河海滩养护工程作为实例,通过养滩前后3年的监测剖面数据,不仅计算了干滩宽度、中潮滩宽度、低潮滩宽度与单宽蚀淤量4个主要参数变量,分析了海滩剖面形态的演化特征,而且还计算了养护海滩效率系数和保存系数,结果显示:近3年来北戴河养护海滩干滩、中潮滩、低潮滩效率系数分别为5.37、2.88、1.47,保存系数分别为1.01、0.67、0.75。初步总结了北戴河养护海滩的短期功效,其中西海滩养滩寿命为10~12a,延长养滩工程寿命包括养滩砂岸的长度,平面护岸体系,抛沙方量和破波高度等因素。 相似文献
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目前,国内砂质海滩的人工养滩工程急速增加,但多集中在天然岬湾海岸,而夷平旅游海滩的养护工程研究资料缺乏。以秦皇岛北戴河新区洋河口至葡萄岛约4.5km岸段养滩工程为例,对夷平旅游海滩养滩后的工程效果进行分析,通过计算修复后岸滩剩余单宽抛填沙量及滩肩宽度的保存系数,预测得到养滩工程寿命约为9~11a,局部滩肩补沙养护周期为1~2a。分析并验证了夷平旅游砂质岸线"人工水下岬头+滩肩补沙+人工沙坝"修复模式,为夷平旅游砂质海岸养滩工程提供了一种可行方案与实测数据支撑,以期对今后养滩理论研究提供参考指导。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2015,(10)
为了维持海岸沙丘和海滩的稳定,抵御日益加重的海岸侵蚀,荷兰泰斯灵岛于1993年5—11月对该岛中段长4.6km(13.6~18.2km段)的海滩实施大规模的滨面抛沙养滩工程。以驳船吹填式向两水下沙坝(最外沙坝和中沙坝)之间的凹槽区抛沙约210万m3,单宽沙量约450m3/m。工程后监测发现已填平的凹槽区6个月后即发育出新凹槽,但是此工程后得到了8~10a的海岸稳定,纵向运移的泥沙明显降低。事实证明,凹槽抛沙养滩通过凹槽沙的补给效应及消浪效应靠自然力缓慢向海滩滩面输沙稳定了海岸,自然扩宽了滩肩,且不破坏海陆结构,值得在日后的海滩养护工程中研究和推广。 相似文献
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对海岸侵蚀特征及防治措施效果的分析表明,人工养滩方法是最为环保、长效、经济的海岸侵蚀防治方法.在详细介绍静态平衡岬湾和人工养滩的基本原理的基础上,重点阐述了人工岬湾养滩综合法的设计原则和总体思路,并以北戴河西海滩恢复治理工程为例进行了方案设计. 相似文献
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Numerical study of shoreline changes by emergency beach nourishment project at the Middle Beach of Beidaihe, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
ZHANG Yu HE Lulu KUANG Cuiping PAN Yi GU Jie YANG Yanxiong ZHANG Jiabo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(1):125-133
Beach nourishment is a common coastal management strategy used to protect beach from erosion along the sandy coastlines. This method has been successfully applied to an emergency project at the West Beach of Beidaihe in the summer of 2008 and the full West Beach nourishment project in 2009-2010, which is the direct base of this study. Some basic information about the emergency engineering area at the Middle Beach is firstly described. The shoreline change of this area, including the analysis of beach width in five monitoring profiles in the bathing places of Middle Beach, is then discussed. After that a numerical model based on one-line theory is established and the numerical results agree well with the measured shorelines, which indicates that the model is appropriate and is qualified to predict the shoreline change of the Middle Beach. With the same model and parameters, long-term performance of the project is predicted, and the result shows that without follow-up nourishment and project, the bathing places can remain suitable for bathing for about 10 a. It is suggested to nourish the beach in time and carry out the beach nourishment project for the full Middle Beach in Beidaihe. 相似文献
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海滩养护已经成为全球基于自然（nature-based）海岸防护的主要手段，并得到广泛应用。随着全球强风区海岸海滩养护工程数量的增加，海滩养护对海岸风沙过程产生的一系列影响逐渐得到重视。海滩养护工程形成了新的海滩地貌形态，扩大了海滩风区、增加了风沙物源、提高了滩面高程、改变了滩面沉积物，海滩地貌和沉积物组分变化引起了风沙运动过程的变化，与自然海滩风沙过程相比，有其独特的过程和特征，已经成为海岸风沙研究的热点之一。本文从海滩养护影响下的风沙环境变化、风沙活动变化以及养护海滩对沙丘的影响等3个方面梳理了国内外研究进展，提出养护海滩风沙研究存在区域不平衡以及风沙过程的综合性影响和定量化研究不足等问题，并结合我国海滩养护未来的发展趋势，从强风区养护海滩风沙运动规律、养护海滩风沙环境全要素的综合影响和风沙作用变化的模型评估等方面展望了我国养护海滩风沙研究的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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In the light of global warming and sea level rise there are many coastal beaches that suffer from erosion. Beach nourishment has become a common practice to maintain the sediment balance on a shore-face. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model for evaluating long-term impact of beach nourishment projects has been developed. The model addresses the longstanding complex issue of coastal morphology and sediment grain size distribution from an unconventional angle, which exploits the strong links between grain size distribution and the prevailing transport direction of each sediment constituent under ‘average’ wave and storm action. The present model predicts the redistribution of nourished sediment according to the subtle clues implied by equilibrium distribution curves and latest coastal wave transformation theories. After verification against recent field observations in Terschelling, The Netherlands, the model was used to predict long-term effects of different beach nourishment strategies. It was found that: (a) given the source sediment available in Terschelling the tactics of large volume and less frequent implementation are better than otherwise; and (b) from a pure engineering point of view, waterline nourishment outperforms offshore trough nourishment.The model offers an additional tool for coastal engineers to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and the optimization of dumping locations for beach nourishment projects. It is also a useful tool for stratigraphic modelling of shallow-marine sedimentation in conjunction with sea level changes. 相似文献
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海岸侵蚀是沿海各国面临的共同问题,海滩养护是当前砂质海岸保护的最佳手段,在全球范围内得到广泛应用。本文回顾了海滩养护技术的发展历程,总结了世界范围的海滩养护实践,分析各国海滩养护理念上存在的差异。以研究文献为基础,总结归纳了平面和横向剖面的补砂方式、辅助工程技术和海滩模型预测等方面的海滩养护技术研究进展,并在此基础上提出了海滩养护的未来发展趋势:①针对复杂海岸的海滩养护应用拓展;②基于沉积物管理的海滩养护修复;③从地貌系统到生态系统全面考虑的海滩养护技术;④全球砂源赤字条件下的海滩保护和修复思路。 相似文献
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美国东海岸海滩养护工程对中国砂质海滩旅游资源开发与保护的启示 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
借鉴美国长期以来东部海岸的海滩养护工程投入大量资金物力所取得的显著成效，提出了中国砂质海滩资源开发面临的问题，如海岸侵蚀造成砂质海滩资源丧失、砂质海滩旅游资源面临严重的污染、砂质海滩旅游资源的利用程度差异悬殊、砂质海滩旅游资源的人为破坏严重等，预见到中国实施海滩养护工程将是大势所趋，该工程将会被纳入国家或地方海岸综合规划管理与相关法律中。 相似文献
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Erosion of the southern Gold Coast beaches (SE Queensland, Australia) was exacerbated after the extension of the Tweed River training walls in the early 1960s. To achieve the objective of restoring and maintaining beach amenity, significant nourishment works have been undertaken in Coolangatta Bay over the past 30 years. Particularly, under the Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project (TRESBP) since 1995, a number of nourishment campaigns and the implementation of a permanent sand bypass system in 2001 have resulted in significant changes of Coolangatta Bay morphology. The present case study investigates the influence of both wave climate and nourishment works on the area extending from the updrift Snapper Rocks area to downdrift Kirra Beach. SWAN spectral wave model is implemented at Coolangatta Bay area and forced by the global wave model WW3 to estimate wave forcing and the potential natural longshore drift entering in Coolangatta. Specific transects extracted from accurate bathymetric surveys are used to investigate and quantify Coolangatta Bay sedimentation for the period 1987–2005. A network of Argus video stations provides high sample rate information on the shoreline evolution. Results show that, over the past 10 years, Coolangatta Bay has infilled rapidly. Sedimentation reached up to 6 m in some areas between 1995 and 2005, with beach width increasing by 200 m at Kirra Beach. Rapid seaward shoreline migration is consistent with the intense over-pumping of sand relative to the natural potential to move sand alongshore. The nourishment strategy used during this project has successfully delivered large amounts of sand to the southern Gold Coast embayment, although it has been up to now controversial from many community perspectives. The artificial sand bypassing process proved to be much more efficient than depositing the dredged sand in the nearshore area which requires a significant period of low energy condition in order for the deposited sediment to migrate shoreward and weld to the shore. This case study confirms that, when carefully undertaken, sand bypassing is a sustainable and flexible soft engineering approach which can work in concert with natural processes. 相似文献
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The morphological evolution of a shoreface nourishment is investigated by interpreting the nourishment as a linear perturbation of the natural system. The nourishment is projected onto the subset of linear eigenmodes with negative growth rates of the morphodynamical system. The evolution of these linear modes then determines the temporal behaviour of the shoreface nourishment. The method is presented, and results are shown for shoreface nourishments of different length scales on a straight coast and subject to normal incidence. Shoreface nourishments are represented by their expansions according to the projection method on a 1:50 plane beach profile. All nourishments are shown primarily to be diffusive features, with long scale nourishments diffusing more slowly than shorter length scale nourishments. Long scale nourishments also exhibit a shoreward movement during their decay. This all indicates that long length scale nourishments may be more beneficial in coastal engineering projects. This study is a first step towards nonlinear projection to study shoreface nourishment behaviour. 相似文献
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Beach nourishment is increasingly being implemented to address problems of erosion. However, the ecological consequences of nourishment are poorly understood, especially in Australia. In Botany Bay, sand was piped from an intertidal borrow area at Elephant's Trunk to nourish the nearby eroding beach at Towra Point. The effects on an intertidal exoedicerotid amphipod, Exoediceros fossor (Stimpson, 1856), were examined using a beyond-BACI (Before–After, Control–Impact) sampling design. Sampling was conducted before and after engineering operations at sites within the borrow and nourishment locations and multiple control locations. Hypotheses concerning impact and recovery were tested using asymmetrical ANOVAs and two-tailed F-tests. These examined the effects on abundance and spatial variability, respectively. The impact of the engineering operations on abundance was very large at both borrow and nourishment locations. However, recovery started within several weeks and, using space × time interactions as a criterion, appeared to be complete within a year. This conclusion is made cautiously because of low statistical power and because other criteria for recovery suggest that it was not complete at some sites. As beach erosion is likely to increase in severity with rising sea levels and greater storm surges associated with climate change, management authorities will need a better understanding of the ecological effects of beach nourishment. 相似文献