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1.
鸭绿江洪季的河口最大混浊带   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对 1 994年 8月在鸭绿江河口的水文和悬浮泥沙的观测资料进行分析。结果表明 ,在洪季鸭绿江河口的最大混浊带 ,出现在第一个河口锋面内侧。它的核心处盐度小于 1 ,从上游带入河口的细颗粒泥沙多数被河口第一锋面截留 ,还有一部分上游来沙穿过该锋面 ,聚集在河口第一和第二锋面之间。垂向密度环流作用和絮凝作用在鸭绿江洪季最大混浊带的维持过程中起着主导作用  相似文献   

2.
卢陈  吴尧  杨裕桂  袁菲 《海洋学报》2022,44(12):9-18
河口环流结构关系到物质输运、泥沙沉积和地貌变化等物理过程。根据2019年磨刀门河口原型观测平台洪枯季连续观测分层潮流资料,统计洪枯季、大小潮河口东、西汊的涨落潮流及历时变化特征,利用理论方法解析河口东西汊平面环流和重力环流结构,进一步引入混合参数研究河口纵向环流中的潮汐应变环流。研究发现枯季东、西汊在转潮时刻存在东涨西落的平面环流结构,洪季平面环流特征较不明显;枯季重力环流强度整体略大于洪季,西汊重力环流强于东汊,表层向海环流流速可达0.2~0.25 m/s,而底层向陆环流流速相对较小。洪季大潮期由潮不对称性驱动的潮汐应变环流相对较大,进而增强了纵向环流的强度。河口垂向余流结构同样表现洪枯季、大小潮的变化规律。洪季余流整体较大,西汊在小潮期表层余流流速超过0.6 m/s,而东汊余流则明显呈现表层向海、底层向陆的分布特征,枯季余流整体较小,表明其对物质输运和河口地形塑造作用较弱。  相似文献   

3.
黄海南部及东海北部夏季若干水文特征   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17  
本文就近几年作者在黄海南部和东海北部进行调查研究(夏季)的主要成果予以阐述,结论为:(1)南黄海底层冷水可进一步划分为三个次级水团;(2)潮混合对黄海冷水团边界和黄海温跃层等有重要影响,它还形成海面的陆架锋;(3)夏季南黄海上层存在着闭合的密度环流,而黄海沿岸流性质上属锋面强流,济州岛西南存在着气旋式海水运动;(4)黄海暖流不再深入黄海冷水团内部,但其内部可能存在着方向相反的一对弱环流;(5)长江口海区存在着可能是因台湾暖流逆坡行进产生的上升流现象。  相似文献   

4.
黄河调水调沙期间黄河入海水沙的扩散与通量   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以2007年夏季黄河调水调沙期间黄河三角洲海域3断面连续站及渤海南部24个大面站观测的流场、温度、盐度及含沙量资料为依据,分析了调查区水沙扩散特征,计算了各连续站的拉格朗日余流及泥沙输送单宽通量。结果表明,黄河入海泥沙扩散范围非常有限,主要分布在南至莱州湾西南部、北至北纬38°附近离岸约20km以内的带状沿岸区域;但黄河冲淡水出现大面积扩散,覆盖了整个莱州湾的北部和中部,最远可至龙口附近,黄河入海水沙扩散不同步。在现行河口和钓口流路废弃河口存在两个高浓度泥沙中心,分别对应于黄河入海泥沙和废弃钓口流路海域底质再悬浮产生的两个泥沙来源。河口及三角洲近岸切变锋的阻隔及辐聚作用,是大部分黄河入海泥沙沉积在河口及沿岸13m水深以内的主要动力因素。受余流方向及水体垂向湍动较弱的影响,两个高浓度泥沙中心很少有泥沙交换。冲淡水的大面积扩散主要受表层余环流的影响。余流及悬浮泥沙通量计算显示,夏季黄河入海水沙在近岸主要向东北方向扩散。  相似文献   

5.
本文应用ECOM模式,设计1个控制试验,研究理想河口环流和盐水入侵的动力过程.数值计算结果表明,盐水入侵产生盐度锋面,在锋面处底层存在着向陆的密度流,为保持断面上质量连续,上层的流速趋于增大;近口门附近底层流有偏南分量,表明有横向环流存在.在口门外因斜压和底形的作用,产生明显的上升流.盐水入侵在空间上具有不对称性,高盐水位于北岸的下层.在拦门沙上游出现上下2个相反方向的横向环流,而在口门处只出现1个顺时针方向的横向环流.从动力机制上分析了盐水入侵的空间不对称性和横向环流的产生.  相似文献   

6.
在整个黄海水域,夏季存在着范围广阔的深层冷水块。习惯上根据地域分布的不同,把地处北黄海的冷水块叫“北黄海冷水团”,地处南黄海的叫“南黄海冷水团”这两冷水块连成一体通称“黄海冷水团”。赫崇本是我国最早分析黄海冷水团的基本属性和消长变化的学者之一;而后,管秉贤分析了黄海冷水团的水温变化和环流结构,并进一步确认黄海冷水团是冬季保留下来的。近几年来我国学者对黄海冷水团的成因和水文、环流结构又有不少新的研究。例如,袁业立提的热生模式较好地讨论了北黄海冷水团中心区域的热结构和环流结构;Guo Binghuo(郭炳火)根据南黄海冷水团分裂成两个低温中心,指出:围绕南黄海冷水团存在着大小两个气旋式冷水团环流。万国铭等1)依据经典的水团分析技术指出:南黄海冷水团仅分布于123°E以西的狭小区域,而123°E以东的广阔水域则为黄海暖流底层水所占据。赵保仁提出潮混合对黄海冷水团的边界起着重要的控制作用。以上几种观点,对进一步分析黄海的水团和环流结构都有着启发意义。 本文的主要目的,是依据1984年7月中美联合调查所获得的水文资料(站位见图1)和部分历史资料来阐明南黄海冷水团内部的复杂结构。分析结果表明,夏季南黄海深层冷水团内部,仍然存在着春季保留下来的具有高温高盐性质的黄海暖流水系的扩张现象。这一扩张现象似可理解为与黄海暖流同源但已被切断联系的黄海暖流残迹在黄海冷水团内部继续前进的反映。因此,夏季黄海冷水团可进一步划分为具有高温高盐性质的“黄海暖流水”和具有低温低盐性质的“黄海本地冷水”两个次级水团。在这两种水团之间,存在着明显的锋面和显著的混合现象,在锋面处还可以观测到由双扩散产生的两水团之间的相互侵入现象。  相似文献   

7.
通过分析2016年3月椒江河口两个定点站位的潮周期水文泥沙观测数据,研究了椒江河口春季悬沙输运特征及通量机制。结果表明,河口内侧站位潮流速大于外侧站位值,两站位垂线平均悬沙浓度分别为0.3~5.8kg/m~3和0.3~1.0kg/m~3。悬沙通量机制分解表明,内侧站以向海的潮泵输沙效应最显著,对单宽输沙量绝对值贡献率为43.9%,其次是向陆的平流和垂向净环流输沙,综合作用下悬沙向陆净输移0.39kg/(m·s);外侧站位以向海的平流输沙为主导作用,贡献率为72.6%,悬沙向海净输移0.10kg/(m·s)。小波分析和频谱分析表明,含沙量、输沙率及流速三者之间存在不同的响应关系,内侧站输沙率主要受流速的影响,而外侧站位则主要受控于悬沙浓度变化。  相似文献   

8.
南黄海及东海北部夏季若干水文特征和环流的分析   总被引:27,自引:2,他引:25  
利用“中韩黄海水循环动力学合作研究”1 997年 7月航次和“黄海综合环境调查”1 998年 8月航次观测所得的CTD资料 ,对南黄海及东海北部夏季的水文特征和特大洪水年长江冲淡水扩展特征进行探讨。同时还根据夏季所施放的卫星跟踪漂流浮标的轨迹、底层人工水母的漂移路径及等密面深度的分布对夏季环流作了阐述 ,提出夏季南黄海环流并非单一的气旋式系统 ,其内部还存在着气旋、反气旋的多个较小的环流 ;东海北部交替出现气旋、反气旋涡旋。  相似文献   

9.
高时友  陈子燊 《海洋通报》2016,35(6):625-631
以珠江河口磨刀门盐度和流速观测资料为基础,采用盐度输运分解的计算方法对磨刀门盐度输运特征进行分析,对比各分解项动力成因和对盐度输运贡献的大小,分析磨刀门水道盐度分布特征和输运特征,结果表明:(1)磨刀门水道盐度输运主要由径流为主要作用的欧拉输运、潮流剪切输运和由河口密度梯度产生的垂向环流输运为主,其中欧拉输运方向向海,潮流剪切和重力环流输运向陆,两种不同方向的盐度输运在大、小潮期相对强弱的变化,导致了咸潮上溯的增强或者减弱。小潮期间,垂向环流和潮流剪切输运大于欧拉输运,净输运方向向陆导致咸潮上溯;大潮期间,垂向环流输运显著减小,净输运方向向海导致咸潮后退。(2)洪湾水道盐度输运主要以欧拉输运为主,垂向环流输运很小,与磨刀门水道盐度输运具有显著的不同。  相似文献   

10.
东海北部冷涡海域夏季水文结构及涡动混合的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
东海北部大陆架上存在着一个较大的冷涡,近十余年来,国内、外的海洋学专家依据多年调查所获得的温、盐度及海流资料对此冷涡进行了分析研究,得出该冷涡终年存在和中心位于32°00′N,126°00′E附近的结论(毛汉礼等,1986;蓝淑芳等,1984)。 夏季,该海域自温跃层所在深度至海底为东海北部底层冷水,苏育嵩等(1989)曾对该水团的形成及其季节变化作了详尽分析。冷水的存在和发展伴随产生反时针的密度环流。另外,冷水的东侧为西北向流动的黄海暖流,西侧为流向东南的黄海沿岸流,两者之间的切变效应以及反时针密度环流的存在是这里形成气旋型冷涡的主要原因。 1980年7月2-6日,中国科学院海洋研究所在东海北部冷涡附近海区布放了浮标阵(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ站),进行了同步测流,同时在A,Ⅲ,Ⅳ站进行了温、盐度连续观测;随后于7月6-23日又做了大面水文观测。作者引用上述资料进一步分析研究了该海区温、盐度分布特征及水团、海流结构,并重点讨论了冷涡附近海区的涡动混合问题,这对进一步揭示该典型海区的温、盐度逆转現象具有学术意义。调査站位如图1所示。  相似文献   

11.
采用短期资料的潮流准调和分析方法,对2018年6月上海近海海域9个站位的同步潮流资料进行分析。分析结果表明:该海域潮流涨落潮不等现象显著,大部分站位的落潮流历时长于涨潮流历时,长江口内(C1~C3)落潮流最大流速远大于涨潮;该海域基本以半日潮为主,同时存在规则半日潮和不规则半日潮,考虑到该海域浅海分潮流具有较大的比重,潮流性质应为不规则半日潮浅海潮流的类型;大部分站位各层的运动形式以往复流为主;大部分站位的余流流速表现为表层>中层>底层,大致呈现自西向东流。  相似文献   

12.
长江口悬沙动力特征与输运模式   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本项研究用ADCP在长江河口进行高频、高分辨率三维流速和声学浊度的定点观测,通过对定点站位潮周期内的悬沙浓度、流速和盐度的分析,计算悬沙输运率;悬沙输运机制分析表明平流作用、斯托克斯漂移效应在悬沙输运中占据主导地位.此外,从河口内向河口外,潮周期内的水动力特征与悬沙净输运具有明显的地域性差异,主要表现在悬沙输送的贡献因子、盐度的垂向混合和分布特征、垂向流速等方面.在拦门沙下游和口外地区,悬沙均向西、北方向输送,而拦门沙上游则向东、南方向输送.这种悬沙输运格局,对于长江口拦门沙及附近最大浑浊带的形成有着重要的作用.  相似文献   

13.
垂向二维潮流数值模型及其在长江口北槽的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用变网格有限元方法,采用任意四边形等参单元,离散横向积分的Navier—Stokes方程,建立河口潮流垂向二维数学模型。应用此模型,对长江口北槽水域两个观测站的潮流水位、流速垂线分布和整个北槽潮流流速纵向分布进行了模拟。潮流水位、流速垂线分布的模拟值分别与观测站的实测值可以较为吻合,证明了本文模型的实用有效。模拟得到的涨急、落急时刻整个北槽潮流流速纵向分布给出了定性的结果。  相似文献   

14.
黄河清水沟流路稳定性分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
李平  王涛  高文永 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(2):165-171
根据1989年5月和8月枯、洪水两个季节黄河拦门沙区及河口海区地质和水文调查资料,结合黄河利津水文站近几年的径流量和输沙量变化,对黄河清水沟流路稳定性及其影响因素进行综合分析研究。结果表明,近年来黄河来沙量渐少是清水沟流路稳定的重要因素之一,随着河口向南转向海动力作用较弱的莱州湾,海水沿河上溯力逐渐减弱,河流泥沙得以更顺利入海,并在口门外沉积;现流路河口海域的水动力作用虽然较弱,但涨,落潮流的分布  相似文献   

15.
Concentrations of cadmium, lead and copper have been determined in the lower estuary of the St. Lawrence River during the summer of 1972 (from May to August). Seven sample stations distributed in the estuary have been studied. Analysis measurements have been made using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and are related to the soluble metals. The concentrations of cadmium are low and no important variations occur. Mean analysis of cadmium abundance gives a value of 1.05 μg/l. Similar variations are observed for copper and lead contents with a Cu/Pb ratio which is nearly equal to unity. Average concentrations for all the stations are 3.11 μg/l for copper and 3.48 μg/l for lead. Higher values are measured for copper and lead during the month of May and these are related to the fresh-water inflow arising from the thawing period. The lowest concentrations are observed during the months of June and July and are in correspondence with the spring period of intense primary production. The biologic-dynamic conditions affecting the concentrations of cadmium seem to be different from those affecting copper or lead contents (without considering pollution phenomena). The highest average values for copper and lead have been found on the south shore of the estuary. The values obtained in this work compared favourably with other results gathered in the neighbouring area.  相似文献   

16.
A tracer model with random diffusion coupled to the hydrodynamic model for the Zhujiang River Estuary (Pearl River Estuary, PRE) is to examine the effect of circulations on the transport of completely conservative pollutants. It is focused on answering the following questions: (1) What role does the estuarine plume front in the winter play in affecting the pollutants transport and its distribution in the PRE ? (2) What effect do the coastal currents driven by the monsoon have on the pollutants transport? The tracer experiment results show that: (1) the pollutant transport paths strongly depend on the circulation structures and plume frontal dynamics of the PRE and coastal waters; (2) during the summer when a southwesterly monsoon prevails, the pollutants from the four easterly river inlets and those from the bottom layer of offshore stations will greatly influence the water quality in Hong Kong waters, however, the pollutants released from the four westerly river-inlets will seldom affect the water quality of Hong Kong waters due to their transport away from Hong Kong; (3) during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails, all pollutants released from the eight river gates will be laterally transported seaward inside the estuary and transport westward in the coastal waters along the river plume frontal zone. However, pollutants released from the surface layer of offshore stations near or east of the Dangan Channel will be carried into the coastal waters of Hong Kong by the landward component of the westward coastal current driven by the winter northeasterly monsoon. But the pollutants from the bottom layer of the offshore stations will be carried away from the offshore by the bottom flow driven by the northeasterly monsoon. This implies that only surface-released matter from offshore stations will affect the water quality of the coastal waters around Hong Kong during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails.  相似文献   

17.
A tracer model with random diffusion coupled to the hydrodynamic model for the Zhujiang River Estuary (Pearl River Estuary, PRE) is to examine the effect of circulations on the transport of completely conservative pollutants. It is focused on answering the following questions: (1) What role does the estuarine plume front in the winter play in affecting the pollutants transport and its distribution in the PRE? (2) What effect do the coastal currents driven by the monsoon have on the pollutants transport? The tracer experiment results show that: (1) the pollutant transport paths strongly depend on the circulation structures and plume frontal dynamics of the PRE and coastal waters; (2) during the summer when a southwesterly monsoon prevails, the pollutants from the four easterly river inlets and those from the bottom layer of offshore stations will greatly influence the water quality in Hong Kong waters, however, the pollutants released from the four westerly river-inlets will seldom affect the water quality of Hong Kong waters due to their transport away from Hong Kong; (3) during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails, all pollutants released from the eight river gates will be laterally transported seaward inside the estuary and transport westward in the coastal waters along the river plume frontal zone. However, pollutants released from the surface layer of offshore stations near or east of the Dangan Channel will be carried into the coastal waters of Hong Kong by the landward component of the westward coastal current driven by the winter northeasterly monsoon. But the pollutants from the bottom layer of the offshore stations will be carried away from the offshore by the bottom flow driven by the northeasterly monsoon. This implies that only surface-released matter from offshore stations will affect the water quality of the coastal waters around Hong Kong during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails.  相似文献   

18.
The hydrological and hydrochemical parameters of the Tumen River estuary were collected at 13 stations in May and October 2015. Vertical temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence, and turbidity profiles were obtained. Water was sampled from the surface and bottom layer. The water samples were analyzed for major ions, pH, salinity, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, major nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, humic matter, and δ18О and δD isotopes. This estuary is attributed to microtidal type with a flushing time of about 10 h. A phytoplakton bloom occurred in the top layer of the estuary. For surface horizons, the hydrochemical parameters show a linear correlation with salinity. In the bottom horizons, all these parameters, except for major ions and δ18О and δD isotopes, reveal substantial nonconservative behavior. The nonconservative behavior of the hydrochemical parameters in the bottom waters was mainly caused by degradation of the phytoplankton biomass at the water/sediment interface. Hypoxic conditions were established in the bottom waters of the estuary in May.  相似文献   

19.
The relative impacts of tidal (neap, spring) and river discharge (including a flood event) forcing upon water and sediment circulation have been examined at the rock-bound Guadiana estuary. Near-bed and vertical profiles of current, salinity, turbidity, plus surface suspended sediment concentrations (SSC, at some stations only), were collected at the lower and central/upper estuary during tidal and fortnightly cycles. In addition, vertical salinity and turbidity profiles were collected around high and low water along the estuary. Tidal asymmetry produced faster currents on the ebb than on the flood, especially at the mouth. This pattern of seaward current dominance was enhanced with increasing river flow, due to horizontal advection that was confined within the narrow estuarine channel. The freshwater inputs and, at a degree less, the tidal range controlled the vertical mixing and stratification importance. Well-mixed (spring) and partially stratified (neap) conditions alternated during periods of low river flows, with significant intratidal variations induced by tidal straining (especially at the partially stratified estuary). Highly stratified conditions developed with increasing river discharge. Intratidal variability in the pycnocline depth and thickness resulted from current shear during the ebb. A salt wedge with tidal motion was observed at the lower estuary during the flood event. Depending on the intensity of turbulent mixing, the residual water circulation was dominantly controlled either by tidal asymmetry or gravitational circulation. The SSC was governed by cyclical local processes (resuspension, deposition, mixing, advection) driven by the neap-spring fluctuations in tidal current velocities. More, intratidal variability in stratification indicated the significance of tidal pumping at the partially and highly stratified estuary. The estuary turbidity maximum (ETM) was enhanced with increasing current velocities, and displaced downstream during periods of high river discharge. During the flood event, the ETM was expelled out of the estuary, and the SSC along the estuary was controlled by the sediment load from the drainage basin. Under these highly variable river flow conditions, our observations suggest that sand is exported to the nearshore over the long-term (>years).  相似文献   

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