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1.
自容式压力验潮仪是目前海道测量水位观测的常用设备。在实际应用中,由于忽略了环境因素及其变化对水位观测精度的影响,可能获取不到高质量的水位观测数据,进而影响到海道测量成果的数据质量。在简要分析自容式压力验潮仪水位测量原理的基础上,利用数值计算方法,探讨了气压、密度和重力加速度变化对自容式压力验潮仪观测水位的影响规律,并提出了提高自容式压力验潮仪水位观测精度的一般改正方法。  相似文献   

2.
针对沿岸验潮站点布局密度不够的问题,使用压力式验潮仪对遮浪站附近海域进行潮汐应急观测,对实验数据进行了回归分析处理,并计算了实验数据的误差和相关系数。结果表明,台风灾害过程中,压力式验潮仪具有良好的稳定性,压力式验潮仪潮位与实际潮位的数据曲线基本吻合,两者的相关系数均在0.99以上;此外,压力式验潮仪潮位误差绝对值均小于5 cm,反应了压力式验潮仪潮位数据能较好地反应台风灾害过程中实际潮位的变化,表明使用压力式验潮仪开展潮汐观测工作具备良好的可行性。  相似文献   

3.
新型拖缆式便携验潮仪   总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2  
阮锐  刘保良 《海洋测绘》2002,22(4):48-50
研制了一种新型拖缆式便携验潮仪。通过采用高精度绝对压力变送器、数字滤波采样、多点标定减少传感器误差等设计方法,稳定储存与传送水位数据,提高了观测精度。介绍了该型验潮仪的工作原理、技术途径、特点和应用方法。  相似文献   

4.
三种验潮方法水位观测性能比较与统计分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
水尺、压力式验潮仪与验潮井验潮仪是海道测量水位控制和水位观测的主要手段。通过6日6个时间段的同步比对试验,计算了三种方法获取水位观测数据之间的潮时差和潮高差,分析了三种观测手段的水位观测性能以及产生差值的可能原因,提出了使用方法的建议。  相似文献   

5.
建立基于GNSS信号的海面测高数学模型,揭示基于载波和信噪比观测量测高方法的内在联系;提出利用造价便宜的GPS接收机以及普通接收机天线进行海平面高度变化监测的手段;进行海平面高度变化监测的实验并与验潮仪对比分析。结果表明:利用普通GPS接收机和天线进行海平面测高可以获得厘米级的测量精度,24 h连续监测的均方根误差为4.13 cm,GPS高度计与验潮仪的测量结果相关系数为0.86;所布设的GNSS高度计与造价昂贵的大地测量型接收机监测结果相当,该造价便宜的高度计更适合用于未来大规模实际的海平面高度变化监测中。  相似文献   

6.
水位控制是海底地形测量资料处理的重要技术环节之一,潮汐观测数据质量控制则是提高水位改正精度的关键。针对当前自容式压力验潮仪使用中经常会遇到的潮汐观测数据缺失、波浪扰动影响等技术难题以及海水密度精密改正、基准面传递确定等技术需求,开展了相关理论方法研究并开发了较实用的潮汐数据处理模块。结果表明,经多个环节的精密处理后潮汐观测数据精度提高明显,适用于海底地形测量水位改正及其他海洋工程应用。  相似文献   

7.
就压力式验潮仪观测数据的预处理、仪器改正、海水密度改正、滤波光滑处理等方法进行了探讨。对由于仪器原因或因缺电造成的缺损数据的修复,首次提出了利用调和相关差分的方法进行数据的恢复,这种方法还可以用于海底自容压力式验潮仪的沉降检测和改正。经过分析比对,此次渤海航路测量水位改正的均方差优于10 cm,证明这些潮汐数据分析处理方法合理可靠。  相似文献   

8.
为消除压力式验潮仪数据因误差而存在的抖动现象,提出了利用半参数模型对水位数据进行预处理的方法。研究了半参数模型在水位预处理中的具体实现方法,并对处理后的数据在应用方面进行了数据实验。实验表明,半参数模型既能够剔除不合理观测噪点,又能够高精度拟合观测水位,利用处理后的数据确定的余水位以及潮汐比较参数更具备合理性,精度得到了提高。  相似文献   

9.
剖析了TGR-2050自动验潮仪的工作原理,分析了影响测量精度的各种误差因素,指出该仪器设计上的缺陷,并给出实例,介绍了进行大气压改正的方法,得出了有益结论。  相似文献   

10.
水声换能器动态吃水与传感器技术探讨   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
郭发滨  申宏  雷宁 《海洋测绘》2005,25(5):25-27
分析了水声换能器静态吃水和动态吃水的差异,以及由这种差异带来的测量精度误差。对压力式验潮仪测量潮汐变化的基本原理和工作模式进行了剖析,探讨了采用压力传感器进行测量水声换能器动态吃水的可能性,并提出了测量水声换能器动态吃水的新概念、新方法。  相似文献   

11.
Tide gauge data is important for determining global or local sea level rise with respect to a global geocentric reference frame. Data from repeated precise levelling connections between the tide gauges and a series of coastal and inland benchmarks, including Continuous GPS (CGPS) benchmarks, are used to determine the stability of tide gauges at 12 locations in the South Pacific. The method for determining this stability is based on a constant velocity model which minimises the net movement amongst a set of datum benchmarks surveyed since the installation of the tide gauges. When assessed at a 95% confidence interval, and with the exception of the Solomon Islands, none of the tide gauges were found to be in motion relative to their CGPS benchmarks. The Solomon Islands estimate is considered to be unreliable since the CGPS benchmark was recently established and has been surveyed fewer than three times. In Tonga and Cook Islands, the tide gauges were found to be disturbed or affected by survey errors whereas the Vanuatu results were affected by earthquakes.  相似文献   

12.
Geodesists around the world have begun installing continuous GPS (CGPS) stations at tide gauges in order to determine the exact position of these tide gauges and, in particular, the vertical velocity of the land or the seafloor underlying each tide gauge. The goal is to make these measurements in a well-defined global reference frame. The scientific applications of these measurements include the calibration of satellite altimeters and the removal of crustal motion signals from long time series of sea level change. In this article we focus on the technical issues associated with this agenda, including site selection, instrumentation, monumentation, ancillary measurements, and the tide gauge leveling program. There is no universally best approach to building CGPS stations at tide gauges. Therefore we emphasize the various trade-offs that typically occur, and give general recommendations and rules of thumb based on recent installations and experience. Additional information can be found at the CGPS@TG website.  相似文献   

13.
Geodesists around the world have begun installing continuous GPS (CGPS) stations at tide gauges in order to determine the exact position of these tide gauges and, in particular, the vertical velocity of the land or the seafloor underlying each tide gauge. The goal is to make these measurements in a well-defined global reference frame. The scientific applications of these measurements include the calibration of satellite altimeters and the removal of crustal motion signals from long time series of sea level change. In this article we focus on the technical issues associated with this agenda, including site selection, instrumentation, monumentation, ancillary measurements, and the tide gauge leveling program. There is no universally best approach to building CGPS stations at tide gauges. Therefore we emphasize the various trade-offs that typically occur, and give general recommendations and rules of thumb based on recent installations and experience. Additional information can be found at the CGPS@TG website.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

The ocean mean dynamic topography (MDT) is the surface representation of the ocean circulation. The MDT may be determined by the ocean approach, which involves temporal averaging of numerical ocean circulation model information, or by the geodetic approach, wherein the MDT is derived using the ellipsoidal height of the mean sea surface (MSS), or mean sea level (MSL) minus the geoid as the geoid. The ellipsoidal height of the MSS might be estimated either by satellite or coastal tide gauges by connecting the tide gauge datum to the Earth-centred reference frame. In this article we present a novel approach to improve the coastal MDT, where the solution is based on both satellite altimetry and tide gauge data using new set of 302 tide gauges with ellipsoidal heights through the SONEL network. The approach was evaluated for the Northeast Atlantic coast where a dense network of GNSS-surveyed tide gauges is available. The typical misfit between tide gauge and satellite or oceanographic MDT was found to be around 9?cm. This misfit was found to be mainly due to small scale geoid errors. Similarly, we found, that a single tide gauge places only weak constraints on the coastal dynamic topography.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper , we present a novel Kalman filter approach to combine a hydrodynamic model-derived lowest astronomical tide (LAT) surface with tide gauge record-derived LAT values. In the approach, tidal water levels are assimilated into the model. As such, the combination is guided by the model physics. When validating the obtained “Kalman-filtered LAT realization” at all tide gauges, we obtained an overall root-mean-square (RMS) difference of 15.1 cm. At the tide gauges not used in the data assimilation, the RMS is 17.9 cm. We found that the assimilation reduces the overall RMS difference by ~ 31% and ~ 22%, respectively. In the Dutch North Sea and Wadden Sea, the RMS differences are 6.6 and 14.8 cm (all tide gauges), respectively. Furthermore, we address the problem of LAT realization in intertidal waters where LAT is not defined. We propose to replace LAT by pseudo-LAT, which we suggest to realize similarly as LAT except that all water level boundary conditions and assimilated tidal water levels have to be enlarged by a constant value that is removed afterward. Using this approach, we obtained a smooth reference surface for the Dutch Wadden Sea that fits LAT at the North Sea boundary within a few centimeters.  相似文献   

16.
阮锐 《海洋测绘》2004,24(3):58-59
压力验潮仪在将压力换算成潮位时,重力、温度和盐度的误差会引入到潮位数据中,根据中国沿岸重力、温度和盐度的分布情况,对这一误差进行分析探讨。  相似文献   

17.
基于POM模式与blending同化法建立中国近海潮汐模型   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用POM海洋数值模式建立了中国近海(2°N-41°N,99°E~132°E)分辨率为5′×5′的潮汐模型,模式采用blending同化法同化了由10年TOPEX/Poseidon测高数据反演的潮汐参数与沿岸52个验潮站观测。精度分析表明建立的潮汐模型的8分潮RSS为12.5cm。  相似文献   

18.
An attempt is made to infer the global mean sea level(GMSL) from a global tide gauge network and frame the problem in terms of the limitations of the network. The network,owing to its limited number of gauges and poor geographical distribution complicated further by unknown vertical land movements,is ill suited for measuring the GMSL. Yet it remains the only available source for deciphering the sea level rise over the last 100 a. The poor sampling characteristics of the tide gauge network have necessitated the usage of statistical inference. A linear optimal estimator based on the Gauss-Markov theorem seems well suited for the job. This still leaves a great deal of freedom in choosing the estimator. GMSL is poorly correlated with tide gauge measurements because the small uniform rise and fall of sea level are masked by the far larger regional signals. On the other hand,a regional mean sea level(RMSL) is much better correlated with the corresponding regional tide gauge measurements. Since the GMSL is simply the sum of RMSLs,the problem is transformed to one of estimating the RMSLs from regional tide gauge measurements. Specifically for the annual heating and cooling cycle,we separate the global ocean into 10-latitude bands and compute for each 10-latitude band the estimator that predicts its RMSL from tide gauges within. In the future,the statistical correlations are to be computed using satellite altimetry. However,as a first attempt,we have used numerical model outputs instead to isolate the problem so as not to get distracted by altimetry or tide gauge errors. That is,model outputs for sea level at tide gauge locations of the GLOSS network are taken as tide gauge measurements,and the RMSLs are computed from the model outputs. The results show an estimation error of approximately 2 mm versus an error of 2.7 cm if we simply average the tide gauge measurements to estimate the GMSL,caused by the much larger regional seasonal cycle and mesoscale variation plaguing the individual tide gauges. The numerical model,Los Alamos POP model Run 11 lasting 3 1/4 a,is one of the best eddy-resolving models and does a good job simulating the annual heating and cooling cycle,but it has no global or regional trend. Thus it has basically succeeded in estimating the seasonal cycle of the GMSL. This is still going to be the case even if we use the altimetry data because the RMSLs are dominated by the seasonal cycle in relatively short periods. For estimating the GMSL trend,longer records and low-pass filtering to isolate the statistical relations that are of interest. Here we have managed to avoid the much larger regional seasonal cycle plaguing individual tide gauges to get a fairly accurate estimate of the much smaller seasonal cycle in the GMSL so as to enhance the prospect of an accurate estimate of GMSL trend in short periods. One should reasonably expect to be able to do the same for longer periods during which tide gauges are plagued by much larger regional interannual(e. g.,ENSO events) and decadal sea level variations. In the future,with the availability of the satellite altimeter data,we could use the same approach adopted here to estimate the seasonal variations of GMSL and RMSL accurately and remove these seasonal variations accordingly so as to get a more accurate statistical inference between the tide gauge data and the RMSLs(therefore the GMSL) at periods longer than 1 a,i. e.,the long-term trend.  相似文献   

19.
Long (>30 years) monthly records of relative sea-level heights from tide gauges in the Baltic sea are analyzed. Time series clustering based on forecast densities is applied in order to describe regional sea-level variability in the Baltic Sea in terms of future relative heights. The tide gauge records are clustered on the basis of forecasts at 3-month and 6-month horizons. For the 3-month horizon, the results of the cluster analysis show a fairly spatial coherency in terms of grouping together locations from the same sub-basin, with the northern records in the Bothnian Sea and Gulf of Finland clustering together, followed by the tide gauges in the Baltic Proper and lastly the southernmost stations in the western Baltic. For the 6-month horizon, the results show a higher degree of homogeneity between different locations, but a clear separation between the stations at the Baltic entrance and the tide gauges inside the Baltic basin. Moreover, when considering detrended records, reflecting mainly the seasonal cycle, the clustering results are more homogeneous and suggest a distinct response of coastal sea-level in spring and in summer.  相似文献   

20.
The pole tide, which is driven by the Chandler Wobble, has a period of about 14 months and typical amplitudes in the World Ocean of ~0.5 cm. However, in the Baltic Sea the pole tide is anomalously high. To examine this effect we used long-term hourly sea level records from 23 tide gauges and monthly records from 64 stations. The lengths of the series were up to 123 years for hourly records and 211 years for monthly records. High-resolution spectra revealed a cluster of neighboring peaks with periods from 410 to 440 days. The results of spectral analysis were applied to estimate the integral amplitudes of pole tides from all available tide gauges along the coast of the Baltic Sea. The height of the pole tide was found to gradually increase from the entrance (Danish Straits, 1.5–2 cm) to the northeast end of the sea. The largest amplitudes—up to 4.5–7 cm—were observed in the heads of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia. Significant temporal fluctuations in amplitudes and periods of the pole tide were observed during the 19th and 20th centuries.  相似文献   

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