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1.
海水入侵和土壤盐渍化是重要的海洋灾害类型。文章选取3个土壤采样点和3个地下水采样点,以地下水氯离子浓度和矿化度以及土壤氯离子含量、硫酸根离子含量和全盐量为监测项目,首次对惠州市大亚湾淡澳河入海口沿岸区域的海水入侵和土壤盐渍化状况进行研究。研究表明:研究区2个采样点未受海水入侵,1个采样点海水入侵程度为轻度;1个采样点为氯化物-硫酸盐型和中盐渍化土,2个采样点为氯化物型和盐土;海水入侵程度以及土壤盐渍化类型和程度与离岸距离均无相关性,但受与河口距离的影响。今后将进一步加强监测和研究,为沿海环境风险管控和海岸带整治修复提供科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
灾害链是在时间上有先后、空间上彼此相依、成因上相互关联,破坏性极强的呈链式结构的多种灾害。由于灾害链的形成与演化具有叠加、放大和链式效应,已经成为灾害研究的热点和难点。受全球气候变化和人为因素的双重影响,海岸带地区成为地球上最活跃、最脆弱的区域。海水入侵和土壤盐渍化成为海岸带地区面临的主要地质灾害,威胁生态安全和人类生存环境,这2种灾害相继发生、相互关联,构成海水入侵-土壤盐渍化灾害链。归纳总结了灾害链研究进展,阐述了海水入侵-土壤盐渍化灾害链的演化特征和研究中的关键科学问题,展望了海水入侵-土壤盐渍化灾害链研究趋势。  相似文献   

3.
《海洋世界》2015,(4):74-75
<正>今年2月28日,国家海洋局发布了《2014年中国海洋灾害公报》和《2014年中国海平面公报》。公报显示,2014年,我国海洋灾害以风暴潮、海浪、海冰河赤潮灾害为主,绿潮、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵与土壤盐渍化、咸潮入侵等灾害也均有不同程度发生。各类海洋灾害造成直接经济损失136.14亿元,死亡(含失踪)24人。  相似文献   

4.
莱州湾东岸海水入侵对生态环境的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海岸带是陆海交互作用的地带,是全球变化研究的重要组成部分。莱州湾东岸海水入侵严重,并造成一系列的生态环境问题,主要表现在湿地退化、水质恶化、土壤盐渍化等方面。在分析莱州湾东岸海水入侵对生态环境影响的基础上,有针对性地提出了海岸带生态环境恢复和重建措施,主要包括工程措施和生态措施。  相似文献   

5.
<正>滨海地区是全球经济最发达、人类聚居密度最大的地区,滨海含水层中的地下水是这一地区重要的淡水资源。海水入侵到地下水中是由于天然或人类活动,使咸淡水之间的动态平衡被打破而出现海水向滨海淡水含水层入侵的现象。海水入侵将会导致(如水质恶化、土壤盐渍化及荒漠化等)一系列生态、环境恶化问题(成建梅等,2004)。滨海地区  相似文献   

6.
海南岛沿岸海洋灾害特征及防御对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海南省是我国拥有海域面积最大的海岛省,同时也是遭受各种海洋灾害影响最严重的省份之一,近年来,海南省海洋灾害造成的经济损失及受灾人口呈增长趋势,灾情主要集中在海南岛沿岸。按其成因主要分为风暴潮、灾害性海浪、海啸、海岸侵蚀、海平面上升、赤潮、海水入侵及土壤盐渍化等。文章根据海洋灾害的特点,结合历史灾害资料,综合分析各致灾因子对海南岛沿海影响的时空特征及发展规律,指出海南岛各岸段应重点防御的海洋灾害类型,提出了海南岛沿海各岸段防御海洋灾害应采取的主要对策措施。  相似文献   

7.
因气候变暖导致的海平面上升是全球面临的海洋问题。为加强海南岛的海洋防灾减灾工作,保障其沿海地区的生态环境和经济社会发展,文章在调查评估的基础上,分析海平面上升对海南岛沿海地区的影响,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:我国沿海海平面总体呈波动上升趋势,海南岛沿海海平面的上升速率居全国之首;海平面上升对海南岛沿海地区的影响主要包括淹没滨海低地和减小旅游区沙滩面积,加重风暴潮、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵和土壤盐渍化、洪涝的灾害程度以及影响海岸防护设施等方面;在海南岛沿海地区发展中,应充分考虑海平面上升的因素,加强灾害风险抵御能力建设、城市科学规划、海平面观测和监测以及受损岸线整治修复等工作。  相似文献   

8.
路文海  曾容  向先全 《海洋通报》2013,32(5):580-585
从海洋生态健康的内涵出发,将生态文明纳入生态健康评价体系,从产出效率、功能多样、生态文明和压力胁迫四 个方面共14 项指标构建沿海地区海洋生态健康评价指标体系,利用层次分析法对2010 年天津、福建、山东3 个沿海地区生 态健康状况进行评估。结果表明,天津沿海地区海洋生态健康综合指数为0.67,需提高海洋生态环境消纳污染、改善海洋环 境质量、提供初级生产力等各项支持服务功能,福建沿海地区海洋生态健康指数为0.57,需加大海洋科研投入力度,加强海 洋生态文明建设,同时加强赤潮等生态灾害的预防治理,山东沿海地区海洋生态健康指数为0.66,需加强海域资源的集约利 用,减轻陆地对海洋生态系统产生的压力和负效应,降低海水入侵和土壤盐渍化风险。  相似文献   

9.
基于莱州湾南部沿海地区地下水、表层土壤地球化学和地下水水位调查资料,综合分析了该地区主要环境地质问题的分布范围、形成原因和相互作用等,为问题的防护、治理和相关政策制定提供科学依据。海(咸)水入侵的程度由北向南逐渐减弱,寿光营里镇、侯镇,寒亭固堤、萧家营镇,昌邑卜庄镇、柳疃镇一线以北区域为重度入侵区,向南依次为中度入侵区和轻度入侵区;地下水超采漏斗主要有牛头镇-寿光、留吕、潍寒及昌邑四个漏斗,这4个漏斗已发展成近东西的区域性漏斗群带;土壤盐渍化程度整体上呈由北向南减弱的趋势,盐土和强度盐渍化土壤主要分布在东北部和西北部滨海地区,中度盐渍化土壤呈斑块状,主要分布于强度盐渍化土壤区外围。长期超量开采地下水是导致环境地质问题主要原因,全球气候变暖、海平面上升、降水减少、入海河流流域水库建设和海岸带地区经济建设等是重要影响因素。莱州湾南部沿海地区的防治工作应采取多种手段,开展综合治理,包括合理开发利用地下水资源;修建防潮堤、防潮闸;开展南部山区水土保持工作,减少降水流失;建立系统的监测网络,加强环境地质监测与预警等。  相似文献   

10.
概述了拟建胶莱运河工程附近主要发育的海水入侵、风暴潮、水灾和旱灾、地震砂土液化、水资源缺乏、地表水污染等地质灾害与环境问题,探讨了拟建工程可能引发或加剧风暴潮、海水入侵、地下水环境变化、土地盐渍化和岸坡稳定性等地质灾害或环境问题。对工程建设前的预研究内容提出了建议,以探讨问题的解决方法或措施。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

14.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

16.
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

17.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

18.
The stages of the development of the basin of the Bransfield Strait   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years.  相似文献   

19.
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.  相似文献   

20.
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.  相似文献   

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