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1.
条斑紫菜高纯度总DNA及其质粒状DNA的提取 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
提取条斑紫菜高纯度总DNA及其质粒状DNA的新方法。先用海螺酶处理紫菜叶状体制备细胞,然后用SDS-蛋白酶K裂解细胞提取总DNA,再用玻璃粉浆(glassmilk)对其纯化,经纯化后的总DNA能被EcoRI,Dral与HaeⅢ等限制酶完全酶切,并在酶切图谱上形成明显的DNA带型。当用异硫氰酸胍一十二烷基肌氨酸钠裂解紫菜细胞时,在总DNA提取物中直接发现有一条质粒状DNA带(2.3Kb),即建立了一种极简便的质粒状DNA提取方法。 相似文献
2.
用于紫菜无性系种质鉴定的计算机化DNA指纹的建立 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
研究用RAPD技术对条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)、坛紫菜(P.Haitanensis)、半叶紫菜(P.Katadai var.Hemiphylla)和少精紫菜(P.Oligospermatangia)的15个无性系丝状体进行了遗传多样分析,用120个Operon引物进行了筛选,从中选用来自OPJ-18和OPN-02扩增出的8条多态性条带构建了这15个紫菜无性系的DNA指纹图谱,在该图谱中每个紫菜无性系均有各自特异的DNA指纹.用1和0分别表示DNA带的出现和缺失,将各个无性系的DNA指纹用计算机语言表示,建立了15个紫菜无性系的计算机化DNA指纹;在此基础上设计了紫菜无性系种质鉴定的计算机软件PhGI. 相似文献
3.
微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)DNA被提取纯化并经超声波处理后,将所得大小在1.6~3 kb之间的DNA片段用T4 DNA聚合酶补平,再与SmaI酶切消化并经去磷酸化处理的质粒载体pUC18连接,转化至DH10B大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的感受态细胞中。建立的DNA质粒文库容量含2×104个克隆,其中重组子占90%。随机挑选白色菌落并培养,抽提的质粒经XbaI和SacI双酶切鉴定,显示重组的质粒中均含有大小不等的DNA插入片段。 相似文献
4.
军曹鱼的分子遗传特性研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)和线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析方法对广东湛江近海军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum的分子遗传学特征进行了研究。RAPD研究结果显示17个引物共检测到119个位点，其中多态位点比例P为80．85％，遗传相似系数S为0．7400，遗传距离D为0．2600，Nei基因多样性指数H为0．3009，Shannon信息指数I为0．4498。结果表明，军曹鱼的遗传多样性比较丰富。用19种识别5、6碱基的限制性内切酶对军曹鱼的mtDNA RFLP进行了分析研究，构建其mtDNA物理图谱；用引物5’-GTG ATC TGA AAA ACC ACC GTT G-3’和5’-AAT AGG AAG TAT CAT TGC GGT TTG ATG-3’扩增线粒体细胞色素b区段，得到稳定的850bp大小的特异性条带，用18种识别4-6碱基的限制性内切酶对扩增片段的限制性长度多态性进行分析，并测定其序列。 相似文献
5.
鱼类浮游生物的准确鉴定是鱼类浮游生物研究的基础。传统的基于形态特征的鉴定不仅费时费力,而且由于缺乏足够信息,鉴定存在困难,导致物种多样性被低估。为了对物种进行准确、快速地鉴定,急需在传统形态分类学基础上,建立并结合便捷准确的分子鉴定手段。DNA条形码技术是利用一段较短的DNA序列实现快速准确物种鉴定的工具,就像在商店里扫描仪读取条形码那样,对每一种生物也能通过快速分析其DNA中的一小段(线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I亚基,mt COI)加以识别。DNA条形码提供了可信息化的分类标准和有效的分类学手段,已成为近年来生物类群的研究热点。文章介绍了DNA条形码的概念、原理、工作流程及其优点,分析了其在鱼类浮游生物鉴定中的应用可行性,并展望未来鱼类浮游生物学发展的前景:分子技术鉴定鱼类浮游生物相关规范标准的建立,传统形态鉴定与分子方法相结合的分类学研究,以及鱼类浮游生物的生态学研究。 相似文献
6.
内切葡聚糖酶是一种重要的纤维素酶,在纤维素水解过程中起到重要作用。本实验利用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆获得了太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)内切葡聚糖酶基因,并对其基因结构和系统进化进行了分析。内切葡聚糖酶cDNA全长802bp,开放阅读框架630bp,编码209个氨基酸。基因组DNA全长505 6bp,含有两段内含子长度分别为205 3和231 3bp。cDNA具有与已发现的内切葡聚糖酶基因相同的保守区结构和功能域,并且与其他已知贝类的内切葡聚糖酶有较高的同源性。利用RT-PCR方法研究了该基因在太平洋牡蛎消化腺、外套膜、鳃、肌肉、性腺和唇瓣组织中的表达,发现内切葡聚糖酶基因仅在消化腺中表达,而在其他组织中没有表达。 相似文献
7.
DNA条形码是指利用一段相对较短的标准DNA片段,对物种进行识别和鉴定。目前该技术在动物、植物物种鉴定领域已经得到了广泛的研究和应用。在藻类的研究中,尚未确定一条统一的标准条形码基因,现阶段都是使用2条或2条以上基因序列来完成物种鉴定。对于形态多样、种类繁多的海洋红藻,常用的DNA条形码基因有COI基因(Partial cytochrome c oxidase I gene)、UPA基因(Partial 23SrRNA gene,universal plastid amplicon)、LSU基因(Partial 28SrRNA gene)和rbcL基因(The large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase)等,这些基因中2个或3个基因的互补运用准确有效地提高了红藻的鉴定准确率,尤其是COI基因的种间差异大足够区分相近物种。本文在概述条形码的原理及其标准的基础上,阐述了红藻DNA条形码鉴定研究的新进展以及常用几种基因片段的优缺点,并对条形码在红藻鉴定中存在的问题进行了分析,对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
8.
基于DNA条形码研究中国枪乌贼和鸢乌贼的食物种类组成* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国枪乌贼(Uroteuthis chinensis)和鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)作为中国南海头足类的关键种, 对海洋生态系统的物质流动与能量循环具有重要影响, 其摄食生态的研究将对海洋食物网的构建具有重要意义。由于传统胃含物分析法难以准确鉴定糜状饵料生物的组成, 本研究利用DNA条码技术, 针对中国枪乌贼和鸢乌贼不可辨认的食物糜提取组织DNA, 选用线粒体基因细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI)作为分子标记, 获得的序列在Genbank中进行比对分析, 并使用GMYC(Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent)模型进行物种界定和构建系统进化关系。结果成功鉴定出中国枪乌贼饵料物种有13种, 鸢乌贼饵料物种有8种, 共20种(其中1种为共有饵料)。比较发现, 汕头-台湾浅滩渔场的中国枪乌贼主要摄食鱼类、甲壳类和头足类, 而南海中部海域鸢乌贼则主要摄食鱼类和头足类。两物种均存在同类相食现象, 但鸢乌贼表现更明显。 相似文献
9.
对羊栖菜(Hizikia fusiformis (Harv) Okamura)养殖中常见的3个品系进行了DNA指纹分析及遗传变异的研究,构建了其遗传指纹图谱,分析了不同种群的遗传关系,为羊栖菜的种质鉴定及选育提供了理论依据.运用RAPD分子标记技术,对5个羊栖菜的种群中共125个个体进行了分析,从300个引物中筛选出12条随机扩增引物共扩增135个位点,多态位点比率为84.4%.从中选择了4个多态性位点,构建了DNA指纹图谱.相关结果对羊栖菜遗传选育和种质鉴定等有参考价值. 相似文献
10.
牛山湖浮游生物群落DNA指纹结构与物种组成的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用RAPD及DGGE指纹技术揭示牛山湖5个采样点浮游生物群落的DNA多态性,并定性地探讨其与物种组成的关系.结果如下:(1)从40条随机引物中筛选出9条引物,共获得93条谱带,多态率为58%;各采样点所得谱带平均为67条,其中Ⅰ站最少,为61条,Ⅴ站最多,为74条;(2)PCR-DGGE指纹图谱共含102条谱带,其中原核生物56条,真核生物46条,谱带总数以Ⅲ站、Ⅳ站和Ⅴ站较多.Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站较少;(3)5个采样点共观察到62种/类浮游生物,其中Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站种类较少.Ⅲ站、Ⅳ站和Ⅴ站种类较多,分布概率在100%的种类达19种.多维尺度(MDS)分析表明:基于RAPD指纹和DGGE指纹,Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站最相似,Ⅲ站、Ⅳ站和Ⅴ站最相似;基于物种组成.Ⅳ站和Ⅴ站相似性最高,Ⅲ站和Ⅳ站次之,相对RAPD指纹和DGGE指纹,Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站相似性较低.研究表明:浮游生物群落DNA指纹结构与物种组成有一定的相关性,可能因部分物种信息的缺失导致些许偏差. 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
16.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
17.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
18.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
19.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
20.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献