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1.
东太湖水环境质量调查及保护对策   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
根据1991年2月-1994年10月对太湖的水质监测,分析了东太湖水质现状、变化及发展趋势,并提出一些保护水质的对策。适当网围养鱼对东太湖水质影响不大,相反可延缓东太湖的沼泽和富营养化进程。  相似文献   

2.
对南黄海北部48个海底表层沉积物样品进行了常规的有机地球化学分析测试,对沉积有机质中的饱和烃组分进行了色谱定量、色谱—质谱分析。测试结果显示沉积有机质受微生物的降解作用在饱和烃色谱图中出现不同程度的UCM鼓包,峰型为双峰型,奇偶碳优势明显,且长链烃奇数碳优势更加显著;石油烃参数Pr/nC17和Ph/nC18比值较高;甾、萜烷成熟度生物标志物参数均显示了有机质进入生烃的热成熟阶段。综合分析认为,南黄海北部海底沉积物受双源控制,以陆源输入为主,有机质保存条件好,成熟度较高,推测可能有外源烃的污染。  相似文献   

3.
湖泊沉物中有机质碳同位素特征及其古气候   总被引:17,自引:4,他引:13  
本文对湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素的形成条件及其与环境气候的关系进行了初步讨论。湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素主要由湖泊沉积物中有机质来源决定,因此也涉及有机质合成所面碳的来源。此外,还受源水化学性质,湖泊初级生产力、大气二氧化碳浓度、流域水文特征、区域自然环境、沉积环境以及沉积的物理藏后的保存状况等因素影响。  相似文献   

4.
平原水网地区湖泊的水环境容量及允许负荷量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文从平原水网地区的湖泊具体特征出发,探讨了平原水网地区的湖泊水面允许负荷量和水环境容量的计算方法,并对我国著名的淡水湖太湖进行了计算,为太湖的水质规划和保护提供了科学的依据。  相似文献   

5.
太湖气温效应的分析   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
本文讨论了定量计算湖泊气温效应的方法,并估算了太湖温效和盛行风对太湖温效的影响。在总结冷、暖空气流经湖面时气温变化规律的基础上,给出了计算太湖最高和最低气温的数学表达式。文中尚为预测太湖湖面上隆冬最低气温和1月平均最低气温,提供了预告图和数学计算式。最后,还分析了太湖温效对双季稻生长的有利影响。  相似文献   

6.
湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素特征及其古气候   总被引:20,自引:3,他引:17  
本文对湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素的形成条件及其与环境气候的关系进行了初步讨论。湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素主要由湖泊沉积物中有机质来源决定,因此也涉及有机质合成所需碳的来源。此外,还受湖水化学性质(pH值、硬度等)、湖泊初级生产力、大气二氧化碳浓度、流域水文特征、区域自然环境、沉积环境以及沉积物埋藏后的保存状况等因素影响。有机质碳同位素与气候条件存在着一联系。 ̄(13)C值高,一般对应于气候的暖期; ̄(13)C值低则对应冷期。但两者关系实际远非如此简单,一些地区的湖泊沉积物有机质 ̄(13)C对气候波动并不敏感,有时甚至具有反向的变化,本文就这些问题作了详细论述。另外,通过对鄱阳湖、呼伦湖等湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素特征分析,认为 ̄(13)C值对区分湖泊沉积中间夹的非湖相(河流、风沙沉积等)沉积环境也具有明显的指导意义。  相似文献   

7.
江苏省主要湖泊的降水量与湖泊的降水效应   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本文分析了江苏境内主要湖泊的降水量特征,揭示了长江是江苏各湖泊不同降水量特征的一条十分明显的天然界线;估算了太湖的降水效应,并据此推估出江苏主要湖泊的降水效应不太明显;江苏各湖泊的降水量与其水位年过程趋势相似,只是后者位相滞后于前者而已。  相似文献   

8.
太湖平原有全新世海侵吗?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
孙顺才 《海洋学报》1992,14(4):69-77
本文通过多年来对太湖平原上众多湖泊的测量、深钻、浅钻及浅地层剖面仪探测及湖泊沉积物系统分析等,认为这些湖泊皆系冲积平原上的洼地积水,洪水时渲泄不畅所致,并非全新世海侵与潟湖演化而成,也证明广大太湖平原中部在全新世未曾遭受到广泛的海侵.  相似文献   

9.
对台湾地区18个湖泊水库水体中悬浮颗粒有机质之碳,氢,氧,氮,硫和叶绿素α的含量进行了分析,其中POO乃首度以元素分析仪直接测量。结果为,POC,POH,POO,PON,POS含量分别介于138-8370μg/L,13.7-926.1μg/L,31-2623μm/L,14-1265μg/L,1.9-49.7μg/L之间,Ch1.a含量则介于0.31-96.75μg/L之间,POM元素间原子数关系为  相似文献   

10.
兴措湖沉积物有机碳及其同位素记录揭示的近代气候与环境   总被引:17,自引:5,他引:12  
通过若尔盖盆地兴措湖沉积物中总有机碳及其同位素指标与器测气象资料的耦合、验证并建立函数关系,对兴措湖近代湖泊沉积物中有机碳及其同位素指标所代表的气候环境信息进行了定量研究。研究表明,兴措湖沉积物总有机碳含量与降水量之间有明显的相关性,其相关系数达-0.67,平均变率(dTC/dP)为-0.046%/mm;而有机碳同位素δ^13Corg与温度间的相关系数为-0.75,平均变率(dδ^13C/dT)为-0.84‰/C。在此基础上,建立了兴措湖沉积物总有机碳及其同位素记录与对应的降水及气温间的函数关系。  相似文献   

11.
To examine the source and preservation of organic matter in the shelf sediments of the East China Sea (ECS), we measured bulk C/N and isotopes, organic biomarkers (n-alkanes and fatty acids) and compound-specific (fatty acids) stable carbon isotope ratios in three sediment cores collected from two sites near the Changjiang Estuary and one in the ECS shelf. Contrasting chemical and isotopic compositions of organic matter were observed between the estuarine and shelf sediments. The concentrations of total n-alkanes and fatty acids in the shelf surface sediments (0–2 cm) were 5–10 times higher than those in estuarine surface sediments but they all decreased rapidly to comparable levels below the surface layer. The compositions of n-alkanes in the estuarine sediments were dominated by C26-C33 long-chain n-alkanes with a strong odd-to-even carbon number predominance. In contrast, the composition of n-alkanes in the shelf sediment was dominated by nC15 to nC22 compounds. Long-chain (>C20) fatty acids (terrestrial biomarkers) accounted for a significantly higher fraction in the estuarine sediments compared to that in the shelf sediment, while short-chain (<C20) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were more abundant in the shelf surface sediments than in the estuarine sediments. Stable carbon isotopic ratios of individual fatty acids showed a general positive shift from estuarine to shelf sediments, consistent with the variations in bulk δ 13CTOCTOC. These contrasts between the estuarine and shelf sediments indicate that terrestrial organic matter was mainly deposited within the Changjiang Estuary and inner shelf of ECS. Post-depositional diagenetic processes in the surface sediments rapidly altered the chemical compositions and control the preservation of organic matter in the region.  相似文献   

12.
Sediment and water column data from four sites in North, Central and South San Francisco Bays were collected monthly from November 1999 through November 2001 to investigate the seasonal variation of benthic organic matter and chlorophyll in channel sediments, the composition and quality of sediment organic matter (SOM), and the relationship between seasonal patterns in benthic organic matter and patterns in water column chlorophyll. Water column chlorophyll peaked in the spring of 2000 and 2001, characteristic of other studies of San Francisco Bay phytoplankton dynamics, however an unusual chlorophyll peak occurred in fall 2000. Cross-correlation analysis revealed that water column chlorophyll at these four channel sites lead sediment parameters by an average of 2 to 3 months. Sediment organic matter levels in the San Francisco Bay channel showed seasonal cycles that followed patterns of water column production: peaks in water column chlorophyll were followed by later peaks in sediment chlorophyll and organic matter. Cyclical, seasonal variations also occurred in sediment organic matter parameters with sediment total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) being highest in spring and lowest in winter, and sediment amino acids being highest in spring and summer and lowest in winter. Sediment chlorophyll, total organic carbon, and nitrogen were generally positively correlated with each other. Sediment organic matter levels were lowest in North Bay, intermediate in Central Bay, and highest in South Bay. C:N ratio and the ratio of enzyme hydrolyzable amino acids to TOC (EHAA:TOC) data suggest that SOM quality is more labile in Central and northern South Bay, and more refractory in North Bay and southern South Bay.  相似文献   

13.
Molecular organic biomarkers together with trace element composition were investigated in sediments east of Barrow Canyon in the western Arctic Ocean to determine sources and recycling of organic carbon in a continuum from the shelf to the basin. Algal biomarkers (polyunsaturated and short-chain saturated fatty acids, 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, dinosterol) highlight the substantial contribution of organic matter from water column and sea-ice primary productivity in shelf environments, while redox markers such as acid volatile sulfide (AVS), Mn, and Re indicate intense metabolism of this material leading to sediment anoxia. Shelf sediments also receive considerable inputs from terrestrial organic carbon, with biomarker composition suggesting the presence of multiple pools of terrestrial organic matter segregated by age/lability or hydrodynamic sorting. Sedimentary metabolism was not as intense in slope sediments as on the shelf; however, sufficient labile organic matter is present to create suboxic and anoxic conditions, at least intermittently, as organic matter is focused towards the slope. Basin sediments also showed evidence for episodic delivery of labile organic carbon inputs despite the strong physical controls of water depth and sea-ice cover. Principal components analysis of the lipid biomarker data was used to estimate fractions of preserved recalcitrant (of terrestrial origin) and labile (of marine origin) organic matter in the sediments, with ranges of 12–79%, 14–45%, and 37–66% found for the shelf, slope, and basin cores, respectively. On average, the relative preserved terrestrial organic matter in basin sediments was 56%, suggesting exchange of organic carbon between nearshore and basin environments in the western Arctic.  相似文献   

14.
To estimate the source and diagenetic state of organic matter reaching bottom sediments, fatty acids and sterols were measured in unconsolidated surface material (flocs) at 12 sites ranging from 600 to 2000 m across the mid-Atlantic continental slope off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Total free and esterefied fatty acids were similar in distribution and concentration to other coastal systems, with values ranging from 0.64 to 46.52 μg mg−1 organic carbon (1.10–68.85 μg g−1 dry sediment). Although shallow (600 m) stations contained significantly greater fatty acid concentrations than deep (> 1400m) stations, high variability observed at mid-depth (800 m) collections precluded a consistent relationship between total fatty acid concentration and station depth. At three sites where underlying sediments were also collected, decreases in total fatty acids, reduced amounts of polyenoic acids and significant presence of bacterial fatty acid suggest rapid reworking of labile organic material that reaches the sediment surface. The distribution of sterols was remarkably consistent among all sites even though there were large variations in concentrations (1.8–20.7 μg mg−1 organic carbon). Sterol composition indicated phytoplankton, principally diatoms and dinoflagellates, as the principal source of labile organic matter to sediments, together with a significant input of cholest-5-en-3β-ol typical of zooplankton and their feeding activity. A minor but widespread terrigenous input was also evident based upon significant concentrations of sterols dominant in vascular plants.  相似文献   

15.
《Marine Chemistry》2005,93(1):53-73
The provenance of organic matter in sediments from the Mackenzie River and Beaufort Shelf was investigated using the stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopic compositions of bulk organic matter and the stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual organic compounds, including lignin-derived phenols and lipid-derived fatty acids. Most river suspended sediments and shelf surface sediments contained organic carbon characterized by highly depleted Δ14C values that were consistent with average radiocarbon ages exceeding 7000 years. The stable carbon isotopic signatures of lignin phenols were uniformly depleted (−25≥δ13C≥−32‰), indicating the predominant contributions of C3 vascular plant sources. The isotopic compositions of C14 and C16 fatty acids exhibited important contrasts between the river (−36‰ to −40‰) and shelf (−25‰ to −29‰) sediments that were consistent with contributions from freshwater algae and/or vascular plants in the former and marine phytoplankton in the latter. Using 14C isotopic mass balance, the abundances of modern and ancient organic matter were quantitatively constrained. The fate of organic matter in the Beaufort Shelf was explored by normalizing these abundances to the specific surface area of sediments. Ancient organic carbon, which may include old pre-aged soil material as well as fossil bitumen or kerogen, accounted for the majority (∼70%) of the particulate organic matter exported by the Mackenzie River and deposited in surface sediments of the Beaufort Shelf. Modern organic carbon accounted for ∼30% in both river and shelf sediments, with significant contributions from vascular plant-derived materials in both river and shelf samples and from marine algae in the shelf sediments. Respiration (and/or leaching) of particle-bound marine organic matter dominates the carbon metabolism in the Mackenzie Delta/Beaufort Shelf region. However, land-derived pools, including modern carbon derived from vascular plants as well as ancient carbon also appeared to undergo a degree of post-depositional degradation prior to burial in the shelf. These novel source apportionments are reflected in an updated carbon budget for the study area.  相似文献   

16.
Sedimentary material from coastal and nearshore areas in the Mississippi Delta region are comprised of different organic carbon sources with diverse ages that require isotopic and elemental records for resolving the various sources of plant residues. Carbon isotopic ((13)C, (14)C) values were used to differentiate contributions from plants using the C3, C4, and/or CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) carbon fixation pathways., and iodine concentrations indicated that wetland plant residues are a significant source of organic carbon in a sediment core from the Mississippi River delta region collected at a 60 m water depth. This sediment core had been extensively described in Oktay et al. [Oktay, S.D., Santschi, P.H., Moran, J.E., Sharma, P., 2000. The (129)Iodine Bomb Pulse Recorded in Mississippi River delta Sediments: Results from Isotopes of I, Pu, Cs, Pb, and C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64 (6), 989-996.] and significantly, includes unique features that had not previously been seen in the marine environment. These special features include a plutonium isotopic close-in fallout record that indicates a purely terrestrial source for these sediment particles and the elements associated with it, and a distinct iodine isotopic peak (as well as peaks for plutonium and cesium isotopes) that indicate little bioturbation in this core. Our carbon isotopic and iodine data can thus be compared to published records of changes in drainage basin land use, river hydrology, and hydrodynamic sorting of suspended particles to elucidate if these changes are reflected in nearshore sediments. This comparison suggests a significant contribution for organic carbon (OC) from C4 plants to these sediments during the 1950's to early 1960's. Relative older carbon isotopes, and episodically high iodine concentrations (up to 34 ppm) were observed during this time period that (1) indicate sediment deposition that is coincident with the times of major hydrological changes induced from dam and levee building in both the upper and lower reaches of the Mississippi River drainage basin, and (2) suggest episodic organic carbon deposition from wetland plant residues.  相似文献   

17.
鸭绿江河口西岸潮滩沉积物有机质对流域变化的响应   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
河流颗粒有机质提供了陆地碳循环的重要信息以及人类活动的记录,通过河口地区沉积物有机质组成,可反映流域变化及海陆间相互作用。2010-2011年分两次于鸭绿江河口西岸潮滩采集柱样4根及表层样23个。对样品进行有机质碳氮总量(TOC、TN)、碳氮同位素(δ13C、δ15 N)及沉积物粒度测试。分析结果表明,由河口向西,有机质受改造程度加深且来源逐渐复杂化,致TOC/TN与δ13C的相关性逐渐降低,δ15 N与沉积物粒度的相关性也随之降低。文中以δ13C为主线探讨沉积物有机质的来源及运移,TOC/TN作为辅助,δ15 N则用于指示生化条件的改变。柱样的δ13 C分布与河流入海输沙密切相关,水库对入海泥沙的拦截,致河口潮滩沉积速率减缓,从而增加了沉积物中海源有机质的含量,δ13C随之增加。潮滩西侧柱样的δ15 N增加指示了生活工业污水的大量排放。此外,表层样δ13C分布的方向性,指示了西水道门口处的快速堆积及潮下带物质的向岸运移,并在西岸潮滩向岸一侧富集。  相似文献   

18.
An understanding of the carbon cycle within arctic sediments requires discrimination between the terrigenous and marine components of organic carbon, insight into the removal mechanisms for labile carbon during burial and appreciation of shelf-to-basin processes. Using a large data set of multiple molecular organic markers (alkanes, alkanols, sterols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids), we apply (1) principal components analysis (PCA) to obtain a robust comparison of biomarker compositions in Arctic Ocean sediments, (2) geometric mean (GM) linear regression of the PCA variables to estimate the relative contributions of labile/marine and stable/terrigenous sources to each biomarker and (3) the slope of the GM regression of each biomarker with TOC to provide a novel measure of the removal rate of each biomarker relative to phytol. The PCA- and TOC-based indices generally increase together: biomarkers with very high TOC-based removal rates such as the saturated and unsaturated n-alkanoic acids generally have a high labile/marine content from PCA, while the sterols have low removal rates, but exhibit a range of labile/marine content values and the n-alkanes and n-alkanols have low values for both. A dominant feature of all PCA models examined is a progressive decrease in the autochthonous/marine biomarkers with each increase in sediment core depth, which points to a universal diagenetic alteration of organic carbon with depth in the cores. The PCA model also displays a shelf to basin trend that is non-diagenetic and implies the ongoing (centuries or more) delivery of long-chain n-alkanes, n-alcohols and n-alkanoic acids in a matrix that is pre-formed and well-preserved within the sediments. Terrigenous biomarker distributions within the PCA model suggest that atmospheric transport of plant waxes in aerosols and the water borne transport of very fine plant macerals likely have significant roles in the export of these vascular plant biomarkers to the basins. Biomarker ratios and profiles of the PCA-based labile/marine content with core depth indicate that the PCA model is more strongly influenced by the biomarker lability than the marine content, while increases in the marine content are largely responsible for the shifts in composition for near-surface core sections.  相似文献   

19.
本研究旨在揭示九龙江口潮滩有机质含量及其来源的时空分异规律,寻找有效识别潮滩沉积环境的有机碳指标,以便更好地将有机碳应用于河口沉积微相识别和古环境研究。在九龙江口潮滩不同地貌单元,于夏季和冬季采集41个表层沉积物,进行粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和稳定碳同位素(δ13C)测试。结果显示:从高潮滩至低潮滩,沉积物粒度逐渐变粗,TOC、TN和C/N变小,δ13C值偏正。高潮滩有机质来源以陆源和红树林贡献为主,中潮滩以海源和互花米草贡献为主,低潮滩以海源贡献为主。九龙江口潮滩有机质的分布和来源受控于河口陆海相互作用的季节变化、潮滩沉积动力分异和潮滩植被分布。高潮滩与中–低潮滩之间,TOC存在显著性差异,TN、δ13C存在极显著性差异,因此参数组合TOC、TN和δ13C可作为高潮滩与中–低潮滩的有效判别指标。  相似文献   

20.
The sources and distributions of terrigenous organic matter (OM) were investigated in a small tropical estuary in the Hainan Island, South China. Plants, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and surface sediments samples in the estuary and coast were collected. Bulk properties [organic carbon (OC%), total nitrogen (TN%), stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and grain size] and lignin phenol concentrations were measured. OC% of mangrove plants was (43.4 ± 2.1)%, which is similar to the values reported for mangrove plants in other regions. OC% of sediment samples ranged from 0.07% to 1.42%, and they were related to the sediment texture. Lignin phenols in the sediment ranged from 5.16 mg/100 mg OC in the uppermost station to 0.51mg/100mg OC in the coast. The molar ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen (C/N) (~7) and δ 13 C (~-31.1×10-3 ) of riverine SPM revealed that the major OM sources of riverine SPM were aquatic OM (phytoplankton and/or bacteria). Moreover, the lower lignin concentration (Λ8) and higher (Ad/Al)v of lignin phenols suggest that terrestrial OM in riverine SPM were mainly from soil. Furthermore, C/N ratio, δ13C and lignin phenols reveal that mangrove plants were the predominant OM sources of mangrove surface sediment. Based on the δ13C and lignin phenols, it can be concluded that the major OM sources in estuarine and coastal surface sediments were marine phytoplankton, riverine SPM and mangrove surface sediment. In addition, the higher (Ad/Al)v of lignin phenols in those coastal sediments indicate that seagrass might be a potential OM source in coastal sediments, however, the lower (Ad/Al)v in the estuarine sediments in turn suggests that seagrass could not be transported to the mangrove fringed region. A three-end-member model which is based on lignin concentrations and δ13C was applied to evaluate the contribution of mangroves to the organic matter preserved in the surface sediments. Around the mangrove fringed region, mangrove could contribute more than 50% to the sedimentary OM, and this value is much higher than riverine OM. Nevertheless, mangrove OM could not be efficiently transported to the coastal region. Our study suggests that mangrove forest is an important OM source in this small estuary.  相似文献   

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