共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(8)
本文使用溶液插层法制备羧甲基壳聚糖/有机蒙脱土(CMC/OMMT)复合物。以该复合物为吸附剂,去除水中的4-氯酚(4-CP)、2,4-二氯酚(DCP)及2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)。考察了pH值对吸附性能的影响,并对其吸附动力学和吸附热力学特征进行了研究。结果表明,CMC/OMMT吸附4-CP、DCP和TCP的最适pH值分别为9、7和5。CMC/OMMT对氯酚类化合物的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,且颗粒内扩散不是吸附速率的唯一控制步骤。CMC/OMMT对氯酚类化合物的吸附平衡最符合非线性Tempkin模型。热力学参数ΔGo、ΔHo及ΔSo表明该吸附过程是以物理吸附为主的放热反应。连续进行5次吸附/再生循环后,CMC/OMMT对4-CP、DCP和TCP的再生率分别为50.50%、46.76%和51.05%,表明该复合物具有较好的重复使用潜力。 相似文献
2.
采用溶液插层法,利用壳聚糖和蒙脱土制备了壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物,使用红外光谱和X-射线衍射分析对其结构进行了表征;以此复合物为活性红染料RR136的吸附剂,考察了复合物中壳聚糖与蒙脱土的摩尔比、染料溶液pH值和浓度、吸附温度及吸附剂用量等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附反应的最佳条件是以壳聚糖与蒙脱土摩尔比为5∶1的插层复合物为吸附剂,反应温度20℃,RR136溶液pH为3。壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物对活性红染料的吸附更符合Langmuir模型,吸附热力学参数ΔGo、ΔHo和ΔSo值分别为-3.338kJ·mol-1(30℃),-37.98kJ·mol-1和-114.77J·mol-1·K-1,表明壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物对活性红染料的吸附是自发的、以物理吸附为主的放热反应。 相似文献
3.
以壳聚糖粉末为原料,采用反相悬浮交联法制备了球状壳聚糖树脂(MCR)。通过静态吸附实验,研究了pH和温度对MCR吸附NO-2的影响以及MCR对水溶液中NO-2的吸附热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,在酸性条件下,313~328K时,MCR对NO-2有较好的吸附性能。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,属于单分子层吸附。吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,受粒子内扩散和液膜扩散联合控制。 相似文献
4.
吸附材料再生可以实现吸附材料的循环使用,降低处理成本。本文研究了壳聚糖-生物炭复合材料上诺氟沙星(NOR)解吸的影响因素,考察了NOR解吸动力学过程,并通过多次再生实验探讨了其重复使用潜力。结果表明,以NaOH为解吸剂时有利于促进壳聚糖-生物炭复合材料上NOR的解吸,随NaOH浓度的提高,NOR的解吸率增大。溶液离子强度提高了NOR的解吸率,离子强度为0.1mol/L时NOR的解吸效果最好。热力学参数ΔG和ΔS表明该解吸过程是自发进行的吸热反应。NOR在壳聚糖-生物炭复合材料上的解吸主要受慢解吸和极慢解吸控制。双常数方程和Elovich方程可较好描述复合材料上NOR的解吸动力学行为。壳聚糖-生物炭复合材料重复使用6次后,NOR的解吸率为66.88%,吸附量为8.675mg/g,表明壳聚糖-生物炭复合材料具有较好的可循环利用潜能。 相似文献
5.
6.
采用实验生态学方法,研究了Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)单一及复合胁迫3d、6d、9d对双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)消化酶活性和抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明,沙蚕的各项不同指标对Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫的响应表现出不同的变化趋势,复合胁迫中Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)对沙蚕各指标的影响存在交互效应。沙蚕3种消化酶活性大小为淀粉酶蛋白酶脂肪酶。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)单一胁迫能激发沙蚕淀粉酶活性,激发作用强于复合胁迫。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)单一胁迫实验前期低浓度组蛋白酶被抑制,高浓度组被诱导,复合胁迫实验前期Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)对蛋白酶活性的影响存在协同作用。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫对沙蚕脂肪酶活性整体表现出抑制作用。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫诱导沙蚕超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),整体上激活过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。Cd~(2+)单一胁迫实验组过氧化物酶(POD)均被显著诱导,具有"剂量-效应"关系,Cu~(2+)单一胁迫实验后期POD被显著诱导,复合胁迫实验中,低浓度Cu~(2+)组POD被显著诱导,高浓度Cu~(2+)组POD被显著抑制。实验组沙蚕谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GXH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均高于对照组,复合胁迫实验前期,GXH-Px活性与Cu~(2+)浓度呈正相关关系,与Cd~(2+)浓度呈负相关关系。显著的效应-剂量间相关关系存在于特定时间(3d、6d)的MDA含量,沙蚕MDA含量用作监测海洋重金属污染的生物标志物的可能性较大。 相似文献
7.
近年来,中国近岸重金属污染问题日趋严重。作者通过研究重金属Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾(Palaemon carincauda)的单一及复合急性毒性效应,为其养殖水质管理提供科学依据。本研究采用半静态急性毒性测定方法,开展了不同浓度Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾96 h内的急性毒性试验。研究结果表明:在单一污染物暴露下,Cd~(2+)对脊尾白虾24、48、72、96 h的半数致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为138.699、33.110、9.719、3.650 mg/L,Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾48、72、96 h的LC50分别为254.541、62.750、29.074 mg/L;Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾96 h的安全质量浓度分别为0.365和2.907 mg/L;在等浓度配比(1︰1)暴露下,Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)复合污染对目标生物在48、72、96 h暴露期间的毒性相加指数(additive index,AI)分别为0.155、0.068、0.258。综上所述,Cd~(2+)对脊尾白虾的毒性较Pb~(2+)更强,Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)对脊尾白虾的复合污染均表现出较明显的协同作用。 相似文献
8.
为研究青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)对重金属Cu~(2+)的蓄积作用及免疫机能的影响,开展了Cu~(2+)对青蛤的急性毒性实验,观察青蛤在96 h Cu~(2+)半致死浓度和安全浓度胁迫下,不同组织的蓄积趋势,及血淋巴液中SOD、CAT和ACP活性的变化。结果显示:Cu~(2+)的半致死浓度为0.807 mg/L,安全浓度为0.00807 mg/L。鳃和内脏团组织中蓄积的Cu~(2+)浓度与处理时间呈正相关;在半致死和安全浓度胁迫下,鳃组织中Cu~(2+)蓄积速度均快于内脏团;在半致死浓度胁迫下血淋巴液中SOD、CAT和ACP活性呈现先诱导再抑制的趋势,安全浓度下无明显变化,但均高于对照组水平。 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(7)
本文考察了Cu~(2+)冲击负荷对序批式反应器(SBR)脱氮性能、脱氮速率、微生物酶活性和微生物群落的影响,并评价了SBR的抗Cu~(2+)冲击负荷能力。结果表明,在100 mg/L Cu~(2+)冲击24 h后,COD的去除率由92.59%下降到47.01%,NH~+_4-N的去除率由99.64%下降到45.76%。冲击停止后,SBR脱氮性能经过61天得到恢复。比耗氧速率、脱氮速率以及相关酶活性在Cu~(2+)冲击60天后恢复正常水平。Cu~(2+)冲击促进了活性氧的产生、乳酸脱氢酶的分泌,说明瞬时冲击引起了细胞氧化应激并使细胞膜受损。过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性在瞬时Cu~(2+)冲击下明显增加,以抑制活性氧的产生。微生物群落的丰富度和多样性在Cu~(2+)负荷冲击下变化显著。SBR具有一定的抗瞬时Cu~(2+)冲击负荷的能力,Cu~(2+)冲击负荷消失后能够逐渐恢复其脱氮性能。 相似文献
10.
采用负载镧的乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)交联壳聚糖微球对含氟水进行吸附处理.该吸附剂的适宜工作条件为:温度30～50℃,pH值7.0,吸附时间30 min.用吸附等温线描述了F-在吸附剂上的吸附平衡,并用动力学模型研究了其吸附动力学机制.结果表明:吸附剂对F-的吸附平衡符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Freundlich吸附等温线,饱和吸附容量为25.7mg·g-1;该吸附剂对F-的吸附既包含化学吸附又包含物理吸附过程,以单分子层的化学吸附为主;吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附过程受化学吸附机理的控制,颗粒内扩散和液膜形成的边界层是其限速步骤. 相似文献
11.
Naoto Takahata Yuji Sano Keika Horiguchi Kotaro Shirai Toshitaka Gamo 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(2):293-301
We have collected fifty-five seawater samples at seven stations at various depths in the Yamato and Japan Basins of the Japan
Sea and measured their helium isotopic ratios. The 3He/4He ratios vary from 0.997 Ratm to 1.085 Ratm where Ratm is the atmospheric ratio. The maximum 3He excesses about 8%, are observed at mid-depth (1000 m), and these values are significantly lower than those observed in
deep Pacific waters. This implies that mantle-derived helium in deep Pacific water cannot enter the Japan Sea since it is
an almost landlocked marginal sea. The observed 8% excess 3He may be attributable to the decay product of tritium. Slightly higher 3He/4He ratios in the Bottom Water were observed in the Yamato Basin than in the Japan Basin. The ventilation ages of seawater
shallower than 1000 m are calculated as about 5 to 20 years, which is consistent with the CFC ages reported in the literature.
There is a positive correlation between the apparent oxygen utilization and 3H-3He ages. The estimated oxygen utilization rate from the correlation in a layer between 500 m and 1000 m is about 3 μmol/kg/yr, which is similar to that in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic. 相似文献
12.
本文报道2015年9月和2016年5月期间天然放射性核素224Ra和223Ra在吕宋海峡及周边海域表层和垂向水体的分布特征。为理解日本福岛核事故的影响，本文亦分析研究区域内人工放射性核素137Cs的分布特征。结果表明，224，223Ra和137Cs比活度水平均处于我国南海海洋天然放射性本底变化范围之内。224Ra在吕宋海峡以西南海北部海域比活度较高，在吕宋海峡以东菲律宾海域比活度较低。137Cs没有明显的分布趋势。基于三站位（LS3，LS5和LS8）224Ra、137Cs以及温盐的垂向分布特征，本文揭示224Ra和137Cs在热带表层水、次表层水和中-深层水中比活度水平和梯度变化的差异特征。彩虹台风事件扭转了整个吕宋海峡及周边海域的海流循环过程。大量以低水平224Ra为特征的西太平洋海水涌入南海，降低水体224Ra比活度水平。但是，西太平洋和南海北部海域水体137Cs比活度水平没有明显差异，台风导致的海流变化对水体137Cs比活度没有明显影响。 相似文献
13.
海洋沉积物不同相态中Sr、Nd同位素提取方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海洋沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态的Sr、Nd同位素组成能够敏感地指示洋流循环及物质来源,但实验室对沉积物中上述相态的Sr和Nd同位素的提取易产生过量或提取不完全,进而影响同位素测定结果的准确性,因此制定有效的提取流程显得非常重要。本文采用不同浓度盐酸羟胺(Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride,HH)与醋酸(Acetic Acid,HAc)混合溶液对中印度洋海盆深海沸石黏土、北极半深海沉积物以及安达曼海近海沉积物的Fe-Mn氧化物相进行提取,残渣态用HNO3-HF高压密闭消解法溶融,测定了各相态的主微量元素含量及Sr、Nd同位素组成,通过分析不同实验条件下得到的Fe-Mn氧化物相与残渣态的稀土元素(REE)配分模式、Al/Nd含量比值及Sr、Nd同位素组成,建立了3种不同成因类型海洋沉积物不同相态的化学提取方法。提取深海沸石黏土中Fe-Mn氧化物相的理想试剂条件为0.25 mol/L HH和15%HAc,北极半深海沉积物和安达曼海近海沉积物的试剂条件为0.5 mol/L HH和15%HAc。该方法可以准确获得沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物相与残渣态的Sr、Nd同位素组成信息,为古海洋学的研究提供方法支持。 相似文献
14.
Color measuring is characterized by high resolution, high efficiency, and low cost. The application becomes increasingly common for tracing sediment sources and climate variation. Borehole LZ908 in the south coastal plain of the Laizhou Bay in northeast China, was used, of which the top 54 m containing all marine facies was focused, to test the feasibility of colorimetry as a climate indicator using visible light reflectance spectra and L*a*b* measurement results. The results show a good correction between lightness and calcium carbonate content in marine-terrigenous deposits; therefore, these deposits can be used as a proxy to study climate changes. Factor-analysis on the first derivative values of the raw visible light reflectance spectra produced three principal factors corresponding to goethite, organic matter, and hematite. Down hole variations in the three factor scores, lightness, calcium carbonate content, and grain size were quite consistent. Moreover, high lightness and low factor scores in goethite, hematite, and organics indicated glacial regression deposits, while low lightness and high factor scores in goethite, hematite, and organics indicated interglacial transgression deposits. 相似文献
15.
16.
JI Lihong LIU Guangshan CHEN Zhigang HUANG Yipu XING N JIANG Shan HE Ming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(10):31-35
In the present study,the analytical method for 129iodine(129I) in ferromanganese crusts is developed and129iodine/127iodine(129I/127I) ratio in ferromanganese crusts is measured by the accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS).The developed method is applied to analyze 129I/127 I ratio in two ferromanganese crusts MP5D44 and CXD08-1 collected from the Mid-Pacific Ocean.The results show that 129I/127 I ratio in MP5D44 and CXD08-1crusts varies from 7×10–14 to 1.27×10–12,with the lowest value falling on the detection limit level of AMS reported by previous literatures.For the depth distribution of 129I/127 I,it is found that both MP5D44 and CXD08-1 crusts have two growth generations,and the 129I/127 I profiles in two generations all displayed an approximate exponential decay.According to the 129I/127 I ratio,the generate age of bottom layer of MP5D44 and CXD08-1 was estimated to be 54.77 and 69.69 Ma,respectively. 相似文献
17.
Understanding phosphorus dynamics in marine environment is of great importance, and appropriate tracers for phosphorus cycling in oceans are invaluable. In this study, two methods were developed for extraction, purification, and determination of naturally occurring 32P and 33P in rainwater, marine plankton and sediments using both a low-level beta counter (LBC) and an ultra-low-level liquid scintillation spectrometer (LSS). Blanks, chemical yields and counting efficiencies were quantified for both methods. The chemical purification of 32P and 33P separated by both procedures was validated by their decay curves. The absorber thickness of aluminum for LBC was assessed as 39.2 mg/cm 2 . 32P and 33P specific activities in some rain samples were determined by both methods and showed good consistent results. The advantage of the LSS over the LBC is apparent in its high counting efficiency and in determining samples with high concentration of stable phosphorus. However, when measuring environmental samples with low concentration of stable phosphorus, such as rainwater, both methods can be used and each has its distinct advantage. 相似文献
18.
白令海颗粒有机物碳、氮同位素组成及其生物地球化学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate organic matter(POM) were measured for samples collected from the Bering Sea in 2010 summer. Particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate nitrogen(PN) showed high concentrations in the shelf and slope regions and decreased with depth in the slope and basin, indicating that biological processes play an important role on POM distribution. The low C/N ratio and heavy isotopic composition of POM, compared to those from the Alaska River, suggested a predominant contribution of marine biogenic organic matter in the Bering Sea. The fact that δ13C and δ15N generally increased with depth in the Bering Sea basin demonstrated that organic components with light carbon or nitrogen were decomposed preferentially during their transport to deep water. However, the high δ13C and δ15N observed in shelf bottom water were mostly resulted from sediment resuspension. 相似文献
19.
20.
The RaDeCC™ system has proved to be a robust method of measuring 223Ra and 224Ra extracted from natural waters. Samples ranging in size from < 1 to > 1000 L are first concentrated onto Mn-fiber. The Mn-fiber is partially dried and placed into a circulation system with helium as the carrier gas. Alpha decays of the radon daughters of 223Ra and 224Ra are recorded in a scintillation cell. These data are used to activate electronic gates in the delayed coincidence system, which separate events due to 223Ra from those due to 224Ra. The system combines a high detection efficiency with low background to accurately measure 223Ra and 224Ra at concentrations on the order of 5 atoms per liter. Since this system was first deployed, numerous improvements in electronics and technique have occurred. In this paper I present tests we have conducted to confirm certain assumptions and improve the overall technique of sample collection and measurement. 相似文献