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1.
黄海、东海海区水体散射特性研究   总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32  
半分析模型是水色遥感反演算法的研究热点,而水体后向散射系数对建立半分析水色反演模型是非常重要的参数.通过对黄海、东海海区的水体固有光学量测量数据进行分析,得到水体总后向散射系数与水体总散射系数的关系为乘幂关系,颗粒物后向散射系数随光谱变化的指数在高低浑浊度水体有很大差异,并初步得到黄海、东海海区水体的后向散射系数与总悬浮物浓度的关系,从而为水色半分析模型建立和水光学辐射计算提供一组散射特性模型.  相似文献   

2.
后向散射系数bb是水体固有光学参数之一,在水色遥感模型建立中起着重要的作用。目前主要利用美国Hobilabs公司的Hydro Scat-6(HS-6)或美国Wetlabs公司的BB-9两种后向散射测量仪器在现场进行测量。石油类污染水体中石油类物质与悬浮泥沙共同影响着水体后向散射系数bb,这两种仪器的测量值都是基于单一角度而获取的,难以实现利用其来进一步区分石油类和悬浮物的后向散射系数贡献。通过对纯水、石英砂微粒、油污水进行各种配比试验,获取不同组合样本,利用美国Sequoia Scientific公司的LISST-100X粒径仪和美国Wyatt公司的Dawn Heleos II(DAWN)十八角度静动态激光散射仪,结合Mie散射算法,探索出两种多角度获取bb的方法。一种是利用LISST-100X粒径仪测量值,再基于Mie散射算法计算得到;另一种方法是对Dawn Heleos II十八角度静动态激光散射仪进行定标以后,利用其测量值计算出bb。对比分析了两种方法所获取的结果,并对产生误差的原因进行了分析。  相似文献   

3.
后向散射系数是固有光学量中散射系数的重要组成部分,在海洋水色遥感反演中具有重要的作用。本文对比分析了北部湾2017年冬季和2018年夏季41个站位点所测得的数据,得到后向散射系数的空间分布以及后向散射系数与悬浮泥沙之间的关系,主要获得如下结论:(1)后向散射系数光谱曲线呈现平缓减少趋势,各个波段的后向散射系数的光谱模型呈乘幂形式;(2)北部湾后向散射系数空间分布特征受潮汐洋流的控制,表现为近岸高值、离岸低值的特征,与黄海、东海等海域后向散射系数空间分布相类似,而且冬季高值区域分布比夏季大;(3)后向散射系数与悬浮泥沙质量浓度相关性较好,其判定系数R~2=0.69,可建立与悬浮泥沙质量浓度的关系模型。  相似文献   

4.
黄东海海区总悬浮物散射特性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
我国黄东海水体散射特性非常复杂,这是造成该海域水色区划特点显著的原因之一。文中利用2003年4月黄东海试验数据(HD200304)对总悬浮物(TSM,Total Suspended Matter)的后向散射概率~bbs和单位散射系数bs*进行研究。基于对现场数据的统计分析,我们开发了总悬浮物后向散射概率模型,通过相对偏差分析表明,有近90%的样品反演相对偏差控制在±30%之内。对总悬浮物单位散射系数研究时,选择555 nm为参考波段,开发了不同波段间总悬浮物单位散射系数关系模型,通过相对偏差分析表明,有近94%的样品反演相对偏差在±10%之内,反演效果非常好。  相似文献   

5.
悬浮颗粒物在海洋光学特性中扮演着重要角色,后向散射系数是水色遥感反演中最主要的基础参数之一,因此对于悬浮颗粒物后向散射系数的研究具有重要意义。利用2003年4月黄东海春季航次测量的吸收、衰减和后向散射数据,研究该区域悬浮颗粒物后向散射系数和后向散射比的光谱特征以及空间分布规律。研究结果表明颗粒物后向散射系数光谱呈指数衰减且在垂直方向上与深度正相关;后向散射比的光谱具有波段特征;由于近岸颗粒物浓度大、粒径小,远岸颗粒物浓度小、粒径大以及湍流扰动的影响,导致后向散射系数和后向散射比呈现出在近岸海域较大而在远岸海域较小的空间分布规律。  相似文献   

6.
以珠江口东岸香港海域为研究对象,准同步获取实测悬浮物浓度和Radarsat-2影像数据.对影像进行滤波处理和掩模处理后,利用Radarsat-2四种极化下的后向散射系数建立悬浮物浓度单极化回归模型;通过多极化后向散射系数构造多个遥感参数,运用相关性分析得到4个敏感因子,建立悬浮物浓度多极化回归模型.最终得到研究区域悬浮物浓度的反演模型为:SSC=11.08+0.06(HH+VV)-0.002(HH+VV)2,R2=0.84,其中SSC为悬浮物浓度,HH和W为该极化下的后向散射系数,R2为决定系数.研究表明:HH和W极化的后向散射系数之和对研究区域悬浮物反演最为敏感,得到的反演模型能较好预测海洋悬浮物的分布情况.  相似文献   

7.
颗粒后向散射系数是水体最重要的固有光学参量之一,也是海洋水色卫星遥感的核心参数。现场准确测量水体颗粒后向散射数据,对于水色遥感模型构建以及水色遥感产品真实性检验至关重要。本文针对常用的3种水体颗粒后向散射系数原位测量仪(HydroScat6,VSF3和BB9),通过比测实验,对三者测量结果的一致性进行了比较分析。结果表明,在清洁水体中3种仪器对颗粒后向散射系数测量具有较好的一致性;但在浑浊水体中,HydroScat6和BB9测量值会比VSF3高,三者偏差显著增大。同时,数值模拟和实验结果均表明,颗粒形状会对测量结果产生影响,3种仪器对球形颗粒的后向散射系数测量结果的一致性显著好于野外颗粒结果。  相似文献   

8.
黄东海春季水体后向散射系数的经验模型研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
水体后向散射系数的反演模型研究是 II类水体生物 -光学算法开发的重要组成部分。通过对 2 0 0 3年 4月黄东海试验获得的水面之下遥感反射率 rrs (λ)和后向散射系数 bb (λ)的分析 ,以 bb (4 1 2 )为中间变量 ,根据水体后向散射系数的光谱特点 ,统计获得了 rrs (λ)反演的统计模型。从整体反演的效果可见 ,该模型在试验水域可使 73%的样品反演相对偏差控制在± 30 %之内 ,且多集中于± 1 0 %之内  相似文献   

9.
遥感技术在河口颗粒态总磷分布及扩散研究中的应用初探   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以美国SeaStar卫星装载的SeaWiFS海洋水色遥感传感器作为遥感数据源,实测了光谱、海表温度、悬浮物含量、透明度、叶绿素浓度、颗粒态总磷含量等,建立了传感器悬浮物含量和颗粒态总磷含量的遥感信息提取模式,结果表明:(1)利用遥感技术估算的海水悬浮物的平均相对偏差为18.1%;(2)悬浮物在遥感图象上的分布和扩散趋势与实际吻合,并且在一定程度上反映了区域内海流运移路径;(3)颗粒态总磷含量在长江河口和杭州湾附近海域较高,由近岸向远岸迅速降低,与实际分布相符;(4)模型主要适用于河口等悬浮物含量高的Ⅱ类水休,对于以浮游植物为主的Ⅰ类水体应另外建立模式.  相似文献   

10.
水体石油类信息遥感提取模式研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
石油类是水体有机污染物中的一种,其对水体吸收系数的影响主要体现在有色可溶性有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)的光吸收特性上。在水色遥感领域,CDOM光吸收特性主要用其在参考波段的吸收系数和光谱斜率来表征。利用2008年5月、2009年8月和2010年6月在辽宁省盘锦市辽河油田境内获取的CDOM吸收系数、水体表观光学特性以及石油类污染浓度等试验数据,确定表征石油类污染水体CDOM吸收光谱特性的光谱斜率;根据光谱斜率以及表征CDOM浓度的440 nm参考波段吸收系数,建立遥感反演水体石油类污染浓度的模式,并利用31个野外现场实测值对模式精度进行了验证,结果表明,该模式的相对误差为7%;将该模式应用于国产卫星环境一号遥感数据,获取双台子河及辽东湾近岸水体石油类污染空间分布图。  相似文献   

11.
An analysis of the radar backscattering from the ocean surface covered by oil spill is presented using a microwave scattering model and Monte-Carlo simulation. In the analysis, a one-dimensional rough sea surface is numerically generated with an ocean waveheight spectrum for a given wind velocity. A two-layered medium is then generated by adding a thin oil layer on the simulated rough sea surface. The electric fields backscattered from the sea surface with two-layered medium are computed with the method of moments (MoM), and the backscattering coefficients are statistically obtained with N independent samples for each oil-spilled surface using the Monte-Carlo technique for various conditions of surface roughness, oil-layer thickness, frequency, polarization and incidence angle. The numerical simulation results are compared with theoretical models for clean sea surfaces and SAR images of an oil-spilled sea surface caused by the Hebei (Hebei province, China) Spirit oil tanker in 2007. Further, conditions for better oil spill extraction are sought by the numerical simulation on the effects of wind speed and oil-layer thickness at different incidence angles on the backscattering coefficients.  相似文献   

12.
基于SAR的海上溢油监测最佳探测参数分析   总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3  
基于SAR数据,在后向散射系数计算的基础上,从波段、极化方式、入射角等方面开展了海上溢油监测参数分析,结果表明:基于SAR的海上溢油监测,从波段分析,X波段与C波段较L波段更适合监测海上溢油;从极化方式分析,VV极化较HH,HV极化更适合监测海上溢油;从入射角分析,在计算溢油与海水临界值时,经多次实验,位于远入射角的疑...  相似文献   

13.
大亚湾水体后向散射比率的光谱变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用2007年5月大亚湾浮标定点航次采集的生物-光学数据, 分析了大亚湾水体后向散射比率的光谱变化及其影响因素。分析结果表明, 660nm处后向散射比率变化范围在0.0040—0.0245之间, 均值为0.0082±0.0032, 实测后向散射比率光谱波段间的相对变化不超过15%; 颗粒后向散射比率随着叶绿素a浓度增加呈减小的趋势, 高叶绿素浓度显著对应较低的后向散射比率; 粒径是影响大亚湾水体后向散射比率的重要因素之一, 随着水体中Junge粒级斜率的增大, 颗粒后向散射比率显著增大; 折射率的变化也对后向散射比率产生一定影响, 类似的水体粒径分布情况下, 浮游植物与非藻类物质相对贡献的变化将导致折射率的明显变化, 并将主导水体后向散射比率的变化。  相似文献   

14.
魏铼  胡卓玮 《海洋学报》2013,35(1):94-103
溢油已是当前海洋生态环境破坏的主要因素之一,因此对海洋溢油的检测分析是当前海洋环境保护的一个重要课题。传统的溢油提取仅仅是单独依靠光学影像的光谱信息或者合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像的后向散射系数信息进行提取,这会造成很多同谱异物或者粗糙度相近似的地物错分,因此除了利用传统的影像信息以外,还需结合影像的纹理信息,从而提高溢油提取的精度,减少错分地物的数量。选用2006年渤海地区的三景同轨SAR影像作为数据基础,应用基于灰度共生矩阵的方法对其进行纹理分析。该方法可以很好地对图像区域和表面进行感知并能够从像元的灰度相关性上对纹理特征进行详细描述,因此适合于SAR影像的海洋溢油检测。在纹理分析的过程中有很多的参数需要选择,参数选择的好坏将直接影响最终提取结果的精度。通过对纹理分析过程中的参数进行讨论、实验、选择与验证,最终确定了基于灰度共生矩阵纹理分析中各参数的值,并选择了局部平稳、非相似性、对比度、变化量4个特征量作为溢油提取的纹理特征统计量。将纹理特征与SAR自身的后向散射系数相结合,通过神经网络分类法对其进行分类,并计算出分类精度为80.65%,分类效果良好。由此说明了将影像的传统信息与纹理信息相结合进行溢油提取是一种可行而有效的方法,同时也为后续的海洋溢油检测工作奠定了一定的基础。  相似文献   

15.
To conduct the simulation of oil spills in the Sea of Okhotsk, we developed a three-dimensional, high-resolution ocean circulation model. The model particularly improved the reproducibility of velocity field during the strong stratification period. Particle-tracking experiments with the effects of evaporation and biodegradation were performed using the combined data of daily ocean currents from the present model and the hourly diurnal tidal currents from the tidal model. The results are shown by the relative concentration of the particles averaged over the 8 years of 1998–2005 based on the ensemble forecast idea. For the case of particles released from the Sakhalin II oil field, the particles deployed in September–January are carried southward by the East Sakhalin Current, finally arriving at the Hokkaido coast, after 60–90 days. The particles deployed in March–August are diffused offshore by the synoptic wind drift, and hardly transported to regions south of Sakhalin. For the case of particles released from the region off Prigorodnoye, the oil export terminal, after the diffusion by the synoptic wind drift, a part of them are carried offshore of Hokkaido by the Soya Warm Current. The particles released in November–April flow out to the Japan Sea through the Soya Strait, mainly by the synoptic wind drift and secondly by the diffusion due to strong tidal currents around the Soya Strait. By considering the effects of evaporation and biodegradation, the relative concentration of the particles is considerably decreased before arriving at the Hokkaido coast, particularly in the case of drift from the Sakhalin II oil field.  相似文献   

16.
采用物理模型试验研究了海流作用下海底输油管道溢油扩散特性。水槽中的原油从管道的泄漏点溢出,并从海底扩散到海面。采用非接触式光学测量技术,设计了图像采集与数据分析系统,研究原油泄漏机理和特性。通过该系统获得了溢油的轨迹、速度和海面上升时间。从定性和定量两个角度分析了水流和溢油量对溢油行为的影响。之后给出了特征物理量对各种因素的敏感性研究。溢油在水下主要以不同粒径的散状颗粒的形式分布。原油的上升过程可分为三个阶段:饱满、分散和聚集阶段。溢油量是影响油粒子上升时间的主要因素。在油粒子的上升过程中,原油的垂直速度主要受溢油量的影响,横向速度则更依赖于水流速度。不同水流与溢油量下,横向溢油速度的偏差远大于海面上升时间和垂直溢油速度的偏差。该研究可为溢油应急预测系统提供理论参考。  相似文献   

17.
The eastern main sub-sag (E-MSS) of the Baiyun Sag was the main zone for gas exploration in the deep-water area of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Mouth Basin at its early exploration stage, but the main goal of searching gas in this area was broken through by the successful exploration of the W3-2 and H34B volatile oil reservoirs, which provides a new insight for exploration of the Paleogene oil reservoirs in the E-MSS. Nevertheless, it is not clear on the distribution of “gas accumulated in the upper layer, oil accumulated in the lower layer” (Gasupper-Oillower) under the high heat flow, different source-rock beds, multi-stages of oil and gas charge, and multi-fluid phases, and not yet a definite understanding of the genetic relationship and formation mechanism among volatile oil, light oil and condensate gas reservoirs, and the migration and sequential charge model of oil and gas. These puzzles directly lead to the lack of a clear direction for oil exploration and drilling zone in this area. In this work, the PVT fluid phase, the origin of crude oil and condensate, the secondary alteration of oil and gas reservoirs, the evolution sequence of oil and gas formation, the phase state of oil and gas migration, and the configuration of fault activity were analyzed, which established the migration and accumulation model of Gasupper-Oillower co-controlled by source and heat, and fractionation controlled by facies in the E-MSS. Meanwhile, the fractionation evolution model among common black reservoirs, volatile reservoirs, condensate reservoirs and gas reservoirs is discussed, which proposed that the distribution pattern of Gasupper-Oillower in the E-MSS is controlled by the generation attribute of oil and gas from source rocks, the difference of thermal evolution, and the fractionation controlled by phases after mixing the oil and gas. Overall, we suggest that residual oil reservoirs should be found in the lower strata of the discovered gas reservoirs in the oil-source fault and diapir-developed areas, while volatile oil reservoirs should be found in the deeper strata near the sag with no oil-source fault area.  相似文献   

18.
对珠江口海域流场进行了数值模拟。考虑风场对海面溢油物理和化学过程的影响,建立了考虑油膜扩展的溢油漂移轨迹数学模型,并对珠江口海域“12.7”溢油事故进行了数值模拟,为较全面了解溢油事故给珠海海域环境带来污染的过程提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

19.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation for transport of oil spills in seas   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
This study extends previous two-dimensional research [Wang, S.D., Shen, Y.M., Zheng, Y.H., 2005. Two-dimensional numerical simulation for transport and fate of oil spills in seas. Ocean Engineering 32, 1556–1571] to three dimensions in order to investigate the vertical dispersion/motion of the spilled oil slick, which is a more realistic model of the motion of the spilled oil. To this end, a three-dimensional (3-D) model, based on the particle approach, is developed for simulating oil spill transport and fate in seas. The amount of oil released at sea is distributed among a large number of particles tracked individually. These particles are driven by a combination of water current, wave- and wind-induced speed and move in a 3-D space. Horizontal and vertical diffusion are taken into account using a random walk technique. The model simulates the most significant processes which affect the motion of oil particles, such as advection, surface spreading, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, turbulent diffusion, the interaction of the oil particles with the shoreline, sedimentation and the temporal variations of oil viscosity, density and surface tension. In addition, the processes of hydrolysis, photo-oxidation and biodegradation are also considered in this model. The model has been applied to simulate the oil spill accident in the Bohai Sea.  相似文献   

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